65 - CF, PKU, Other Common Single-Gene Defects Flashcards
Who pioneered the field of inborn metabolic errors
Archibald Edward Garrod
Genetic disease with greatest disease burden in Australia
Cystic fibrosis
First genetic disease to be tested for at birth, and treated.
Phenylketonuria
Common technique involved in genetic testing
PCR
Inheritance of gout
Autosomal dominant
Disease where someone can’t recycle purines
Lesch-Nyhan
Lesch-Nyhan
Genetic disease where patient can’t recycle purines.
Self-mutilate (eat nose, lips)
Acromegaly
Grow very large, very prominent jaw.
From pituitary gland secreting GH into adulthood
Syndrome with extreme flexibility
Ehlers Danlos syndrome (defect in collagen)
Alkaptonuria
1)
2)
3)
1) Lack of homogentisic dioxygenase. Can’t break down toxic homogentisic acid.
2) Darkening of urine from yellow to black after exposed to air
3) Develop arthritis later in life, characterised by deposition of brown pigment in joint cartilage and connective tissue.
Mendel’s first law
People have two copies of a gene for a characteristic
Phenotype of Klinefelter’s syndrome
Male
Example of a trait with incomplete dominance
Whether hair is straight, curly or wavy
Mutations leading to colour blindness
Mutations in coneopsins or rhodopsins.
Short-, medium and long-wavelength genes.
Inheritance pattern of the most common red-green colourblindness
X-linked recessive
Examples of X-linked recessive conditions 1) 2) 3) 4)
1) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
2) Haemophilia A
3) Leisch-Nyhan syndrome
4) Male pattern baldness
Mendel’s second law
Different characteristics are inherited independently