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POD > 3.8 (2) Prions > Flashcards

3.8 (2) Prions Flashcards

1
Q

prions cause what group of diseases

A

transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

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2
Q

TSEs are what type of disease

A

neurodegenerative prion diseases

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3
Q

what are prions

A

proteinaceous infectious particles

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4
Q

what are 2 characteristics of prion diseases

A

1) long incubation period (months to decades)
2) always fatal

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5
Q

what is the characteristic lesion of prion diseases

A

spongiform neuronal degeneration

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6
Q

are there vaccines and treatments for prion diseases

A

no

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7
Q

what is the normal form of prions and what is the infectious form

A

normal: PrPc
infectious: PrPSc

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8
Q

what is the normal role of prions

A

myelin maintenance

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9
Q

what changes in animals infected with prions

A

alpha helixes change to beta-sheets

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10
Q

how does solubility differ between normal and pathological prion

A

normal: soluble
pathological: insoluble

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11
Q

how does protease sensitivity differ between normal and pathological prions

A

normal: protease sensitive
pathological: protease insensitive

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12
Q

what are pathological prions resistant to (3)

A

boiling, formaldehyde and radiation

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13
Q

T/F there are immune and inflammatory responses against prions

A

F

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14
Q

what are the 3 main TSEs and what ones are on the OIE list

A
  • scrapie (sheep)
  • bovine spongiform encephalopathy
  • chronic wasting disease (deer and elk)
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15
Q

what is the incubation period of scrapie

A

up to 8 years

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16
Q

what is characteristic of scrapie

A

sheep rub off their wool and lose weight

17
Q

what is the best treatment of scrapie

A

destruction of all infected and at-risk animals

18
Q

what is the accepted route of scrapie infection

A

oral

19
Q

where is scrapie infection initiated

A

gut lymphoid tissue

20
Q

what are characteristic neuronal lesions of scrapie

A

vacuolation and degeneration

21
Q

where did BSE have a significant impact

A

Britain

22
Q

T/F BSE has been confirmed in Canada

A

T

23
Q

what is the accepted route of BSE infection

A

oral

24
Q

what are signs of BSE

A

nervousness, incoordination, decreased production, weight loss

25
Q

what is the transmission route of chronic wasting disease

A

unknown

26
Q

what is the incubation period of chronic wasting disease

A

up to 4 years

27
Q

what are the signs of chronic wasting disease

A

weight loss and behaviour changes

28
Q

T/F CWD has been identified in Canada

A

T

29
Q

how are TSE diagnosed in lab

A

1) histopathology of neuronal tissue
2) ELISA
3) immunohistochemistry and western blotting if ELISA positive

POD (18 decks)

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