104 - Development 1 Flashcards
Frequency of birth defects
~1:33 live births
Most-common structural defects
Heart defects (~1:200)
Rate of initial division of fertilised egg
Division every 24 hours
Stage of development at 3 days
Morula (16 cells)
Stage of development at 4 days
Blastocyst undergoes cavitation to form a blastocoele
Where is the egg fertilised?
Fallopian tube
Morula
16-cell stage, at around 3 days
Arrangement of cells in a blastocyst
Two cell types: trophoblast (outer epithelial layer), inner cell mass (that becomes the embryo). Trophoblast forms a ring around the inner cell mass and the blastocoele
What does the trophoblast do?
Forms some extraembryonic structures like the placenta.
When does the blastocyst implant into the uterine wall?
5 - 10 days
Formation of bilaminar disc 1 2 3
1) Inner cell mass splits into the epiblast and hypoblast. 2)Part of the epiblast becomes the embryo. 3) Hypoblast expands to line interior of trophoblast to form the yolk sac.
Role of the yolk sac in humans
Not much. Doesn’t fill with yolk, embryo relies on maternal supply of nutrients.
Gastrulation
Formation of endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm from bilaminar disc (epiblast layer).
Broad derivatives of ectoderm
Nervous system and epidermis
Broad derivatives of mesoderm
Blood, heart, kidneys, gonads, most bones, connective tissues
Broad definition of endoderm
Epithelium of gut and associated organs