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POD > 3.3, 3.4 DNA Viruses > Flashcards

3.3, 3.4 DNA Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

what type of genome are parvoviridae

A

ssDNA

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2
Q

are parvoviridae enveloped or non-enveloped

A

non-enveloped

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3
Q

what are the 3 main parvoviruses in veterinary medicine

A

canine parvovirus, feline panleukemia virus, porcine parvovirus

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4
Q

what 2 parvoviruses are genetically closely related

A

canine parvovirus and feline panleukemia virus

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5
Q

in what type of host cells are there receptors for parvoviruses

A

on epithelial cells

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6
Q

where do parvoviruses replicate and in what types of cells

A

in the nucleus of rapidly dividing cells

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7
Q

what causes the pathology observed in parvovirus infected animals

A

direct lysis/destruction of infected cells

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8
Q

in what two cell types do we see most canine parvovirus infection (2)

A

intestinal crypt epithelial cells and bone marrow progenitor cells

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9
Q

CPV-2 in utero or in less than 2 week old puppies can cause

A

myocarditis - sudden death

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10
Q

what are the signs of CPV-2

A

haemorrhagic diarrhea, vomiting, lymphopenia

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11
Q

what is the treatment for CPV-2

A

fluid/electrolytes; antibiotics

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12
Q

does feline panleukemia virus typically impact young or adult cats

A

yound

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13
Q

what is pronounced in feline panleukemia virus

A

severe and prolonged leukopenia

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14
Q

infection with feline panleukemia virus in the last 2 weeks of pregnancy to 2 weeks old causes

A

cerebellar hypoplasia and neonatal death

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15
Q

CPV-2 is usually diagnosed by _______ whereas feline panleukemia virus is usually diagnosed by _______

A

SNAP test; PCR

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16
Q

porcine parvovirus is associated with what in the sow

A

reproductive failure (SMEDI)

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17
Q

circoviruses:
______ genome
replicate in the _________
enveloped/nonenveloped

A

ssDNA; nucleus; nonenveloped

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18
Q

what type of virus is beak and feather disease virus (BFDV)

A

circovirus

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19
Q

what are the signs of BFDV in psittacine birds

A

necrotic or abnormally formed feathers

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20
Q

why do most BFDV birds die within 6-12 months

A

secondary infections

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21
Q

what are some diseases associated with porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD) (4)

A

dermatitis and nephropathy; post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS); reproductive disease (abortions, SMEDI)

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22
Q

what lymphadenopathy is associated with PMWS (from PCVAD)

A

inguinal lymphadenopathy (other signs = anemia, jaundice, diarrhea, pallor)

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23
Q

Polyomavirus:
_____ genome
replicates in the __________
enveloped/non-enveloped

A

dsDNA; nucleus; non-enveloped

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24
Q

Budgerigar fledgling disease is caused by

A

polyomavirus

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25
Q

Budgerigar fledgling disease has (low/high) mortality and is associated with (2) external signs and (2) post-mortem findings

A

high; absence of feathers; skin lesions; hemorrhage; pale musculature

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26
Q

papillomavirus:
_______ genome
enveloped/nonenveloped

A

dsDNA
non-enveloped

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27
Q

pathology of papillomavirus is associated with what in animals

A

infectious papillomatosis (warts)

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28
Q

T/F canine papillomavirus is usually self-limiting

A

T

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29
Q

when would surgical excision be indicated in dogs with canine papillomavirus

A

impaired eating and breathing due to the location of the papillomatosis

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30
Q

herpesviruses:
1) type of genome
2) enveloped/nonenveloped

A

dsDNA; enveloped

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31
Q

how are herpesviruses spread

A

mucosal contact

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32
Q

what is a unifying aspect of the pathogenesis of herpesviruses

A

latency

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33
Q

in what locations does herpesviruses generally stay latent

A

neurons or lymphoid cells

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34
Q

what are the 3 groups of herpesviridae

A

alphaherpesvirinae, betaherpesvirinae, gammaherpesvirinae

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35
Q

what are the 4 alphaherpesvirinae

A

bovine herpesvirus 1, feline herpesvirus 1, equine herpesvirus 1, gallid herpesvirus 2

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36
Q

what is the betaherpesvirinae

A

suid herpesvirus 2

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37
Q

what are the 2 gammaherpesvirinae

A

ovine herpesvirus 2, alcelaphine herpesvirus 1

38
Q

alphaherpesviruses:
- rapid or slow growth
- what type of lesions
- where is the latent infection

A
  • rapid
  • vesicular (epithelial cells)
  • sensory ganglia
39
Q

what is another name for feline herpesvirus 1 and what disease is it clinically very similar to

A

feline rhinotracheitis; feline calicivirus

40
Q

feline herpesvirus 1 (feline rhinotracheitis) is characterized by

A

upper respiratory disease

41
Q

where is feline herpesvirus 1 (feline rhinotracheitis) common

A

shelters or multi-cat households

42
Q

T/F vaccines for feline herpesvirus 1 (feline rhinotracheitis) exist

43
Q

how is feline herpesvirus 1 diagnosed

44
Q

what are 3 diseases caused by bovine herpesvirus 1

A

bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine vulvovaginitis, bovine enteritis

