XII: Chapter 7 - Evolution Flashcards
When was the Earth formed?
4.5 billion years ago
Which gases covered the surface of earth upon its formation?
Water vapour, methane, carbon dioxide and ammonia
What was the theory of spontaneous generation /
abiogenesis?
Life came out of decaying and rotting matter
What was the temperature of closed flask in Miller’s experiment?
800 °C
Which gases were added in the flask in Miller’s experiment?
Methane, hydrogen, water vapours and ammonia
Which compound did Miller first observe in his experiment?
Amino acids (GAGA- glycine, alanine, glutamate, aspartate)
Which compounds were obtained from Miller’s experiment?
Amino acids, sugars, nitrogen bases, pigments and fats
What would the first non cellular life forms have been?
Giant molecules like RNA, proteins, polysaccarides, etc
When did the first cellular life form probably originate?
2 billion years ago
What was the name of Darwin’s voyage ship?
H.M.S. Beagle
Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature. True/false?
True
Which scientist provided embryological support for evolution?
Ernst Heckel
Who disproved the embryological support for evolution?
Karl von Baer
Divergent structures are also called
Homologous
Vertebrate hearts are examples of analogy. True/false?
False. Vertebrate hearts are examples of homology.
The eyes of octopus and humans are examples of analogy. True/false
True
Flipper of dolphins and penguins are homologous organs. True/false?
False. Flippers of dolphins and penguins are analogous organs.
Is evolution a directed process in the sense of determinism?
No
Which was the original finch on Galapagos island?
Seed-eating finch
When more than one adaptive radiations have occurred in an isolated geographical area, it is called
Convergent evolution
Placental wolf and Tasmanian wolf show convergent evolution. True or false?
True
What are the two key concept of Darwinian Theory of Evolution?
Branching descent and natural selection
Which organism did Hugo deVries experiment on to bring forth the idea of mutations?
Evening primrose
How many factors are known to affect genetic equilibrium? Name them.
Five factors- Genetic drift Mutation genetic recombination Natural selection Gene migration/gene flow
If gene migration occurs multiple times, it is called
Gene flow
If gene flow occurs by chance, it is called
Genetic drift
Around what time were invertebrates formed and active?
500 mya
Around what time did jaw-less fishes evlolve?
350 mya
Around what time did sea weeds originate?
320 mya
Which were the first organisms to invade the land?
Plants
Which fishes evolved into amphibians?
Lobefishes
Around what time did some reptiles go back to water and evolve into fish like reptiles- Icthyosaurs?
200 mya
What was the height of Tyrannosaurus rex?
20 feet
Around what time did dinosaurs disappear?
65 mya
Around what time did Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus exist?
15mya
Fossils found in Ethiopia and Tanzania revealed that human like primates were living around 3-4mya in Western Africa. True/false?
False. Fossils found in Ethiopia and Tanzania revealed that human like primates were living around 3-4mya in Eastern Africa.
Australopithecines probably lived in Australian forests. True/false?
False. Australopithecines probably lived in East African grasslands.
How did Australopithecines hunt and what did they eat?
Australopithecans hunted with stone weapons but essentially ate fruit.
Which was the first human like hominid?
Homo habilis
What was the brain capacity of Homo habilis?
650-800cc
Did Homo habilis eat meat?
Probably not
When did Homo erectus appear?
1.5 mya
What was the brain capacity of Homo erectus?
900 cc
Did Homo erectus eat meat?
Probably
What was the brain capacity of Neanderthal man?
1400 cc
Around which time did Neanderthal man exist?
1,00,000-40,000 years ago
When did Homo sapiens arise?
During ice age between 75,000 -10,000 years ago
Around which time did pre-historic cave art develop?
18,000 years ago
Who gave the term evolution?
Herbert sanger
When did universe originate according to big bang theory?
20 billion years ago
Which was the first organic compound on earth?
Methane
When did the first eukaryotic cell originate?
1.5 bya
According to the theory of special creation, how old is the earth?
4000 years old
Which Italian scientists proved the theory of biogenesis?
Redi, Spallanzani
Which scietist conducted the swan neck experiment?
Pasteur
What was the voltage applied to flask in Urey-Miller experiment?
75000 V
What were the colloidal organic molecules discovered by Oparin called?
Coacervates
What were the organic molecules discovered by Sydney Fox which showed budding called?
Microspheres
Phylloclade of opuntia and leaves of other plants are examples of homology. True/false?
False. They are examples of analogy.
Is canine tooth of humans vestigeal?
Yes
Nipples in males are vestigeal. True/false?
True
Rudimentary wings of flightless birds are vestigeal organs. True/false?
True
What are the function of femur and pelvic girdle in python?
No function, they are vestigeal
What is the maximum age of the fossils that can be detected by carbon dating?
100000 years old
Which is the most accurate fossil dating method?
Electron spin resonance theory
Name all the eras in chronological order.
Archaeozoic era Proterozoic era Palaeozoic era Mesozoic era Coenozoic era
Name the all the periods of Palaeozoic era in chronological order.
Cambian Ordovician Sillurian Devonian Carboniferous Permian
Name all the periods of Mesozoic era in chronological order.
Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Name the epochs of cenozoic era in chronological order (from oldest to recent).
Palaeocene Eocene Oligocene Milocene Pliocene Pleistocene Holocene
Most modern phyla were established in which period of time?
Cambrian period of Paleozoic era
In which period did fishes originate?
Ordovician period of Paleozoic era
Which period is known as the golden age of fishes?
Devonian period of Paleozoic era
In which period did amphibians evolve?
Devonian period of Paleozoic era
Amphibians dominated the earth in which period?
Carboniferous period of Paleozoic era
In which period did dinosaurs become extinct?
Cretaceous period of Mesozoic era
Name all ancestors of present day horses in chronological order.
Eohippus Mesohippus Merychippus Pliohippus Equus (present day horse)
What was the unit of evolution according to Darwin?
Species
What is allopatric isolation?
Reproduction isolation due to geographical barrier
What is sympatric isolation?
Reproductive isolation in the same geographical area but in different ecological niches.
What is also called Sewall Wright’s effect?
Genetic drift
What is the difference between the browridge of apes and humans?
Apes- prominent browridge
Humans- less prominent browridge
Which organisms were the common ancestors of apes and man?
Dryopithecus
Which organism is considered as the connecting link between humans and apes?
Australopithecus
Which organism first discovered fire?
Homo erectus
Java man and Peking man belong to which species?
Homo erectus
Which organism is the direct ancestor of modern humans?
Cro-magnon man (Homo sapiens fossilis)
