37 - Thoracic Walls Flashcards
Tissue types in the breast 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)
1) Glandular 2) Fibrous 3) Adipose 4) Blood vessels 5) Nerves 6) Lymphatics
Anatomical delineation of breast
From lateral border of sternum to mid-axillary line From second to sixth rib.
Name for elongated part of breast towards armpit
Superolateral extension or axillary tail
Why are most carcinomas of the breast found in the upper outer quadrant?
Because this quadrant has the most glandular tissue, because of the axillary tail of the breast.
Muscles that breast overlies
2/3 of breast overlies pec major 1/3 of breast overlies serratus anterior
How do breasts sit against torso?
Retro-mammary space separates breast and underlying muscle. This is where breast implants can be inserted.
Blood supply of breasts 1) 2) 3)
1) Medial breast gets branches from internal thoracic arteries. 2) Superior aspect of breast gets branches from lateral thoracic artery, which is a branch of axillary artery, which is from the subclavian artery. 3) Lateral breast gets branches from posterior intercostal.
Blood supply of medial breast
Medial breast gets branches from internal thoracic arteries.
Blood supply of superior lateral breast
Superior aspect of breast gets branches from lateral thoracic artery, which is a branch of axillary artery, which is from the subclavian artery.
Blood supply of lateral breast
Lateral gets branches from posterior intercostal arteries (lateral mammary branches)
Venous drainage of breasts 1) 2) 3)
1) Medial - Internal thoracic vein 2) Lateral - Lateral mammary vein, which drains to lateral thoracic vein, which drains to axillary vein, which drains to subclavian vein
Lymphatic drainage of breasts 1) 2) 3)
Drain to: 1) Axillary 2) Intercostal 3) Parasternal lymph nodes
Components of sternal complex 1) 2)
1) Manubrium (superior) 2) Sternum (inferior)
Ribs whose costal cartilage articulate with sternal complex
Upper 7 ribs
Ribs whose costal cartilage join costal cartilage of rib immediately superior
Ribs 8, 9 and 10
Ribs whose costal cartilage doesn’t articulate with anything
Ribs 11 and 12 (floating ribs)
Description of two articular facets of tuberculae
Medal facet is smooth, articular. Lateral facet is rough, attachment for ligament of intercostal muscle
Which part of rib are the tuberculae near?
Vertebral end (near head with articular facets
Number of articular facets on vertebral head of rib
Two (both smooth)
Orientation of rib bodies
Almost vertical (therefore have superior and inferior aspects)
Structures on inferior border or ribs
Costal groove. Contains (in superior to inferior order) intercostal vein, intercostal artery, intercostal nerve
Shape of first rib 1) 2) 3)
1) Shorter, more curved, flatter than other ribs. 2) Very deep groove for subclavian vessels. 3) Single articular facet on head, as only articulates with T1 vertebra.