45
Q

T/F bovine herpesvirus 1 can cause substantial mortality

46
Q

how is bovine herpesvirus 1 diagnosed

47
Q

what causes respiratory and genital lesions as seen in bovine herpesvirus 1 infection

A

focal epithelial cell necrosis

48
Q

what is the most important viral cause of abortion in horses

A

equine herpesvirus 1

49
Q

T/F equine herpesvirus 1 is not in Canada

50
Q

how is equine herpesvirus 1 diagnosed

A

1) history of abortion
2) intranuclear inclusion bodies
3) PCR confirmation

51
Q

what is a characteristic lesion of equine herpesvirus 1

A

foci of necrosis in the fetal liver (of the aborted foal)

52
Q

what virus causes Mareks disease

A

GaHV-2 (gallid herpesvirus 2)

53
Q

what species get gallid herpesvirus 2 (Mareks disease) and what cells are infected

A

birds (chickens, quails, turkeys); T lymphocytes

54
Q

T/F Marek’s disease is uncommon in Canada

A

F; common and ubiquitous

55
Q

what is a consequence of Marek’s disease infection

A

lymphoma due to T lymphoblastoid cell proliferation

56
Q

what are the 4 forms that Marek’s disease (Gallid herpesvirus 2) can form and which is the classifcal form

A

1) classical form -> nerves
2) ocular form -> iris
3) acute form -> nodules/tumors in organs and nerves
4) cutaneous form -> feather follicles

57
Q

do betaherpesviruses have a long or short reproduction cycle and a long or short infection in culture

A

long; long

58
Q

where do beta herpesviruses cause latent infection

A

secretory glands, lymphoreticular tissues, kidneys

59
Q

what is another name for suid herpesvirus 2

A

inclusion body rhinitis

60
Q

suid herpesvirus 2 (aka _____________) causes __________ in ____ old pigs

A

inclusion body rhinitis; mucopurulent rhinitis; 1-5 weeks

61
Q

infection of pregnant sows with suid herpesvirus 2 (inclusion body rhinitis) causes

A

mummification, still birth, neonatal death

62
Q

where do gammaherpesviruses cause latency

A

lymphocytes

63
Q

T/F there is a vaccine for malignant catarrhal fever

64
Q

outside Canada, malignant catarrhal fever is caused by ____________; within Canada, malignant catarrhal fever is caused by ____________

A

alcelaphine herpesvirus 1; ovine herpesvirus 2

65
Q

what is a risk factor for malignant catarrhal fever

A

raising sheep and cattle in close proximity

66
Q

what 4 parts of the body does malignant catarrhal fever infect

A

lymphoid tissue, respiratory, GI, CNS

67
Q

poxviruses:
- enveloped/non-enveloped
- type of genome
- where does it replicate (and where do we see inclusion bodies)

A
  • enveloped
  • dsDNA
  • cytoplasm
68
Q

capripoxvirus can be subdivided into

A

sheep and goat pox virus; lumpy skin disease

69
Q

T/F sheep and goat pox virus and lumpy skin disease are endemic in Canada

A

F; never been found

70
Q

T/F vaccination of capripox viruses exists

71
Q

what are the main clinical signs of capripox virus infection (sheep and goat pox virus and lumpy skin disease)

A
  • lesions on the skin and MM
72
Q

parapoxvirus can be divided into what viruses

A

bovine papular stomatitis virus, orf virus

73
Q

bovine papular stomatitis virus causes what lesions

A

papular and erosive lesions (muzzle, lips, mouth, teats)

74
Q

T/F bovine papular stomatitis virus is zoonotic

75
Q

what is an important DDx of foot and mouth disease

A

bovine papular stomatitis virus

76
Q

where do we see orf virus lesiosn

A

mucocutaneous junctions (ex. lips)

77
Q

T/F orf virus is zoonotic

78
Q

what are the two forms of avipoxvirus (fowlpox virus)

A

cutaneous or diptheric

79
Q

what causes the cutaneous form of fowlpox virus (avipox virus) and what is its clinical presentation

A

mosquito bite; skin lesions aka dry pox

80
Q

what causes the diptheric form of fowlpox virus (avipox virus) and what is the clinical presentation

A

infection with droplets; wet pox on mucosa of larynx and mouth

81
Q

T/F african swine fever is reportable in Canada but has never been reported

82
Q

Asfivirus:
- enveloped or non-enveloped
- type of genome

A
  • enveloped
  • dsDNA
83
Q

what cells does african swine fever infect

A

macrophages and monocytes

84
Q

T/F ticks are vectors of african swine fever virus

85
Q

regarding the persistency of african swine fever: it is _________ and sensitive to lipid solvents but survives for many years in __________

A

thermolabile; refrigerated meat

86
Q

what is the only known DNA arbovirus

A

african swine fever virus

87
Q

acute african swine fever disease is characterized by

A

hemorrhagic disease

88
Q

adenoviridae:
- enveloped or nonenveloped
- type of genome

A
  • non-enveloped
  • dsDNA
89
Q

T/F adenovirus infection is subclinical in most species

90
Q

what important disease can adenovirus cause

A

infectious canine hepatitis

91
Q

what is characteristic of canine adenovirus 1

A

1) hepatitis
2) corneal disease
3) respiratory disease

92
Q

canine adenovirus 2 causes

A

respiratory disease

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