14/11 Flashcards
Explain the difference between transdudate and exudate effusions pleurally
What is associated with increased protein?
Which are more likely to be bilateral
Exudate caused by increased permeability of capillaries which allows for proteins to escape - caused by malignancy and infection
Transudate caused by increased osmotic pressure and reduced re absorption of fluid - caused by heart failure, CKD, cirrhosis
Exudate = EXit of protein
Transudate = bilateral
How do you calculate smoking pack years?
No. of packs/day x no.of yrs smoked
– 20 cigs in a packet —
Describe the ratios for obstructive and restrictive lung disease - pulmonary function test wise
FEV1 - forced exp volume in 1 sec
FVC - forced vital capacity
Obstructive - reduced ratio
- FEV1 massively affected
- FVC mildly affected
Restrictive - same ratio
- FEV1 and FVC affected at the same rate
What lung condition is associated with birds?
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
What are the two anti-fibrotic medications that are used to try halt the progression of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
What counselling needs to be given with this?
Pirfenidone
Nintedanib
Both have nasty side effects and using a pulmonary nurse who is an expert in starting people on these drugs helps people stay on them for longer
- weight loss
- diarrhoea
to name a few
