7.2 Cancer is not a 1-Step Proces

Question 1

How many people develop cancer?

Answer 1

1 in 3

Question 2

What exponentially increases the incidence of most cancers?

Answer 2

age

Question 3

What is tumorigenesis?

Answer 3

the development of a malignant tumor

Question 4

What is a polyp?

Answer 4

small cluster of cells that are defective for the APC gene

Question 5

What is a polyp also known as?

Answer 5

adenoma

Question 6

What is the ACP gene?

Answer 6

adenomatous polyposis coli

Question 7

Is a polyp benign?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

What does the APC gene encode for?

Answer 8

differentiation of normal intestinal cells

Question 9

What is the first stage of colon cancer?

Answer 9

formation of a polyp

Question 10

What is the second stage of colon cancer?

Answer 10

genetic mutation occurs within the adenoma

Question 11

What is the typical mutation that occurs in the adenoma?

Answer 11

Kras gene

Question 12

What is the function of the Kras gene?

Answer 12

regulated cell growth

Question 13

What is the third stage of colon cancer?

Answer 13

development of a carcinoma

Question 14

What is a carcinoma?

Answer 14

malignant tumor

Question 15

How does the adenoma become a carcinoma?

Answer 15

mutation of genes that control cell death, growth signaling, and cell cycle regulation

Question 16

What do many scientists believe is the biggest driver of the cancer phenotype?

Answer 16

complete inability to repair DNA damage

Question 17

What is the mutator phenotype?

Answer 17

complete genetic instability of cancer cells

Question 18

What is an example of an inherited cancer that is mutated for DNA repair genes?

Answer 18

HNPCC = hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

Question 19

What is the incidence of HNPCC?

Answer 19

1 in 200 to 1 in 1000

Question 20

Where else does HNPCC affect?

Answer 20

colon
kidneys
ovaries
uterus