7.3 Cell Cycle Dysregulation and Apoptosis

Question 1

What is the definition of cell proliferation?

Answer 1

process of cell growth that is fundamentally necessary for the development and tissue repair in multicellular organisms

Question 2

Which cells undergo cell proliferation under normal circumstances?

Answer 2

lining of the skin, intestines and bone marrow cells

Question 3

What are differentiated cells?

Answer 3

cells that have matured to provide a specific function

Question 4

What is a generic characteristic of differentiated cells?

Answer 4

they remain quiescent unless stimulated to divide

Question 5

Which differentiated cells always divide?

Answer 5

epithelial cells
GI cells
immune system cells

Question 6

What are the phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 6

interphase
mitosis
G0

Question 7

What are the phases in interphase?

Answer 7

G1 S G2

Question 8

What occurs during G1 phase?

Answer 8

cell is stockpiling enzymes and molecules for DNA replication

Question 9

What occurs during S phase?

Answer 9

chromosomal DNA is actively being replicated

Question 10

What is interphase?

Answer 10

cell is replicating DNA and performing normal functions

Question 11

What is G2 phase?

Answer 11

cell is growing and checking to make sure it is ready for cell division

Question 12

What occurs during M phase?

Answer 12

cell division

Question 13

What are cells known as when they are in G0?

Answer 13

quiescent

Question 14

What is the phase G0?

Answer 14

endpoint for most differentiated cells unless stimulated to enter the rest of the cell cycle

Question 15

What cells cannot enter G0?

Answer 15

cancer cells

Question 16

What does it mean that cancer cells have aberrant signal transduction pathways?

Answer 16

constantly and erroneously provided with growth signals or cannot respond to signals that tell the cell to stop dividing

Question 17

How many cell cycle checkpoints are there?

Answer 17

three

Question 18

What are checkpoints?

Answer 18

ensure that a normal cell progresses through the cell cycle as usual

Question 19

Where are the three cell cycle checkpoints?

Answer 19

G1/S
G2/M
and in M

Question 20

What is needed to pass the G1/S checkpoint?

Answer 20

cell must be adequate size
DNA needs to be undamaged