4.6 Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three structural genes in the lac open?

A

lacZ
lacY
lacA

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2
Q

What does the lacZ gene encode for?

A

b-Galactosidase

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3
Q

What does the lacY gene encode for?

A

permease

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4
Q

What does the lacA gene encode for?

A

transacetylase

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5
Q

What does b-galactosidase do?

A

converts lactose into glucose and galactose

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6
Q

What does permease do?

A

facilities lactose entry into the bacterial cell

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7
Q

What does transacetylase do?

A

help remove toxins that are built up by lactose digestion

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8
Q

What lies just upstream of the three structural genes of the lac operon?

A

promotor-operation regulatory region

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9
Q

What do studies with the lac operon rely on?

A

use of chemical analogs of lactose such as IPTG

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10
Q

What is IPTG known as?

A

gratuitous inducer

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11
Q

What are gratuitous inducers?

A

can active genes naturally but they do not act as substrates for the enzymes that are synthesized

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12
Q

What did the use of research using IPTG show?

A

lacI gene

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13
Q

Where is the lacI gene found?

A

upstream of the promotor-operator

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14
Q

What is the lacI gene?

A

repressor gene that encodes for a repressor molecule

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15
Q

What is the function of the lacI gene?

A

when lactose is not present the lacI gene actively makes repressor proteins that bind to the DNA sequence of the operator

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16
Q

What does the presence of lactose do to the lacI gene?

A

sugar can bind to the repressor molecule to change its shape so it cannot bind to the operator region and turn it off

17
Q

What are sRNAs?

A

small noncoding RNAs

18
Q

How long are sRNAs?

A

50-100 nucleotides long

19
Q

What is the function of sRNAs?

A

directly involved in the regulation of gene expression

20
Q

What is the general mechanism of sRNAs?

A

bind to the nucleotide sequence of genes to either block or enhance gene activity