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Question 1

Achalasia

Answer 1

Disorder of the oesophagus.

Difficulty swallowing

Question 2

Operation performed when there are stomach ulcers

Answer 2

Partial gastrectomy.

Remove lower part of the stomach

Question 3

How is the duodenum often viewed?

Answer 3

Through an endoscope

Question 4

Possible cause of bleeding in the duodenum

Answer 4

Bleeding, EG of the gastroduodenal artery

Question 5

Proportion of people who develop gallstones

Answer 5

~1/4.

~1/2 of these develop symptoms

Question 6

Difference between structural and functional liver anatomy

Answer 6

In structural, there is a large right lobe and a small left lobe.
In functional, there are two roughly equal lobes, each with four parts.

Question 7

Common small bowel problems

Answer 7

Adhesions from former surgery.

Herniae.

Question 8

Ileostomy

Answer 8

Open a hole in the small bowel, empty it of waste if rectum isn’t working properly.

Question 9

Meckel’s diverticulum

Answer 9

A Meckel’s diverticulum is a pouch on the wall of the lower part of the intestine that is present at birth (congenital). The diverticulum may contain tissue that is the same as tissue of the stomach or pancreas.

Often causes no problems.

Question 10

Proportion of population with Meckel’s diverticulum

Answer 10

~2%

Question 11

W-pouch IPAA

Answer 11

W-pouch ileo-pouch anal anastamosis

Removal of all of colon until rectal canal.

Use small bowel (ileum) to form a pouch, making a new rectum. (W-pouch IPAA)

Question 12

Proportion of population who undergo appendicectomy

Answer 12

~1/6

Question 13

Main reason for surgery on colon and rectum

Answer 13

Colorectal cancer

Question 14

Other reasons for large bowel surgery
1
2
3

Answer 14

Diverticular disease
Ulcerative colitis
Crohn’s disease

Question 15

AR

Answer 15

Anterior resection.

Surgery on rectum, removing rectum through abdominal wall incision.

Question 16

How are diagnoses in the large bowel made?

Answer 16

Often through colonoscopy

Question 17

Sigmoid volvulus

Answer 17

Where sigmoid colon becomes elongated (danger of torsion).

Needs to be extracted, resected to shorten it.

Question 18

Abdominal herniae

Answer 18

Musculofascial defect in the abdominal wall.

Question 19

Ventral hernia

Answer 19

Usually ‘incisional’ (patient has had previous surgery, relatively weakened part of abdominal wall).
Can lead to obstruction, strangulation of viscera.

Question 20

Why is the skin over large abdominal herniae dark, blotchy?

Answer 20

Haemosiderin deposition.