18 - Introduction to Genetics Flashcards
Number of base pairs in human genome
~3 billion
Number of genes in mitochondrial genome
13 protein coding genes
24 RNA coding genes
Post-ENCODE definition of a gene
A union of genomic sequences encoding a coherent set of
potentially overlapping functional products
Number of different proteins in human body
Over 1 million
Number of different mRNAs in humans
~100,000
Number of protein-coding genes in human
~21,000
Possible genetic variants
1)
2)
3)
1) Gross chromosomal changes
2) Copy number variations
3) Changes to DNA sequence
Proportion of genome shared between generations
Each level of generation different halves percentage of genome shared.
EG: siblings share 1/2, parents 1/4, grandparents 1/8