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Biology NEET 2023 > XII: Chapter 7 - Evolution > Flashcards

XII: Chapter 7 - Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Earth formed?

A

4.5 billion years ago

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2
Q

Which gases covered the surface of earth upon its formation?

A

Water vapour, methane, carbon dioxide and ammonia

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3
Q

What was the theory of spontaneous generation /

abiogenesis?

A

Life came out of decaying and rotting matter

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4
Q

What was the temperature of closed flask in Miller’s experiment?

A

800 °C

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5
Q

Which gases were added in the flask in Miller’s experiment?

A

Methane, hydrogen, water vapours and ammonia

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6
Q

Which compound did Miller first observe in his experiment?

A

Amino acids (GAGA- glycine, alanine, glutamate, aspartate)

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7
Q

Which compounds were obtained from Miller’s experiment?

A

Amino acids, sugars, nitrogen bases, pigments and fats

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8
Q

What would the first non cellular life forms have been?

A

Giant molecules like RNA, proteins, polysaccarides, etc

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9
Q

When did the first cellular life form probably originate?

A

2 billion years ago

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10
Q

What was the name of Darwin’s voyage ship?

A

H.M.S. Beagle

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11
Q

Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature. True/false?

A

True

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12
Q

Which scientist provided embryological support for evolution?

A

Ernst Heckel

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13
Q

Who disproved the embryological support for evolution?

A

Karl von Baer

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14
Q

Divergent structures are also called

A

Homologous

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15
Q

Vertebrate hearts are examples of analogy. True/false?

A

False. Vertebrate hearts are examples of homology.

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16
Q

The eyes of octopus and humans are examples of analogy. True/false

A

True

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17
Q

Flipper of dolphins and penguins are homologous organs. True/false?

A

False. Flippers of dolphins and penguins are analogous organs.

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18
Q

Is evolution a directed process in the sense of determinism?

A

No

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19
Q

Which was the original finch on Galapagos island?

A

Seed-eating finch

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20
Q

When more than one adaptive radiations have occurred in an isolated geographical area, it is called

A

Convergent evolution

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21
Q

Placental wolf and Tasmanian wolf show convergent evolution. True or false?

A

True

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22
Q

What are the two key concept of Darwinian Theory of Evolution?

A

Branching descent and natural selection

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23
Q

Which organism did Hugo deVries experiment on to bring forth the idea of mutations?

A

Evening primrose

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24
Q

How many factors are known to affect genetic equilibrium? Name them.

A 
Five factors-
Genetic drift
Mutation
genetic recombination
Natural selection
Gene migration/gene flow
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25
Q

If gene migration occurs multiple times, it is called

A

Gene flow

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26
Q

If gene flow occurs by chance, it is called

A

Genetic drift

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27
Q

Around what time were invertebrates formed and active?

A

500 mya

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28
Q

Around what time did jaw-less fishes evlolve?

A

350 mya

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29
Q

Around what time did sea weeds originate?

A

320 mya

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30
Q

Which were the first organisms to invade the land?

A

Plants

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31
Q

Which fishes evolved into amphibians?

A

Lobefishes

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32
Q

Around what time did some reptiles go back to water and evolve into fish like reptiles- Icthyosaurs?

A

200 mya

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33
Q

What was the height of Tyrannosaurus rex?

A

20 feet

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34
Q

Around what time did dinosaurs disappear?

A

65 mya

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35
Q

Around what time did Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus exist?

A

15mya

36
Q

Fossils found in Ethiopia and Tanzania revealed that human like primates were living around 3-4mya in Western Africa. True/false?

A

False. Fossils found in Ethiopia and Tanzania revealed that human like primates were living around 3-4mya in Eastern Africa.

37
Q

Australopithecines probably lived in Australian forests. True/false?

A

False. Australopithecines probably lived in East African grasslands.

38
Q

How did Australopithecines hunt and what did they eat?

A

Australopithecans hunted with stone weapons but essentially ate fruit.

39
Q

Which was the first human like hominid?

A

Homo habilis

40
Q

What was the brain capacity of Homo habilis?

A

650-800cc

41
Q

Did Homo habilis eat meat?

A

Probably not

42
Q

When did Homo erectus appear?

