2.3 Red Blood Cells Part 3 - Non-regenerative Anemia

Question 1

What are the characteristics of primary marrow disorders causing non-regenerative anemia (2)

Answer 1

Generalized depression in RBC count; multiple cytopenias

Question 2

What is characteristic of a secondary marrow disorder causing non-regenerative anemia

Answer 2

Selective depression in RBC

Question 3

What are 4 broad causes of primary marrow disease

Answer 3

1) hypoplasia or aplasia
2) myelodysplasia
3) leukemia
4) other reason for myelophthisis

Question 4

what are three causes of bone marrow hypoplasia

Answer 4

infectious agents; immune-mediated; drug/chemical toxicity

Question 5

estrogen toxicity would cause what (be specific)

Answer 5

primary non-regenerative anemia due to hypoplasia/aplasia

Question 6

immune-mediated hypoplasia/aplasia of the bone marrow would target what cells

Answer 6

stem cells and progenitor cells

Question 7

what are the characteristics of myelodysplasia/myelodysplastic syndrome (3)

Answer 7

1) peripheral blood cytopenia
2) normal to hypercellular bone marrow
3) dysplastic features

Question 8

what is leukemia

Answer 8

tumor of developing red cells, white cells, or platelets

Question 9

why does leukemia cause a non-regenerative anemia due to a primary bone marrow disorder

Answer 9

presence of cancerous cells crowds the bone marrow

Question 10

what are 5 causes of myelofibrosis

Answer 10

1) unknown
2) neoplasia
3) chronic hemolytic anemia
4) necrosis
5) FeLV

Question 11

what is a characteristic of RBCs in patients with myelofibrosis

Answer 11

dacryocyte (teardrop shaped)

Question 12

what are 5 causes of secondary marrow disease causing a non-regenerative anemai

Answer 12

1) chronic inflammation
2) FelV
3) endocrine diseases
4) metastatic neoplasia
5) renal disease

Question 13

why does anemia occur in chronic diseases

Answer 13

suppressive cytokines cause the body to sequester iron -> less iron availability for RBC production

Question 14

what are the characteristics of anemia from chronic disease

Answer 14

normocytic, normochromic, usually mild to moderate

Question 15

name 4 hormones required for efficient hematopoiesis

Answer 15

1) thyroxine
2) growth hormone
3) cortisol
4) androgens

Question 16

how does FelV cause secondary non-regenerative anemia (3)

Answer 16

anemia of chronic disease
myelophthisis from hematologic neoplasia
pure red cell aplasia (PRCA)

Question 17

how does FelV cause primary non-regenerative anemia (2)

Answer 17

1) causes hypoplasia/aplasia of BM
2) causes myelofibrosis

Question 18

How does FelV infection impact MCV

Answer 18

normal or high (normocytic or macrocytic)

Question 19

in what 3 ways does CKD cause a non-regenerative anemia

Answer 19

decreased RBC lifespan; decreased EPO production; decreased bone marrow responsiveness to EPO

Question 20

what does lead toxicity cause

Answer 20

rubricytosis; see increased number of nucleated RBC in circulation WITHOUT polychromasia

Question 21

Polycythemia can be further categorized how

Answer 21

Into absolute (primary or secondary) and relative polycythemia

Question 22

What are the two causes of relative polycythemia

Answer 22

1) dehydration
2) splenic contraction

Question 23

In primary polycythemia, EPO is ________ and pO2 is ________

Answer 23

decreased to normal; normal

Question 24

In secondary polycythemia, EPO is _________

Answer 24

increased

Question 25

what is the only cause of primary polycythemia

Answer 25

polycythemia vera (a neoplasm in the BM)

Question 26

name some causes of secondary polycythemia

Answer 26

altitude; hormone excess; kidney mass; paraneoplastic syndrome; cardiopulmonary disease