5.0 Bacti Intro

Question 1

what genetic material do bacteria contain? DNA, RNA, both

Answer 1

both RNA and DNA

Question 2

most bacteria grow in artificial/natural media

Answer 2

artificial

Question 3

how do bacteria replicate

Answer 3

binary fission

Question 4

what is the microbiota and what is the role (3)?

Answer 4

the microbiota is a community of bacteria that inhabits the body; absorb nutrients, break down food, prevent growth of pathogenic bacteria

Question 5

what physiological conditions and pathologies is the microbiota associated with

Answer 5

immunity, cancer, obesity, chronic inflammation/asthma

Question 6

virulence mechanisms and PAMPs are often associated with what structure on bacteria

Answer 6

the envelope

Question 7

what is the target on the bacteria for disinfectants and antibiotics

Answer 7

the envelope

Question 8

what are flagella and pili/fimbriae?

Answer 8

filamentous proteinaceous structures on the outer surface of the bacteria

Question 9

what are the two types of pili/fimbriae and what are their functions?

Answer 9

• common pili: adherence to cell surface
• sex pili: genetic exchange

Question 10

what is the most dormant form of bacteria

Answer 10

spores (limited respiration and metabolism and reduced enzyme production)

Question 11

what are the 3 basic bacterial shapes

Answer 11

• bacilli
• cocci
• spirochetes

Question 12

what color is Gram + and what color is Gram -

Answer 12

Gram + = purple
Gram - = red

Question 13

what are the 2 main components of gram positive bacteria

Answer 13

techoic acid (gives antigenicity) and peptidoglycan (PG)

Question 14

what are the main components of gram negative bacteria

Answer 14

lipopolysaccharide; high lipid content (inhibits stain)

Question 15

how many layers are gram + vs gram - bacteria

Answer 15

gram + = 1 layer
gram - = 2 layers

Question 16

why is it important to know which bacteria are G+ vs G-

Answer 16

the spectrum of antibiotics available will differ

Question 17

what are the 3 forms of culture media

Answer 17

solid, semisolid, fluid

Question 18

under optimal condition some bacteria may divide every ______ or faster

Answer 18

20 minutes

Question 19

what are the 4 growth phases for bacteria

Answer 19

1) lag
2) exponential
3) stationary
4) death

Question 20

the catalase test differentiates bacteria that produce the enzyme _________ to convert _______ to (2)

the coagulase test differentiates bacteria that produce the enzyme ___________ to convert ______ to ___________

Answer 20

catalase; hydrogen peroxide; water and oxygen

coagulase; fibrinogen; fibrin

Question 21

what are 5 different molecular methods to identify bacteria

Answer 21

1) PCR
2) DNA/RNA probe tests
3) microarray
4) electrophoresis
5) proteomics

Question 22

when can we use immunological methods to identify bacteria

Answer 22

if it is a pathogenic bacteria

Question 23

what are 4 different types of immunological tests to identify bacteria

Answer 23

1) ELISA
2) radio-immunoassay
3) fluro-immunoassay
4) immuno chromatography

Question 24

bacteria are _____________ whereas fungi are _______________

Answer 24

prokaryotes; eukaryotes

Question 25

T/F fungi can be unicellular or multicellular

Answer 25

T (yeasts vs molds)

Question 26

how is the cell wall of fungi different from bacteria

Answer 26

contains chitin, not peptidoglycan

Question 27

how do yeasts vs molds grow

Answer 27

yeasts grow by budding; molds grow by extension of spores to hypha to mycelium

Question 28

what are dimorphic fungi

Answer 28

they have a yeast and a mold form

Question 29

what often determines host and organ specificity

Answer 29

adhesins

Question 30

what types of bacteria are species and organ specific and what types of bacteria are host non-specific

Answer 30

host specific: obligate and primary
non-specific: opportunist

Question 31

what are ways that bacteria cause host damage

Answer 31

inflammation, immune-response, lytic enzymes, toxins

Question 32

what is an important endotoxin of what type of bacteria

Answer 32

LPS; Gram -