5.0 Bacti Intro Flashcards
what genetic material do bacteria contain? DNA, RNA, both
both RNA and DNA
most bacteria grow in artificial/natural media
artificial
how do bacteria replicate
binary fission
what is the microbiota and what is the role (3)?
the microbiota is a community of bacteria that inhabits the body; absorb nutrients, break down food, prevent growth of pathogenic bacteria
what physiological conditions and pathologies is the microbiota associated with
immunity, cancer, obesity, chronic inflammation/asthma
virulence mechanisms and PAMPs are often associated with what structure on bacteria
the envelope
what is the target on the bacteria for disinfectants and antibiotics
the envelope
what are flagella and pili/fimbriae?
filamentous proteinaceous structures on the outer surface of the bacteria
what are the two types of pili/fimbriae and what are their functions?
- common pili: adherence to cell surface
- sex pili: genetic exchange
what is the most dormant form of bacteria
spores (limited respiration and metabolism and reduced enzyme production)
what are the 3 basic bacterial shapes
- bacilli
- cocci
- spirochetes
what color is Gram + and what color is Gram -
Gram + = purple
Gram - = red
what are the 2 main components of gram positive bacteria
techoic acid (gives antigenicity) and peptidoglycan (PG)
what are the main components of gram negative bacteria
lipopolysaccharide; high lipid content (inhibits stain)
how many layers are gram + vs gram - bacteria
gram + = 1 layer
gram - = 2 layers
why is it important to know which bacteria are G+ vs G-
the spectrum of antibiotics available will differ
what are the 3 forms of culture media
solid, semisolid, fluid
under optimal condition some bacteria may divide every ______ or faster
20 minutes
what are the 4 growth phases for bacteria
1) lag
2) exponential
3) stationary
4) death
the catalase test differentiates bacteria that produce the enzyme _________ to convert _______ to (2)
the coagulase test differentiates bacteria that produce the enzyme ___________ to convert ______ to ___________
catalase; hydrogen peroxide; water and oxygen
coagulase; fibrinogen; fibrin
what are 5 different molecular methods to identify bacteria
1) PCR
2) DNA/RNA probe tests
3) microarray
4) electrophoresis
5) proteomics
when can we use immunological methods to identify bacteria
if it is a pathogenic bacteria
what are 4 different types of immunological tests to identify bacteria
1) ELISA
2) radio-immunoassay
3) fluro-immunoassay
4) immuno chromatography
bacteria are _____________ whereas fungi are _______________
prokaryotes; eukaryotes
T/F fungi can be unicellular or multicellular
T (yeasts vs molds)
how is the cell wall of fungi different from bacteria
contains chitin, not peptidoglycan
how do yeasts vs molds grow
yeasts grow by budding; molds grow by extension of spores to hypha to mycelium
what are dimorphic fungi
they have a yeast and a mold form
what often determines host and organ specificity
adhesins
what types of bacteria are species and organ specific and what types of bacteria are host non-specific
host specific: obligate and primary
non-specific: opportunist
what are ways that bacteria cause host damage
inflammation, immune-response, lytic enzymes, toxins
what is an important endotoxin of what type of bacteria
LPS; Gram -
