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1Principles of Biomedicine - MD1 > 110 - Eukaryotic Parasites > Flashcards

110 - Eukaryotic Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Parenteric hiost

A

Host in which the parasite enters the body, doesn’t undergo development but remains infective

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2
Q

Intermediate host

A

Host in which development occurs but the parasite doesn’t reach sexual maturity

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3
Q

Definitive host

A

Host in which parasite reaches sexual maturity

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4
Q

Body louse

A

Pediculus humanis

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5
Q

Head louse

A

Pediculus capitis

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6
Q

Crabs

A

Pediculus pubis

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7
Q

Name for infection with lice

A

Pediculosis

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8
Q

What in a lice infection causes itching?

A

Itching caused by louse saliva when lice are attaching eggs to hair shaft

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9
Q

Distribution of louse infections

A

Worldwide

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10
Q

Symptoms of lice
1
2
3

A

1) Itch.
2) Macules.
3) Secondary infection.

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11
Q

What can lice be a vector for?

A

Rickettsia, spirochetes

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12
Q

Scabies Latin name

A

Sarcoptes scabiei (Arachnids, not insects)

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13
Q

Where do scabies live?

A

Live in tunnels in the epidermis.

Lay eggs as they burrow (moulting pouch).

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14
Q

Size of scabes

A

Less than 0.5mm in size

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15
Q

Where do scabies prefer to live?

A

Favours fingerwebs, elbows, axillae, genitals.

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16
Q

Scabies treatment

A

Single dose of Ivermectin.

Sterilise clothes and bedding

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17
Q

Diagnosis of scabies

A

Detection of mite in scrapings or biopsy

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18
Q

What are ticks important vectors for?

A

Viral
Rickettsial
Protozoal

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19
Q

Are humans the definitive host of ticks?

A

Often not.

20
Q

What can ticks sometimes cause in humans?

A

Ascending paralysis

21
Q

Type of contact that ticks have with humans

A

Brief contact. Take a blood meal and then drop off host

22
Q

Distribution of ticks in Australia

A

Eastern Australia

23
Q

Latin name for ticks

A

Ixodes holocyclus

24
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of ticks

A

Detect, remove tick

25
Q

Ticks responsible for paralysis

A

Females. Males don’t take a blood meal

26
Q

Examples of pathogenic protozoal diseases

A

Malaria, amoebiasis, giardiasis, toxoplasmosis, trypanosomiasis

27
Q

Protozoa

A

Unicellular, complex, eukaryotic

28
Q

Most-common disease-causing protozoan in humans

A

Entamoeba histolytica

29
Q

Where does E histolytica invade?

A

Invades tissues in the colon (faecal-oral transmission)

30
Q

Symptoms of amoebiasis

A

Prolonged watery diarrhoea, liver abscess

31
Q

Diagnosis of amoebiasis

A

Faecal cysts, serology (particularly after the diarrhoeal phase)

32
Q

Amoebiasis treatment

A

Metronidazole + paromomycin, drainage of abscess

33
Q

Immunity to amoebiasis

A

Poor. Reinfections common

34
Q

Giardia intestinalis
1
2
3

A

1) Flagellate, primitive eukaryote.
2) Long-lived cysts, so can survive in environment for a long time.
3) Zoonotic

35
Q

Giardia distribution

A

Worldwide

36
Q

Symptoms of giardiasis

A

Diarrhoea, might be acute or chronic, with malabsorption.

37
Q

Diagnosis of Giardia

A

Cysts in faeces

38
Q

Treatment of Giardia

A

Tinidazole

39
Q

Immunity to Giardia

A

Poor. Re-infeciton common

40
Q

Toxoplasma gondii features
1
2
3

A

1) Obligate intracellular parasite
2) Infects all mammals, many birds
3) Most infections from undercooked meat

41
Q

Length of Toxoplasma infection

A

Lifelong.

Usually asymptomatic in the immunocompetent

42
Q

When can Toxoplasma be dangerous?

A

Immunocompromised (EG: HIV)

Congenital infection can be serious

43
Q

How does Toxoplasma exist in host?

A

Circulates in blood, can infect almost any organ (forms cysts in tissues (EG: muscle)

44
Q

Symptoms of Toxoplasma

A

Asymptomatic.

Sometimes CNS lesions, ocular disease in HIV

45
Q

Treatment of Toxoplasmosis

A

Often nothing. Bactrim antibiotics if serious

46
Q

Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis

A

Serology

1Principles of Biomedicine - MD1 (157 decks)

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