22: Khrushchev years part 1- rise to power Flashcards
K’s rise to power: what was it announced on 6 march 1953 that Malenkov would combine roles of
secretary of central committee and chairman of council of ministers
K’s rise to power: why had Malenkov been forced by rivals to step down from party secretary
to concentrate on his governmental role
K’s rise to power: who took post of party secretary after Malenkov
khrushchev
K’s rise to power: who was a collective leadership established between in 1953
Molotov (foreign minister) and beria (head of MVD)
K’s rise to power: who did Khrushchev immediately begin appointing to important party posts when he became p secretary
his own proteges
K’s rise to power: where did Kh build himself a strong support network despite underestimation from others
in partys administrative machinery
K’s rise to power: who emerged as leader who was most anxious to depart from Stalinist policies
beria
K’s rise to power: what did the popularity of berias pronouncements and power of his office cause alarm
at the top of party hierarchy
K’s rise to power: who conspired against beria
Malenkov and other presidium members including Khr
K’s rise to power: who did presidium members arrange berias arrest at hands of in June 1953
military
K’s rise to power: what was beria accused of in the anti beria campaign
criminal anti party and anti state activites
K’s rise to power: what was the fate of beria
he was secretly tried and executed on 24 December 1953
K’s rise to power: what happened to berias supporters
they were purged
K’s rise to power: what was the leadership divided on
foreign policy, industrial and agricultural policy and the role of the party
K’s rise to power: what did Malenkov place above the party
government
K’s rise to power: what did Malenkov attempt to launch with molotovs backing
to use his influence to launch a new course
K’s rise to power: what did Malenkov want to change in his new course
collective farm policy, reduce peasant taxes and put more investment into consumer goods
K’s rise to power: who did khruschev place party before
government
K’s rise to power: what did khrushchevs proposals include
a less radical proposal for the parallel development of heavy and light industry and sold himself as an agricultural expert- launching virgin lands scheme
K’s rise to power: what did the early success of the VLS help
to rally the party behind Khrushchev
K’s rise to power: why was Malenkov forced to step down as chairman of the council of ministers in fb 1955
he found himself isolated
K’s rise to power: what role did Malenkov sake after stepping down as chairman
minister for power stations
K’s rise to power: who was Malenkov succeeded by as chairman of the council of ministers
bulganin
K’s rise to power: until when did khr and Bulganin act as joint leaders
1958
K’s rise to power: when was there an attempt to unseat Khrushchev
in 1957 when himself and Bulganin were on a visit to finland
K’s rise to power: how did Khrushchev prevent himself being unseated 1957 despite majority vote in presidium
he insisted the matter be put to central committee
ensured those favourable were brought to Moscow to vote in his favour
K’s rise to power: how did krushchev benefit from the support of Zhukov
he’d been brought back into power as deputy minister for defence and thus brought red army support
K’s rise to power: who did Zhukov speak out against
Malenkov, Molotov and their supporter kaganovich
K’s rise to power: what did the plotters become known as
the anti party group
K’s rise to power: what happened to the plotters
duly outvoted by central committee and accused of conservatism and involvement in purges of 1930s
K’s rise to power: where were plotters sent after being expelled from central committee
sent to jobs far from Moscow
K’s rise to power: how were Zhukov and others rewarded for their support to Khrushchev
seats in the presidium
K’s rise to power: why was Zhukov dismissed in October 1957
Khrushchev was not content to be reliant on others
K’s rise to power: what was Zhukov accused of in the propaganda campaign against him
hindering party work in the army and creating his own personality cult
K’s rise to power: what was Bulganin accused of in march 1958
encouraging anti party group
forced to step down and krushchev took over
destalinisation: how had Khrushcehv began to reverse Stalinist policies before first party congress since stalins death
released those accused of doctors plot, beria police and gulag system attacked and cultural thaw was underway
destalinisation: what did the congress offer an opportunity to explain
the change in direction
destalinisation: who didn’t want reopening of past despite most of presidium welcoming dismantling of terror
those who had been involved in purges
destalinisation: how was Khrushchev speaking out against stalin to be held
in secret and none of 1400 delegates were allowed to ask questions
destalinisation: what did khruschev use when preparing his speech
material that had been assembled by a secial commission of the central committee into the abuses under stalin
destalinisation: when did khrushcehv accuse stalin of in his speech
responsibility for purges, terror, torture, mass arrests executions and gulags
destalinisation: how was the speech met
with restounding applause
destalinisation: how were copies sent out despite it being in secret
copies sent to foreign parties and its cotent filtered down through party ranks in ussr
destalinisation: what did gorbachev demand
that those responsible for Stalinist crimes be punished- Khrushchev avoided comment
destalinisation: what did the speech pay limited attention to
purging of ordinary soviet citizens and accepted economic controls, strong leadership, single party and elimination of factions as legit
destalinisation: what did speech try to justify
a good deal of continuity
political and party change: what did both party and state gov institutions become under stalin
mere rubber stamping organisations dependent on one man
political and party change: why did party and state gov institutions assume a renewed importance as centres for debate and decision making
as a result of power struggle
political and party change: what happened to the police after berias arrest and execution
in 1934 they were under authority of party and gov
secret police reduced in size
political and party change: what marked a move away from police influence in state matters
political amnesties and a partial revival of an independent judicial system
political and party change: who gained most from berias fall
the party
political and party change: what was Khrushchev returning to when he sought the support of the central committee in 1957
the traditional hierarchy of power, as advocated by lenin
political and party change: what effect did it have that Khruschev reverted back to traditional hierarchy of power
helped restore position of party back to something like 1920s
political and party change: what 2 other goals were sought by Khrushchev iin 1957
- democratisation- weakening bureaucracy more responsibility to people
- decentralisation- more initiatives to localities
political and party change: what was the party split into in 1962 to fulfil Khrushchevs twin goals
urban and rural sections at all levels
political and party change: what new rules were introduced in order to fulfil khrushchevs twin goals
limited how long party officials could serve
political and party change: what was membership expanded from 1956-1964
7 million 1956
11 million 1964
political and party change: what effect did widening of membership have on party
broadened party’s popular base as it brought more working class members
reduced power of higher level bureaucrats
political and party change: what happened to local soviets and comrade courts as a result of khrushchevs twin goals
role of local soviets augmented and comrade courts to handle minor offences revived
political and party change: what were non party members encouraged to do under khrushchevs twin goals
to take supervisory roles
some invited to party congresses
political and party change: why did Khrushchev visit villages and towns
showed personal desire for first hand contact with people
political and party change: what was pursued economically under khrushchevs twin goals
decentralisation
political and party change: what was the autocratic terror state of stalin replaced by in this era
the central gov system that was similar to that of mid 1920s
