2.1 Genetic Crossing and Chromosomes Flashcards
What did the chromosomal theory of inheritance complete that Darwin’s natural selection could not?
information encoded within genes is organized into chromosomes that are transmitted on gametes
What are gametes
sex cells
How many different chromosomes do humans have?
23
What are homologous chromosomes?
pairs of chromosomes
What is a karyotype?
visualization of an organisms entire chromosome set
How is karyotyping typically done?
isolating white bloods cells, staining them, and taking pictures with a microscope
What is a scientist called who can read karyotypes?
cytogeneticist
What information can karyotypes give us?
genetic abnormalities
What is one of the more common genetic mutations?
BRCA1 gene
What does BRCA1 stand for?
breast cancer type 1 susceptibility gene
What is the BRCA1 gene?
tumor suppressor gene normally produced in breast tissue that is responsible for DNA repair
If someone inherits the BRCA1 gene, how much more likely are they to get breast cancer?
80%
What are the building blocks of the cell?
proteins
What are some functions of proteins?
structure
controlling cellular metabolism
signaling
What are the two proteins that make up hemoglobin?
alpha-globulin
beta-globulin
Do the two proteins that make up hemoglobin come from different or the same genes?
different
Which protein is mutated in sickle cell anemia?
beta-globulin
What does the mutation of beta-globulin cause?
red blood cells to deform so oxygen cannot attach and the red blood cells break down
Other than lack of oxygen, what else can the misshapen red blood cells of sickle cell anemia cause?
blockages in small blood vessels leading to pain and damage of heart, muscles, and kidneys
WHat type of altitude is worse for those with sickle cell?
high altitude = less oxygen
