2.1 Genetic Crossing and Chromosomes

Question 1

What did the chromosomal theory of inheritance complete that Darwin’s natural selection could not?

Answer 1

information encoded within genes is organized into chromosomes that are transmitted on gametes

Question 2

What are gametes

Answer 2

sex cells

Question 3

How many different chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 3

23

Question 4

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 4

pairs of chromosomes

Question 5

What is a karyotype?

Answer 5

visualization of an organisms entire chromosome set

Question 6

How is karyotyping typically done?

Answer 6

isolating white bloods cells, staining them, and taking pictures with a microscope

Question 7

What is a scientist called who can read karyotypes?

Answer 7

cytogeneticist

Question 8

What information can karyotypes give us?

Answer 8

genetic abnormalities

Question 9

What is one of the more common genetic mutations?

Answer 9

BRCA1 gene

Question 10

What does BRCA1 stand for?

Answer 10

breast cancer type 1 susceptibility gene

Question 11

What is the BRCA1 gene?

Answer 11

tumor suppressor gene normally produced in breast tissue that is responsible for DNA repair

Question 12

If someone inherits the BRCA1 gene, how much more likely are they to get breast cancer?

Answer 12

80%

Question 13

What are the building blocks of the cell?

Answer 13

proteins

Question 14

What are some functions of proteins?

Answer 14

structure
controlling cellular metabolism
signaling

Question 15

What are the two proteins that make up hemoglobin?

Answer 15

alpha-globulin
beta-globulin

Question 16

Do the two proteins that make up hemoglobin come from different or the same genes?

Answer 16

different

Question 17

Which protein is mutated in sickle cell anemia?

Answer 17

beta-globulin

Question 18

What does the mutation of beta-globulin cause?

Answer 18

red blood cells to deform so oxygen cannot attach and the red blood cells break down

Question 19

Other than lack of oxygen, what else can the misshapen red blood cells of sickle cell anemia cause?

Answer 19

blockages in small blood vessels leading to pain and damage of heart, muscles, and kidneys

Question 20

WHat type of altitude is worse for those with sickle cell?

Answer 20

high altitude = less oxygen