5.1 Genetic Code

Question 1

What are the four nucleotides in DNA?

Answer 1

A
T
G
C

Question 2

What is the general process of how DNA is turned into a protein?

Answer 2

DNA from linear strand is turned into RNA
RNA is turned into a protein

Question 3

How many base pairs are in the human genome?

Answer 3

3 billion

Question 4

What are the building blocks of DNA and RNA?

Answer 4

nucleotides

Question 5

What is the structure of each nucleotide?

Answer 5

nitrogenous base
pentose sugar
phosphate group

Question 6

How are nitrogenous bases classified?

Answer 6

based on their structures

Question 7

What are the two classifications of nitrogenous bases?

Answer 7

purine
pyrimidines

Question 8

What are the purines?

Answer 8

guanine and adenine

Question 9

What are the pyramidines?

Answer 9

cytosine
thymine
uracil

Question 10

What is the difference between the RNA sugar and the DNA sugar

Answer 10

RNA = ribose
DNA = deoxyribose; has a hydrogen atom at the C2 position rather than a hydroxyl

Question 11

What is a nucleoside?

Answer 11

a nitrogenous base and a sugar

Question 12

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 12

nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate group

Question 13

How does the nitrogenous base bind to the sugar?

Answer 13

C1 atom of the sugar binds to the nitrogenous base

Question 14

How do nucleotides bind together to form linear strands of DNA?

Answer 14

phosphodiester bond

Question 15

What is a phosphodiester bond?

Answer 15

joining of one phosphate to two sugars

Question 16

When is a group of nucleotides known as an oligonucleotide?

Answer 16

once there are 30 bonded together

Question 17

What are long nucleotide chains known as?

Answer 17

polynucleotides

Question 18

How do we generally read DNA?

Answer 18

5’ to 3’

Question 19

How are nucleotides names?

Answer 19

according to their nitrogenous bases

Question 20

What is the Watson and Crick model?

Answer 20

DNA is comprised of two polynucleotide chains that arae coiled around a central axis