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Genetics > 5.5 Translation > Flashcards

5.5 Translation Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is translation?

A

when mRNA is used to synethesize a polypeptide chain that will make a functional protein

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2
Q

What is the site of translation?

A

ribosome

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3
Q

Where does transcription take place and where does translation take place?

A

transcription - nucleus
translation - cytoplasm

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4
Q

What is tRNA?

A

transfer RNA

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5
Q

What are the two regions of tRNA?

A
  1. anticodon region that is complementary to the mRNA
  2. region that is covalently bound to the correct amino acid that matches the codon
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6
Q

What are the two subunits of the ribosome?

A
  1. large
  2. small
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7
Q

What is each subunit of the ribosome composed of?

A

each is composed of rRNA and ribosomal proteins

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8
Q

What is a monosome?

A

each subunit of the ribosome composed of rRNA and ribosomal proteins

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9
Q

How are ribosomes measured?

A

characterized based on the rate of migration in a sucrose gradient known as the Svedberg coefficient

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10
Q

What does the Svedberg coefficient take into account?

A

density, mass, and shape of a ribosome

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11
Q

What is the bacterial monosome and what is the eukaryotic monosome?

A

bacterial = 70s
eukaryotic = 80s

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12
Q

What is the bacterial 70s monosome composed of?

A

50s and 30s

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13
Q

What is the eukaryotic 80s composed of?

A

60s and 40s

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14
Q

How big are tRNAs?

A

small; 70-90 nucleotides long

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15
Q

What is posttranscriptional modification?

A

enzymatic reaction occurs after the transcription of RNA

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16
Q

What is the purpose of posttranscriptional modifications done on tRNA?

A
  1. improve stability of tRNA
  2. make sure hydrogen bonding is more secure between the tRNA and the mRNA that it will bind with
17
Q

What does the primary structure of an RNA refer to?

A

its coding sequence only; what it would look like on a two dimensional page

18
Q

What is the secondary structure of an RNA refer to?

A

three-dimensional shape

19
Q

What is the secondary structure of tRNA

A

series of paired stems with unpaired loops to resemble a cloverleaf

20
Q

What is the only difference between specific tRNAs?

A

the anticodon that makes it complimentary to an amino acid

Genetics (48 decks)

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