3.4 Cell Division Part 4

Question 1

What are cdc mutations?

Answer 1

cell division cycle mutations

Question 2

Which genes are commonly mutated?

Answer 2

kinases

Question 3

What are kinases needed for?

Answer 3

phosphorylation of proteins involved in cell signaling and metabolic pathways

Question 4

How are most kinases found in a cell?

Answer 4

down regulated state

Question 5

What activates kinases?

Answer 5

cyclins

Question 6

What are the main functions of cell cycle checkpoints

Answer 6

monitor the mitotic process to ensure things are going smoothly before proceeding to the next stage

Question 7

What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 7

mitosis has a lack of genetic variation while meiosis has a lot of genetic diversity

Question 8

What is crossing over?

Answer 8

exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes

Question 9

What is the first stage of meiosis?

Answer 9

prophase I

Question 10

What occurs during prophase I?

Answer 10

homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis

Question 11

What is synapsis?

Answer 11

homologous chromosomes pairing up

Question 12

What occurs during synapsis?

Answer 12

chromosomes are so close together they undergo crossover events

Question 13

What is a bivalent?

Answer 13

synapsed pair of chromosomes

Question 14

What is the bivalent number equal to?

Answer 14

the haploid number

Question 15

What is a tetrad?

Answer 15

bivalents that have condensed; two pairs of sister chromatids

Question 16

What is the chiasma?

Answer 16

point on sister chromatids where they remain intertwined during metaphase I

Question 17

What is the glue that holds non-sister chromatids together during meiosis I?

Answer 17

chiasmata

Question 18

What is a dyad?

Answer 18

half of a tetrad

Question 19

At the end of anaphase I, what has occurred?

Answer 19

there are a haploid number of dyads at each end pole

Question 20

What occurs during telophase I?

Answer 20

cytokinesis divides everything in two and the nuclear membrane reforms around the dyads