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history > 5. Politics In Wartime WW1 BRT > Flashcards

5. Politics In Wartime WW1 BRT Flashcards

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1
Q

How did the liberal crisis seem to ‘vanish’ when Britain declared war on Germany

A
  • redmond and Carson urged their men to join Army
  • home rule act suspended
  • suffragettes give up campaigning
  • trade union members generally patriotic
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2
Q

1915 coalition: why did the Liberal gov initially try ‘business as usual’ when war broke out

A

Initially believed it would be over by Christmas

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3
Q

1915 coalition: what was the only change that the liberal government implemented when war broke out

A

Brought in Lord Kitchener as Secretary for War

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4
Q

1915 coalition: when was DORA passed

A

8 August 1914

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5
Q

1915 coalition: what did DORA give the state

A

An unprecedented level of control over people’s lives

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6
Q

1915 coalition: who were Asquith and his government losing the support of April-May 1915

A

Confidence of their early supporters

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7
Q

1915 coalition: what was clear about the war by 1915

A
  • war would last a long time

- home front as important as front line

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8
Q

1915 coalition: what eventually forced Asquith to accept an all party coalition

A

Military disaster st Gallipoli and apart shell shortage on western front lowered govs prestige further

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9
Q

1915 coalition: what was Bonar Law given in war coalition

A

Colonial office

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10
Q

1915 coalition: who replaced Churchill at the treasury

A

Balfour

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11
Q

1915 coalition: what was LG put in charge of

A

Ministry of muntjions

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12
Q

1915 coalition: how were liberals unhappy with interventionist position of gov

A
  • uncomfortable with conscription

- some believed state was threatening civil liberties with intro of DORA

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13
Q

1915 coalition: when did liberal party split

A

During Maurice debate of 1918

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14
Q

LG and lib division: why did LG support coalition

A

He had a clear understanding of demands on home front of total war

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15
Q

LG and lib division: who took over as Secretary for War when Kitchener died in 1916

A

LG

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16
Q

LG and lib division: how was the war coalition cabinet unsatisfactory

A

23 cabinet ministers- too many to effectively carry out business of conducting a war

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17
Q

LG and lib division: why was there tension within coalition

A

All key positions held by liberals and conservatives distrusted Asquith

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18
Q

LG and lib division: what effect did tensions within War cabinet have

A

Direction of war hesitant and piecemeal

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19
Q

LG and lib division: by when had the conservatives completely withdrawn their support for Asquith

A

1916

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20
Q

LG and lib division: what did LG propose after discussions with Bonar Law

A

Creation of a small war cabinet consisting of himself, Bonar Law, Carson

Asquith remain PM but wouldn’t take part in War cabinet

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21
Q

LG and lib division: 5 ways in which LGs new coalition gov changed way Britain was governed

A
  • smaller War cabinet of 5
  • most top jobs conservative
  • cabinet secretariat- more efficient
  • PM developed own PMs secretariat
  • more gov ministries set up for wartime needs
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22
Q

LG: how did liberal MPs react to LG replacing Asquith as PM

A

Continued to recognise Asquith as party leader but pledged to support gov in conduct of war

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23
Q

LG: why did LGs support now depend on conservatives

A

Many liberals viewed LG as a traitor for dividing liberal party

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24
Q

LG: how can conservatives support for LG be described

A

Toleration not trust

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25
Q

Influence of lab and 1918 constitution: why did lab party almost split in 1914

A

Whether it should support the war

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26
Q

Influence of lab and 1918 constitution: why was party opposed to war and militarism

A

Essentially believed in international cooperation of working class

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27
Q

Influence of lab and 1918 constitution: why was MacDonald mercilessly criticised in press

A

Refused to compromise and support the war

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28
Q

Influence of lab and 1918 constitution: when did reward for most of labour movement supporting war come

A

When I’m 1916, Arthur Henderson became first ever lab politician to be given a place in cabinet

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29
Q

Influence of lab and 1918 constitution: what did Labour Party force gov to do with rising wartime prices pushing rents up

A

Gov to pass legislation which fixed wartime rents at prewar levels

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30
Q

Influence of lab and 1918 constitution: what was ‘fair play’ that labour party pushed for

A

Controls on profiteering and unrestricted market forces and for high taxation of war profits

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31
Q

Influence of lab and 1918 constitution: why were price controls introduced in 1917

A

To help stabilise food prices

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32
Q

Influence of lab and 1918 constitution: what impact did introduction of price controls and excess profits duty have on labours credibility

A

Increased it

33
Q

Influence of lab and 1918 constitution: when did the Labour Party end it’s wartime cooperation with LG

A

When Henderson was refused permission to attend a conference in Stockholm which aimed to look at ways to bring about peace

34
Q

Influence of lab and 1918 constitution: what did freedom from gov allow Henderson to work on

A

Reorganising Labour Party and putting together its policies for post war Britain

35
Q

Influence of lab and 1918 constitution: what effect did Henderson’s Work after leaving gov have on Labour Party

A

United lab party and put it in strong position for competing with other 2 main parties

36
Q

Influence of lab and 1918 constitution: how did Law benefit labour

A
  • TU membership doubled to 8 million

- widening of franchise- bigger electoral support from working class

37
Q

The Labour Party constitution: when did lab adopt new constitution

A

Feb 1918

38
Q

The Labour Party constitution: what was Party to be composed of

A

Various affiliated groups: trade unions, socialist societies, cooperative societies, trade councils, local labour parties

39
Q

The Labour Party constitution: who would manage the party

A

An executive of 23 members- this executive would be elected at annual party conference

40
Q

The Labour Party constitution: what was means of production, distribution and exchange to be taken over by

A

Gov or community (nationalised)