A

1.5 mya

43
Q

What was the brain capacity of Homo erectus?

A

900 cc

44
Q

Did Homo erectus eat meat?

A

Probably

45
Q

What was the brain capacity of Neanderthal man?

A

1400 cc

46
Q

Around which time did Neanderthal man exist?

A

1,00,000-40,000 years ago

47
Q

When did Homo sapiens arise?

A

During ice age between 75,000 -10,000 years ago

48
Q

Around which time did pre-historic cave art develop?

A

18,000 years ago

49
Q

Who gave the term evolution?

A

Herbert sanger

50
Q

When did universe originate according to big bang theory?

A

20 billion years ago

51
Q

Which was the first organic compound on earth?

A

Methane

52
Q

When did the first eukaryotic cell originate?

A

1.5 bya

53
Q

According to the theory of special creation, how old is the earth?

A

4000 years old

54
Q

Which Italian scientists proved the theory of biogenesis?

A

Redi, Spallanzani

55
Q

Which scietist conducted the swan neck experiment?

A

Pasteur

56
Q

What was the voltage applied to flask in Urey-Miller experiment?

A

75000 V

57
Q

What were the colloidal organic molecules discovered by Oparin called?

A

Coacervates

58
Q

What were the organic molecules discovered by Sydney Fox which showed budding called?

A

Microspheres

59
Q

Phylloclade of opuntia and leaves of other plants are examples of homology. True/false?

A

False. They are examples of analogy.

60
Q

Is canine tooth of humans vestigeal?

A

Yes

61
Q

Nipples in males are vestigeal. True/false?

A

True

62
Q

Rudimentary wings of flightless birds are vestigeal organs. True/false?

A

True

63
Q

What are the function of femur and pelvic girdle in python?

A

No function, they are vestigeal

64
Q

What is the maximum age of the fossils that can be detected by carbon dating?

A

100000 years old

65
Q

Which is the most accurate fossil dating method?

A

Electron spin resonance theory

66
Q

Name all the eras in chronological order.

A 
Archaeozoic era
Proterozoic era
Palaeozoic era
Mesozoic era
Coenozoic era
67
Q

Name the all the periods of Palaeozoic era in chronological order.

A 
Cambian
Ordovician
Sillurian
Devonian
Carboniferous
Permian
68
Q

Name all the periods of Mesozoic era in chronological order.

A

Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous

69
Q

Name the epochs of cenozoic era in chronological order (from oldest to recent).

A 
Palaeocene
Eocene
Oligocene
Milocene
Pliocene
Pleistocene
Holocene
70
Q

Most modern phyla were established in which period of time?

A

Cambrian period of Paleozoic era

71
Q

In which period did fishes originate?

A

Ordovician period of Paleozoic era

72
Q

Which period is known as the golden age of fishes?

A

Devonian period of Paleozoic era

73
Q

In which period did amphibians evolve?

A

Devonian period of Paleozoic era

74
Q

Amphibians dominated the earth in which period?

A

Carboniferous period of Paleozoic era

75
Q

In which period did dinosaurs become extinct?

A

Cretaceous period of Mesozoic era

76
Q

Name all ancestors of present day horses in chronological order.

A 
Eohippus
Mesohippus
Merychippus
Pliohippus
Equus (present day horse)
77
Q

What was the unit of evolution according to Darwin?

A

Species

78
Q

What is allopatric isolation?

A

Reproduction isolation due to geographical barrier

79
Q

What is sympatric isolation?

A

Reproductive isolation in the same geographical area but in different ecological niches.

80
Q

What is also called Sewall Wright’s effect?

A

Genetic drift

81
Q

What is the difference between the browridge of apes and humans?

A

Apes- prominent browridge

Humans- less prominent browridge

82
Q

Which organisms were the common ancestors of apes and man?

A

Dryopithecus

83
Q

Which organism is considered as the connecting link between humans and apes?

A

Australopithecus

84
Q

Which organism first discovered fire?

A

Homo erectus

85
Q

Java man and Peking man belong to which species?

A

Homo erectus

86
Q

Which organism is the direct ancestor of modern humans?

A

Cro-magnon man (Homo sapiens fossilis)

Biology NEET 2023 (39 decks)

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