2/6 Flashcards
How do cancers spread to the liver from the lung?
Haematological
How do you calculate NNT?
1/(Risk in control group - risk in treatment group)
Risk = no.of deaths/no in group
What is the milk offered to babies with a supposed cows milk allergy?
Hydroloysed formula
quick overview of common genetic conditions - turners etc
What is the treatment of drug-induced parkinsons?
PROCyclidine - if stuck - limbs get stiff - PROC it out
Diabetic pts are put first on the surgical list; what should they be advised regarding insulin?
They should fast from midnight
Take insulin the night before as normal and then omit their morning dose as will be starved and blood sugars will already be low
What is split bilirubin?
What kind of bilirubin is more pathological in babies?
A measure of conjugated vs unconjugated bilirubin
Conjugated - suggestive of biliary atresia
Septic shock with adequate fluid resus but still hypotensive?
Vasopressers - IV noradrenaline infusion
If mother has ABs to varicella zoster - does the baby still need treatment if exposed post birth?
NO - likely they have antibodies too
Causes of SUDDEN vision loss
Causes of painful red eye
Causes of painless red eye
ABCD = painful vision loss
AMRD
Blockage of vessel/bleed
Closed angle glucoma
Detachement of retina
GUTS = punched in gut = sore = imagine eyes popping out of head when getting punched
Glucoma
Uveitis/ulcer
Trauma
Scleritis
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Cause of painless red eye
- Conjuncivitis
- subconjunctival haemorraghe
- Dry eye
- Episcleritis
What is amaurosis fugax?
Transient painless vision loss - ‘like a curtain coming down’ - resolves in ~5min
How is sickle cell anaemia managed acutely vs chronically?
Sickle cell crisis
- oxygen and opioids = control the pain first of all
- IV fluids - help maintain hydration and improve blood flow
- sometimes ABx
Chronically
- if remove spleen - prophlatytic antibiotics
- regular immunisations
- REGULAR transfusions, folic acid and iron chealation
- HYDROXYUREA - increase HbF levels
What is the pathway for treatment of PPH?
Conservative
ABCDE
- uterus massage (palpate the fundus and rub it)
- cathertisation to prevent bladder distension
Medical
1. IV oxytocin/syntocinon
2. carboprost (unless hx of asthma)
3. ~ TXA
Surgical (if above fails)
1. Intrauterine balloon tamponade
2. Hysterectomy
What defines secondary PPH?
What is most likely to cause that (unlike in primary where the most likely cuase is tone)
24hrs-12weeks
Retained tissue or endometeriosis
What is encephalitis?
Inflammation of the brain itself
