4.3 Bacterial Transformatin

Question 1

What is bacterial transformation?

Answer 1

bacterium taking up extracellular DNA from its environment and incorporating it into its genetic makeup

Question 2

How is bacterial transformation usually done?

Answer 2

artificially induced method in laboratories to clone genes for research

Question 3

What does a bacteria need to be in order to be transformed?

Answer 3

competent

Question 4

How is E coli made to be competent?

Answer 4

chemical in conjunction with heat or electroporation methods

Question 5

How do competent bacteria take up DNA during transformation?

Answer 5

opening small pores in their membranes that allows direct passage of DNA

Question 6

Once DNA enters the bacterial cell during transformation what occurs?

Answer 6

nucleases will digest the DNA leaving one single strand of DNA

Question 7

What does the single strand of DNA do once it has been digested by nucleases?

Answer 7

align in the complimentary region of the bacterial chromosome and replace its counterpart

Question 8

What is the new DNA added to the bacterial chromosome during transformation known as?

Answer 8

heteroduplex

Question 9

What is a heteroduplex?

Answer 9

DNA bacteria that has two sources of nucleotides that are not identical matches

Question 10

What occurs as a result of a bacterial cell becoming a heteroduplex?

Answer 10

DNA repair mechanisms are initiated and after one round of replication one transformed cell and one untransformed cell are produced