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1Principles of Biomedicine - MD1 > 24 - Cardiac Function and Control > Flashcards

24 - Cardiac Function and Control Flashcards

1
Q

For any volume of blood, pressure depends on 1) 2)

A

1) Compliance of the wall 2) Active tension in the wall

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2
Q

When is compliance important in blood pressure?

A

Diastole

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3
Q

When is active pressure important in blood pressure?

A

Systole

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4
Q

Is the right or left ventricle less compliant?

A

The left is thicker and therefore less compliant than the right

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5
Q

Which ventricle can generate more force?

A

The left

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6
Q

If more blood is pumped into the arterial system, what occurs in the venous system?

A

There is less blood

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7
Q

When can the pericardium become an important determinant of ventricular compliance?

A

When it stiffens (EG: inflammation, TB, pericarditis, cancers)

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8
Q

Normal end systolic volume

A

Between 65-150mL, but this can vary

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9
Q

Diastolic left ventricle pressure-volume curve

A
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10
Q

Systolic left ventricle pressure-volume curve

A
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11
Q

Normal total cardiac output

A

~5L/min

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12
Q

Normal stroke volume

A

~150mL

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13
Q

Normal early diastolic pressure

A

~5mmHg

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14
Q

How is a Frank Starling curve generated?

A

Fill left ventricle with blood, don’t let blood escape. As volume increases, with the same electric stimulation the ventricular pressure increases (due to increased force of contraction)

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15
Q

Ways to increase stroke volume 1) 2) 3)

A

1) Decrease heart rate 2) Increase end diastolic volume 3) Increase ventricular contractility

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16
Q

Frank Starling relationship

A

More stretch = more tension More end diastolic volume = more stroke volume

17
Q

What does increased stroke volume reflect?

A

Increased LV pressure

18
Q

What effect does increased heart rate have on stroke volume?

A

Decreased stroke volume (as lower end systolic volume)

19
Q

Why can the heart appear smaller with exercise?

A

When heart rate increases, stroke volume decreases, as the time for diastole shortens (leads to decreased end diastolic volume)

20
Q

Effect of increased heart contractility on LV pressure and volume

A
21
Q

Mitral valve location

A

Between left atrium and left ventricle

22
Q

Effect of acidosis on heart function

A

Impairs heart function

23
Q

Effect of increased sympathetic stimulation on heart contractility

A

Increases contractility

24
Q

Effect of parasympathetic activity on heart contractility

A

Parasympathetic nervous system not really related to heart contractility

25
Q

Effect of hypercapnia on heart contractility

A

Leads to acidosis, which impairs cardiac function

26
Q

Valves closed during systole

A

Tricuspid, mitral (bicuspid) valves.

27
Q

Valves closed during diastole

A

Aortic valve

28
Q

Valves closed during isovolumetric contraction

A

Tricuspid, bicuspid, aortic valves

29
Q

Pressures and volumes of left heart during systole and siastole

A
30
Q

Way to tell hen a murmur is in the cardiac cycle

A

Feel carotid. When it pulses, that is systole.

31
Q
A
32
Q

Where on the LV pressure loop are stroke volume, ESV and EDV?

A
33
Q

How do we know that the heart has reserve maximum pressure?

A

Because the max pressure of the Starling curve is greater than that of the max pressure of the cardiac cycle loop

34
Q

Effects of increasing heart contractility

A

Decrease end systolic volume, increase stroke volume

35
Q

Effects of reducing compliance

A

Decreased stroke volume, decreased end diastolic volume

36
Q

Effects of increased aortic pressure

A

Decreased stroke volume, increased end systolic volume

37
Q

Afterload

A

Load encountered by ventricle as it begins contraction. Pressure applied by aortic hypertension, LV outflow tract obstruction

38
Q

Preload

A

The stretch on myocyte fibres before contraction A volume (EDV) load imposed by increased venous return

1Principles of Biomedicine - MD1 (157 decks)

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