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POD > 5.7 Gram Negative Facultative Anaerobic Coccobacilli > Flashcards

5.7 Gram Negative Facultative Anaerobic Coccobacilli Flashcards

1
Q

what 3 genera fall under Pasturellaceae

A

Pasturella, Manheimia, Actinobacillus

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2
Q

How can we describe the growth of Pasturellaceae

A

nutritionally fastidious (require specific nutrients for growth); as such they survive poorly in the environment

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3
Q

how can we distinguish Enterobacterales genera from Pasturellaceae genera using a test

A

oxidase test (enterobacterales negative but pasturellaceae positive)

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4
Q

what does the oxidase test detect

A

the presence of cytochrome C oxidase in gram negative bacteria

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5
Q

Pasturellaceae (Pasturella, Manheimia and Actinobacillus) are present where in the body

A

upper respiratory tract

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6
Q

T/F many species of Pasturellaceae are host specific

A

T

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7
Q

what are important virulence factors for all pasturellaceae genera

A

RTX toxins

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8
Q

What type of pathogens are Pasturellaceae (intracellular or extracellular)

A

extracellular

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9
Q

Pasturellaceae genera cause what 2 conditions

A

septicemia and/or pneumonia

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10
Q

what is the main species of Pasturella

A

P. multocida

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11
Q

T/F P. multocida causes disease in humans

A

F

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12
Q

how many O antigen types of pasturella exist? what about capsule types?

A

16 (coding for LPS); Types A-E capsules

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13
Q

what are virulence factors of P. multocida

A
  • LPS, capsule, iron-aquisition, PMT toxin, adhesins
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14
Q

what Pasturella capsule types are not present in Canada? what type are most infections

A

B or E; A

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15
Q

what P. multocida toxin is involved in the following:

  • fowl cholera:
  • suppurative bronchopneumonia:
  • rabbit “snuffles:
  • cat bite abscess:
  • atrophic rhinitis of swine:
A
  • fowl cholera: A
  • suppurative bronchopneumonia: A
  • rabbit “snuffles: A
  • cat bite abscess: A
  • atrophic rhinitis of swine: D
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16
Q

fowl cholera is characterized by and caused by

A

septicemia in all birds; P. multocida

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17
Q

suppurative bronchopneumonia is characterized by and caused by

A

BRDC in cattle; also in swine; P. multocida

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18
Q

rabbit “snuffles” is characterized by and caused by

A

rhinitis, otitis, abscesses, pneumonia, septicemia; P. multocida

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19
Q

P. multocida secondary to enzootic pneumonia in pigs stains _________ with __________ stain

A

bipolar; Giemsa

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20
Q

atrophic rhinitis in pigs caused by P. multocida is characterized by (2)

A

deviation of the snout and turbinate atrophy

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21
Q

what 2 bacteria are associated with atrophic rhinitis in swine

A

Pasturella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica

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22
Q

what type of antibiotics are Pasturella resistant to

A

tetracyclines

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23
Q

there are vaccines against P. multocida in what species

A

turkeys and pigs

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24
Q

how do we treat P. multocida

A

antibiotic prophylaxis; vaccination

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25
Q

what bacteria causes shipping fever in ruminants

A

Manheimia haemolytica

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26
Q

pneumonia caused by M. haemolytica appears how

A

pussy and fibrinous

27
Q

what clinical signs are associated with shipping fever caused by M. haemolytica

A

rhinitis, pneumonia, cough

28
Q

what bacteria is a commensal in the upper respiratory tract of cattle and sheep but causes disease when stressed

A

Manheimia haemolytica

29
Q

what is the most virulent serotype of M. haemolytica

A

A1

30
Q

what bacteria is the main pathogen of BRDC in cattle

A

M. haemolytica

31
Q

what type of adhesins does M. haemolytica have

A

fimbrial and afimbrial

32
Q

what type of toxin does M. haemolytica have and what does it target

A

leukotoxin RTX toxin; kills alveolar macrophages and neutrophils

33
Q

what virulence factors does M. haemolytica have

A
  • capsule
  • RTX toxin
  • transferrin-binding protein
  • LPS
34
Q

what are predisposing factors to shipping fever

A

viral agents; environmental and host factors (transportation, weaning, co-mingling, change in rations, air and water quality)

35
Q

how can we treat and prevent shipping fever caused by M. haemolytica

A

1) preconditioning (adapt to feed, dehorn, deworm, vaccinate, socialize)
2) prophylactic antibiotics

36
Q

T/F resistance is becoming a problem with treating shipping fever

A

T

37
Q

what are the 2 main spp of Actinobacillus and what species do they infect

A

swine; A. pleuropneumoniae; A. suis

38
Q

most A. pleuropneumoniae require what for growth

A

NAD

39
Q

what does A. pleuropneumoniae cause

A

fibrinohaemorrhagic pleuropneumonia

40
Q

A. pleuropneumonia has ____ serotypes and ____ types of RTX toxins called ____ toxins

A

16-18; 4; Apx (I-IV)

41
Q

all serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae produce ____ toxin whereas only virulent serotypes produce ____ and _____

A

Apx IV; Apx I and II

42
Q

how do we treat and manage A. pleuropneumoniae

A

treatment involves antibiotics and prevention involves vaccination and preventing mixing of pigs with different serological status

43
Q

what does A. suis cause

A

septicemia and pneumonia in swine

44
Q

A. suis causes more mortality in what health status herds

A

high health status

45
Q

what virulence factors are important for A. suis infection

A

Apx I and II, capsule, LPS

46
Q

what is required for Haemophilus spp. growth

A

haemin or NAD

47
Q

what are the 2 species of Haemophilus

A

Glaesserella and Histophillus

48
Q

Glaesserella parasuis causes _________ disease, which is characterized by (4)

A

Glasser’s; polyserositis, polyarthritis, meningitis, arthritis

49
Q

what animals are more prone to G. parasuis

A

high herd health status

50
Q

how do we control and treat G. parasuis

A

treat with antibiotics; prevent with management and vaccines

51
Q

where is the normal habitat of H. somni

A

genital tract of ruminants

52
Q

in cattle: Histophilus somni causes (2)

A

septicemia and purulent bronchopneumonia

53
Q

in sheep Histophilus somni causes (3):

A

mastitis, septicemia, polyarthritis

54
Q

how do we control and treat H. somni

A

control with vaccines; treat with antibiotics

55
Q

what does Bordetella bronchiseptica cause

A

tracheobronchitis

56
Q

T/F B. bronchiseptica can be clinical or subclinical

A

T

57
Q

T/F B. bronchiseptica causes zoonotic disease in all people

A

F; only immunocompromised

58
Q

how does B. bronchiseptica cause disease

A

attaches to ciliated epithelium in the tracheo-bronchial tree and destroys the ciliated epithelium; causes persistent tracheal inflammation, resulting in coughting

59
Q

what is the name of the toxin used by Bordetella bronchiseptica

A

adenylate-cyclase hemolysin

60
Q

what does T. equigenitalis cause

A

persistent equine metritis

61
Q

T/F horses can be carriers of T. equigenitalis

A

T

62
Q

T/F T. equigenitalis is endemic in Canada

A

F

63
Q

what causes contagious equine metritis

A

Taylorella equigenitalis

POD (28 decks)

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