55 - Drugs and Kidney Function Flashcards
Four roles of the kidneys
- regulation of water and electrolyte balance
• endocrine functions
• excretion of endogenous waste
• excretion of exogenous compounds
*Schematic view of the nephron
EPHRON
What happens in the proximal tubule regarding NaCl?
60-70% of water and NaCl reabsorbed.
Organic acids and bases, bicarbonate secreted into lumen.
What happens in loop of Henle regarding NaCl?
20-30% of NaCl reabsorbed
What happens in distal tubule regarding NaCl?
5-10% of NaCl reabsorbed
Where in the nephron does secretion take place?
Proximal tubule
Where in the nephron is K+ reabsorbed?
Proximal tubule
Where in the nephron is K+ secreted?
Distal tubule, collecting ducts
Types of drugs with effects on the kidneys
1)
2)
3)
1) Diuretics
2) Drugs that affect urine pH (EG: sodium bicarbonate to treat aspiring poisoning)
3) Drugs that alter secretion of organic molecules (EG: probenecid inhibits secretion of banned drugs for sport urine tests)
Common effect of altering NaCl reabsorption in proximal tubule.
Distal tubule changes NaCl reabsorption to balance out change in proximal tubule.
Diuretics
Drugs that increase Na+ and water excretion by decreasing NaCl reabsorption
Four classes of diuretics
1) Loop diuretics
2) Thiazide diuretics
3) Potassium-sparing diuretics
4) Osmotic diuretics
Most powerful class of diuretics
Loop diuretics
Mechanism of loop diuretic action
Act on thick ascending limb in loop of Henle.
Inhibit Na+/K+/2Cl- carrier (transports from lumen into cells).
*Normal mechanism of reabsorption in kidneys
NORMAL REABSORPTION
Effect of normal Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter function
Interstitium becomes hypertonic, so water leaves nehphron to tissues.
Reduces Na+ in distal tubule, which reduces water reabsorption
Effect of inhibiting Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter
Reduction in hypertonicity of interstitium (reduced water reabsorption)
Increased Na+ in distal tubule (increases osmotic pressure in tubule, reduces water reabsorption)