5.7 Gram Negative Facultative Anaerobic Coccobacilli Flashcards
what 3 genera fall under Pasturellaceae
Pasturella, Manheimia, Actinobacillus
How can we describe the growth of Pasturellaceae
nutritionally fastidious (require specific nutrients for growth); as such they survive poorly in the environment
how can we distinguish Enterobacterales genera from Pasturellaceae genera using a test
oxidase test (enterobacterales negative but pasturellaceae positive)
what does the oxidase test detect
the presence of cytochrome C oxidase in gram negative bacteria
Pasturellaceae (Pasturella, Manheimia and Actinobacillus) are present where in the body
upper respiratory tract
T/F many species of Pasturellaceae are host specific
T
what are important virulence factors for all pasturellaceae genera
RTX toxins
What type of pathogens are Pasturellaceae (intracellular or extracellular)
extracellular
Pasturellaceae genera cause what 2 conditions
septicemia and/or pneumonia
what is the main species of Pasturella
P. multocida
T/F P. multocida causes disease in humans
F
how many O antigen types of pasturella exist? what about capsule types?
16 (coding for LPS); Types A-E capsules
what are virulence factors of P. multocida
- LPS, capsule, iron-aquisition, PMT toxin, adhesins
what Pasturella capsule types are not present in Canada? what type are most infections
B or E; A
what P. multocida toxin is involved in the following:
- fowl cholera:
- suppurative bronchopneumonia:
- rabbit “snuffles:
- cat bite abscess:
- atrophic rhinitis of swine:
- fowl cholera: A
- suppurative bronchopneumonia: A
- rabbit “snuffles: A
- cat bite abscess: A
- atrophic rhinitis of swine: D
fowl cholera is characterized by and caused by
septicemia in all birds; P. multocida
suppurative bronchopneumonia is characterized by and caused by
BRDC in cattle; also in swine; P. multocida
rabbit “snuffles” is characterized by and caused by
rhinitis, otitis, abscesses, pneumonia, septicemia; P. multocida
P. multocida secondary to enzootic pneumonia in pigs stains _________ with __________ stain
bipolar; Giemsa
atrophic rhinitis in pigs caused by P. multocida is characterized by (2)
deviation of the snout and turbinate atrophy
what 2 bacteria are associated with atrophic rhinitis in swine
Pasturella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica
what type of antibiotics are Pasturella resistant to
tetracyclines
there are vaccines against P. multocida in what species
turkeys and pigs
how do we treat P. multocida
antibiotic prophylaxis; vaccination
what bacteria causes shipping fever in ruminants
Manheimia haemolytica
pneumonia caused by M. haemolytica appears how
pussy and fibrinous
what clinical signs are associated with shipping fever caused by M. haemolytica
rhinitis, pneumonia, cough
what bacteria is a commensal in the upper respiratory tract of cattle and sheep but causes disease when stressed
Manheimia haemolytica
what is the most virulent serotype of M. haemolytica
A1
what bacteria is the main pathogen of BRDC in cattle
M. haemolytica
what type of adhesins does M. haemolytica have
fimbrial and afimbrial
what type of toxin does M. haemolytica have and what does it target
leukotoxin RTX toxin; kills alveolar macrophages and neutrophils
what virulence factors does M. haemolytica have
- capsule
- RTX toxin
- transferrin-binding protein
- LPS
what are predisposing factors to shipping fever
viral agents; environmental and host factors (transportation, weaning, co-mingling, change in rations, air and water quality)
how can we treat and prevent shipping fever caused by M. haemolytica
1) preconditioning (adapt to feed, dehorn, deworm, vaccinate, socialize)
2) prophylactic antibiotics
T/F resistance is becoming a problem with treating shipping fever
T
what are the 2 main spp of Actinobacillus and what species do they infect
swine; A. pleuropneumoniae; A. suis
most A. pleuropneumoniae require what for growth
NAD
what does A. pleuropneumoniae cause
fibrinohaemorrhagic pleuropneumonia
A. pleuropneumonia has ____ serotypes and ____ types of RTX toxins called ____ toxins
16-18; 4; Apx (I-IV)
all serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae produce ____ toxin whereas only virulent serotypes produce ____ and _____
Apx IV; Apx I and II
how do we treat and manage A. pleuropneumoniae
treatment involves antibiotics and prevention involves vaccination and preventing mixing of pigs with different serological status
what does A. suis cause
septicemia and pneumonia in swine
A. suis causes more mortality in what health status herds
high health status
what virulence factors are important for A. suis infection
Apx I and II, capsule, LPS
what is required for Haemophilus spp. growth
haemin or NAD
what are the 2 species of Haemophilus
Glaesserella and Histophillus
Glaesserella parasuis causes _________ disease, which is characterized by (4)
Glasser’s; polyserositis, polyarthritis, meningitis, arthritis
what animals are more prone to G. parasuis
high herd health status
how do we control and treat G. parasuis
treat with antibiotics; prevent with management and vaccines
where is the normal habitat of H. somni
genital tract of ruminants
in cattle: Histophilus somni causes (2)
septicemia and purulent bronchopneumonia
in sheep Histophilus somni causes (3):
mastitis, septicemia, polyarthritis
how do we control and treat H. somni
control with vaccines; treat with antibiotics
what does Bordetella bronchiseptica cause
tracheobronchitis
T/F B. bronchiseptica can be clinical or subclinical
T
T/F B. bronchiseptica causes zoonotic disease in all people
F; only immunocompromised
how does B. bronchiseptica cause disease
attaches to ciliated epithelium in the tracheo-bronchial tree and destroys the ciliated epithelium; causes persistent tracheal inflammation, resulting in coughting
what is the name of the toxin used by Bordetella bronchiseptica
adenylate-cyclase hemolysin
what does T. equigenitalis cause
persistent equine metritis
T/F horses can be carriers of T. equigenitalis
T
T/F T. equigenitalis is endemic in Canada
F
what causes contagious equine metritis
Taylorella equigenitalis