Became known as clause IV

41
Q

The Labour Party constitution: what would happen to surplus wealth

A

It would be redistributed

42
Q

The Labour Party constitution: what would happen to TUs power

A

They’d have more

43
Q

The Labour Party constitution: effect of consitiuon

A

Gave lab party more confidence

44
Q

The Labour Party constitution: how did lab party reassert it’s independence from liberals

A

Labour Party ministers resigned as soon as armistice singed

45
Q

coupon election 1918, LG coalition and Bonar Law: how did Baldwin judge LG and Bonar Law together

A

‘Most perfect partnership in political history

46
Q

coupon election 1918, LG coalition and Bonar Law: why did LG discuss his ideas and policies every morning with Bonar Law

A

Once he had Bonar laws approval he would be able to get them through cabinet and commons

47
Q

coupon election 1918, LG coalition and Bonar Law: how did Bonar Law act as a mediator between LG and back benchers

A

Kept PM informed of opinions of backbenchers and kept backbenchers informed of what LG was thinking

48
Q

coupon election 1918, LG coalition and Bonar Law: Bonar laws successes of chancellor of exchequer 1916-1918

A

-1917 raises £600 million via War loan campaign and by setting interest rates at 5 rather than 6%

49
Q

coupon election 1918, LG coalition and Bonar Law: which rivalry still dominated British politics by the end of the war

A

Asquith V LG

50
Q

coupon election 1918, LG coalition and Bonar Law: where was LG popular

A

In country but most of liberal parties funds and organisation in constituencies under Asquith control

51
Q

coupon election 1918, LG coalition and Bonar Law: what did LG persuade Bonar Law and conservative leaders to do

A

Call an election before end of 1918

52
Q

coupon election 1918, LG coalition and Bonar Law: why was Bonar Law happy to call an election before end of 1918

A

Realised LGs popularity and believed coalition gov would help preserve unity in country

53
Q

coupon election 1918, LG coalition and Bonar Law: why was it known as a coupon election in 1918

A

Those who fought election in support of coalition were given a certificate signed by LG and Bonar Law

54
Q

coupon election 1918, LG coalition and Bonar Law: what had been passed by the time of the coupon election

A

representation of the people act feb 1918- extended vote to wider section of society than before

55
Q

coupon election 1918, LG coalition and Bonar Law: what was success of conservatives in gaining 332 down to

A
  • coupon factor
  • nationalistic mood of country
  • electoral reform- reshaping of constituencies
56
Q

New coalition gov of 1918: why was LG in a weak position as PM

A
  • his power rested less on his own party supporters than on his former political enemies
  • leader of one wing of a divided party in decline
57
Q

Policies and problems of LG coalition: what non war related issues did LG coalition have to deal with

A
  • competition from Germany and USA
  • growth of TU movement
  • divisions over home rule for Ireland
58
Q

Policies and problems of LG coalition: issues stemming directly from war

A
  • gov debt
  • dislocation of trade and industry
  • problem of demobilising over 5 million men
59
Q

Policies and problems of LG coalition: 1918 education act

A
  • raised school leaving age to 14
  • larger grants given to local authorities to improve teachers salaries
  • secondary schools remained fee paying but gov increased number of scholarships available
60
Q

Policies and problems of LG coalition: Addison’s housing act 1919

A
  • all local authorities obliged to ensure people had decent housing
  • 170000 subsidised houses built
61
Q

Policies and problems of LG coalition: extension of unemployment act 1920

A

Covered an additional 12 million workers

62
Q

Policies and problems of LG coalition: agricultural act 1920

A

Mainted wartime guarantee of prices for wheat and oats

Guaranteed minimum wages for farm labourers

63
Q

Policies and problems of LG coalition: what did meansures show

A

Gov intervention had now become the norm

64
Q

Policies and problems of LG coalition: what did coalition face by 1922

A

Wide range of problems

65
Q

Policies and problems of LG coalition: what did economic depression mean

A

Cuts in gov spending which severely limited reconstruction plans

66
Q

Policies and problems of LG coalition: why and when did Addison leave ministry of health

A

March 1921 when subsidies for housing were ended

67
Q

Policies and problems of LG coalition: how many working days were lost in 1921 due to increased TU Actitigty and industrial disruption

A

86 million

68
Q

Policies and problems of LG coalition: what effect did Bonar laws resignation have on LGs position

A

Weakened it as coalition depended on his good working relationship with LG

69
Q

Policies and problems of LG coalition: whinreplaced Bomar Law

A

Austen chamberlain- a critic of LG

70
Q

The fall of LG: honours scandal 1922

A

LG accuses of selling peerages to finance his own political party through Lg fund

71
Q

The fall of LG: what was honours scandal followed by

A

A foreign policy crisis- Chanak affair

72
Q

The fall of LG: chanak affair

A

PM accused of acting high handedky, ordering British troops into action without consulting coalition partners

73
Q

The fall of LG: what happened in October 1922 that convinced conservatives they had enough electoral support to break away from coalition

A

Victory at a by- election at Newport

74
Q

The fall of LG: how had Bonar laws opinion on LG changed

A

He was critical of policies of gov and disapproved of LGS actions at chanak

75
Q

The fall of LG: what happened at Carlton club

A
  • meeting of conservative MPS
  • speeches made by Baldwin and BONAR LAW
  • conservatives voted overwhelmingly to vote next election alone
76
Q

The fall of LG: when did post war coalition end

A

LG resigned a few hours after conservatives voted to fight next election alone

77
Q

The fall of LG: election relsults 1922

A
  • conservatives 330 seats
  • liberals 116 seats combined
  • labour 142
78
Q

The fall of LG: what did 1922 election reveal

A

Extent of liberal party decline

history (44 decks)

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