Section 7: Pancreatic Secretion, Biliary Secretion, and Gall Bladder Function

Question 1

The common bile duct joins:

Answer 1

Cystic duct and common hepatic duct

Question 2

Secretory unit of the pancreasL

Answer 2

Lobule

Question 3

What connect the main pancreatic duct and the lobules?

Answer 3

interlobular ducts

Question 4

Components of the lobules:

Answer 4

intercalated ducts that each end in an acinus

Question 5

Main components of he pancreatic acinar cells:

Answer 5

Zymogen granules, golgi, mitochondria and RER

Question 6

Functions of the pancreas:

Answer 6

insulin/ glucagon release, secretion of digestive enzymes and HCO3- rich fluid

Question 7

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 7

secretion into ducts of digestive enzymes and HCO3- rich fluid

Question 8

To where is the fluid carrying enzymes from the pancreas carried?

Answer 8

duodenum

Question 9

Effect of acid on digestive enzymes:

Answer 9

inactivation

Question 10

Aqueous component of pancreatic juice:

Answer 10

basal spontaneous secretions, secretin-stimulated secretions (higher HCO-2), and Cl-/ HCO3- exchange

Question 11

Fluid flow from the pancreas:

Answer 11

acinar fluid, to intralobular ductal system, to extralobular ductal system, to main collecting duct

Question 12

Components of secretin-stimulated secretions, highest concentration to lowest concentration:

Answer 12

Na+, HCO3-, Cl=, K+ (155mM, 115, 40, and 7mm)

Question 13

What causes the secretion of fluids from the pancreas?

Answer 13

secretin injection or acid meal in the duodenum

Question 14

General effect on ion concentrations as section rate increases from the pancreas:

Answer 14

Na+ and K+ remain the same, Cl- decreases, and HCO3- increases

Question 15

pH in the duodenum with and without secretions from the pancreas:

Answer 15

7.8 without, 8.3 with

Question 16

Basal primary secretions from the pancreas are ____-like.

Answer 16

plasma

Question 17

What makes the transepithelial voltage more lumen-negative and is the driving force for Na+ to enter the lumen via tight junctions?

Answer 17

the movement of Cl- into the lumen of the acinus

Question 18

What transporter produces the net Cl- uptake in the pancreas acinar cells?

Answer 18

Na/K/Cl contransporter, driven by the Na gradient created by the Na/K pump

Question 19

What drives he Na/K/Cl cotransporter?

Answer 19

the Na gradient created by the Na/K pump

Question 20

What pumps cause a rise in intracellular stores of K?

Answer 20

Na/K pump and the Na/K/Cl cotransporter

Question 21

What neurotransmitter is a potent stimulator of Cl- secretion?

Answer 21

acetylcholine (cholinergic)

Question 22

What does the intracellular accumulation of Cl- drive?

Answer 22

Cl- secretion into the acinar lumen through apical-membranes Cl- channels

Question 23

Through what mechanisms does bicarbonate get secreted into the lumen of the duct?

Answer 23

Cl-HCO3- exchange mechanism

Question 24

True or False? HCO3- can enter the lumen directly.

Answer 24

T. across the basolateral membranes via an Na/HCO3 cotransporter

Question 25

What is the splitting of water to get the OH- needed for CA driven by?

Answer 25

The extrusion of H+ be an N-H exchanger

Question 26

In which directions are the net movements of ions and water when extra lobular duct cell secretion is stimulated?

Answer 26

Na+, HCO3-, water into the lumen, H+ into the interstitial space

Question 27

What is the most powerful stimulus for HCO3- secretion?

Answer 27

secretin

Question 28

What does secretin activate in the extralobular duct cell?

Answer 28

adenylyl cyclase

Question 29

Action of adenylyl cyclase in the extralobular duct cell:

Answer 29

raise [cAMP]

Question 30

Action of cAMP in the extralobular duct cell:

Answer 30

stimulates protein kinase A and the phosphorylation of CFTR

Question 31

True or False? The movement of H+ and HCO3- in the extralobular duct cells is in the same direction as in the stomach.

Answer 31

F. opposite

Question 32

True or False? The interstitial-negative voltage pulls Na+ into the interstitial space via tight junctions

Answer 32

F. lumen-negative

Question 33

What does Acetylcholine in the extralobular duct cells stimulate?

Answer 33

HCO3- secretion and activation of Gq

Question 34

Functions of Gq in the extralobular duct cells:

Answer 34

sitmulates PLC to release DAG and IP3

Question 35

Functions of DAG in the extralobular duct cells:

Answer 35

stimulates PKC

Question 36

Functions of PI3 in the extralobular duct cells:

Answer 36

release of Ca2+ from internal stores