2.3 Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crossing Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a monohybrid cross?

A

two pure individual parental strains are mated that contrast only in the trait that is being observed

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2
Q

What is self-fertilization or “selfed”?

A

when the parents plant mates with “itself” and always produces offspring with its own trait

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3
Q

In genetics what does P1 refer to?

A

the original parental generation

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4
Q

What does F1 refer to?

A

the first filial generation
first set of offspring from the P1

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5
Q

What does F2 refer to?

A

the second filial generation
second set of offspring from the P1

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6
Q

What is a reciprocal cross?

A

when crosses are made with either parent being the pollinator/male or being pollinated/female (not sex-dependent)

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7
Q

What is Mendels First Postulate?

A
  1. genetic characteristics are controlled by unit factors existing in pairs in individual organisms
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8
Q

What is a unit factor?

A

controls the genetic character of an organism

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9
Q

How do unit factors exist in organisms?

A

in pairs

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10
Q

What is Mendels Second Postulate?

A

when two unlike unit factors responsible for a single characteristic are present in a single individual, one unit factor is said to be dominant to the other, which is said to be recessive

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11
Q

What is Mendels Third Postulate?

A

during the formation of gametes, the paired unit factors separate, or segregate, randomly so that each gamete receives one or the other with equal likelihood

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12
Q

What does phenotype refer to in modern genetics?

A

physical manifestation of any trait

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13
Q

What are unit factors known as in modern genetics?

A

genes

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14
Q

What is the definition of a gene?

A

unit of hereditary that is transferred from a parent to an offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring

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15
Q

What is an allele?

A

variations of a given gene

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16
Q

How is a dominant and recessive trait represented in Mendelian genetics?

A

dominant = capital letter
recessive = lowercase letter

17
Q

What is the genotype of a given trait?

A

consists of the two alleles inherited for a particular gene

18
Q

What does homozygous for a trait mean?

A

individual has two alleles that are the same

19
Q

What does heterozygous for a trait mean?

A

individual has two different alleles for a given trait

20
Q

What can a Punnett square be used to visualize?

A

monohybrid cross