XI: Chapter 9- Biomolecules Flashcards
Which is the most abundant organic molecule present in the protoplasm?
Protein
Name the three most abundant inorganic ions present in cell?
K>Na>Ca
Name the three most abundant inorganic ions in intracellular matrix.
K>P>Mg
Name the three most abundant inorganic ions in extracellular matrix.
Na>Cl>Ca
Which is the most abundant element in chloroplast?
Oxygen
Which metabolites are present in acid soluble pool?
Micromolecules
Which metabolites are present in acid insoluble pool?
Macromolecules
What is the weight of micromolecules?
Between 18 to 800 Daltons
What is the weight of macromolecules?
1000 Dalton
Are lipids found in acid soluble or insoluble pool?
Acid insoluble pool
What type of secondary metabolite is curcumin and vinblastin?
Drugs
What type of secondary metabolite is concanavalin A?
Pigment
What type of secondary metabolite is codein?
Alkaloid
What type of secondary metabolite is morphine?
Alkaloid
What type of secondary metabolite is abrin?
Toxin
Which is the simplest amino acid?
Glycine
Is alanine a neutral/basic/acid amino acid?
Neutral
Is valine a neutral/basic/acid amino acid?
Neutral
Is lysine a neutral/basic/acid amino acid?
Basic
Is arginine a neutral/basic/acid amino acid?
Basic
Is histadine a neutral/basic/acid amino acid?
Basic
How many essential amino acids are present?
9
What type of protein is caesin?
Phosphoprotein
Where is α-helix protein found?
Keratin of mammals, collagen
Where is β-helix protein found?
Keratin of reptiles and aves, silk fibre
Myoglobin protein has which type of structure (primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary)?
Tertiary level
Who gave the term lipid?
Bloor
What type of fatty acid is palmitic acid?
Saturated
What is MUFA?
Monounsaturated fatty acid
What type of fatty acid is oleic acid?
MUFA
What is PUFA?
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
How many carbon atoms are present in stearic acid?
18
How many carbon atoms are present in palmitic acid?
16
In what state are saturated lipids present at 25 C?
Solid
In what state are unsaturated lipids present at 25 C?
Liquid
How are waxes and true lipids different?
True lipids - esters of fatty acids with glycerol
Waxes- esters of fatty acids with (monohydroxy) alcohols other than glycerol
What are the components of lecithin?
One fatty acid of triglyceride is replaced by phosphocholine
What are steroids?
Steroids have lipid like properties but they do not fatty acids and ester bonds.
What is the parental structure of steroids?
Phenanthrene ring
Prostaglandins are derivatives of
Arachidonic acid
What act as carriers for fat soluble vitamins?
Lipids
Which metabolite form soft cushion around vital organs?
Lipids
Give example of a heteropolysaccharide?
Mucilage
WHat is the maximum number of carbons a monosaccharide can have?
7
In which optical form are all metabolically active sugar present?
D-form
What is used to detect glucose in urine?
Fehling’s test
What are the monomers of raffinose?
Galactose+ glucose+ fructose
What are the monomers of stachyose?
2 galactose+ 1 glucose+ 1 fructose
What is the sweetest organic compound?
Lugduname
What is the sweetest natural organic compound?
Thaumatin protein
How many minimum monosaccharides combine to form a polysaccharide?
10
Which compound is used to measure glomerular filteration rate?
Inulin
Cellulose is a polymer of
β-glucose
Which bond is present in cellulose?
β- 1,4 glycosidic bond
What is known as gun-cotton?
Nitrocellulose
What are the monomeric units of chitin?
N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)
What is the difference between Ribose and deoxyribose?
Ribose- OH group present at C2
Deoxyribose- OH group absent at C2
Name the purines found in DNA and RNA.
Adenine and guanine
Name the pyramidines found in DNA and RNA
Uracil, thymine, cytosine
Which carbon of pentose sugar forms bond with phosphate group in nucleic acids?
C5
Which carbon of pentose sugar forms bond with nitrogenous base in nucleic acids?
C1
How much energy is released by breaking of one phosphate bond of ATP?
7.3 kcal
Which two carbons of adjacent nucleotides form bond in nucleic acids?
C3 of one nucleotide and C5 of next nucleotide
At which end is phosphorous present in a nucleic acid?
5’ end
At which end in alcohol present in a nucleic acid?
3’ end
What is the length of one complete turn of DNA?
34 Å
What is the diametre of DNA?
20 Å
At which groove do the histones joine DNA?
Major groove
Which was the first discovered enzyme complex?
Zymase
Which was the first discovered enzyme?
Diastase
What is meant by turnover number of an enzyme?
Maximum number of conversions that can be brought about in a second by an enzyme.
Which is the slowest enzyme?
Lysozyme
What is the protein part of a conjugated enzyme called?
Apoenzyme
What is the non protein part of a conjugated enyme called?
Co-factor
What is a prosthetic group of an enzyme?
Tightly bound organic cofactor
What is a coenzyme?
Loosely bound organic cofactor
What is the buttressing site of an enzyme according to induced fit theory?
The site of attachment of substrate
What is the function of the catalytic site of an enzyme according to induced fit theory?
It breaks down old bonds and helps in formation of new bond
What is Michaelis constant?
THe amount of substrate which brings rate of reaction to half it’s maximum value
What happens to Vmax in case of competitive inhibition?
It remains the same.
What happens on increasing the concentration of substrate in competitive inhibition?
Product is formed. (Inhibition is reversible)
What happens to the Km value in competitive inhibition?
Km value increases.
Is non-competitive inhibition reversible?
No
What happens to the Vmax value of non competitive inhibition?
Vmax value decreases.
What happens to the Km value of enzyme in non competitive inhibition?
It remains the same.
Inhibition of succinate by fumerate is an example of which type of inhibtion?
Competitive inhibition
Effect of cyanide poisoning on cytochrome oxidaze enzyme is an example of which inhibition?
Non-competitive inhibition
What is a substance that binds to the enzyme and induces the enzyme’s inactive form called?
Allosteric inhibitor
What is a substance that inhibits the action of an enzyme by binding to the enzyme at a location other than the active site called?
Non competitive inhibitor
Which liquid should a plant/animal tissue be grinded in to chemically analyse it?
Trichloroacetic acid
What does the ash after burning a tissue contain?
Inorganic compounds
In which amino acid the variable group is hydroxymethyl?
Serine
How many carbons does arachidonic acid have?
20
What are monoterpenes and diterpenes?
Terpenoides
Which end in a polysaccharide chain is called reducing end?
Right end
Which end in a polysaccharide chain is called non reducing end?
Left end
What does the left end of an amino acid represent?
First amino acid
Which is the Nterminal of amino acid?
First amino acid
Which is the C terminal of amino acid?
Last amino acid
What is the normal concentration of glucose in blood in mMol?
4.5 -5.0 mMol
What is the prosthetic group in enzyme peroxidase and catalase?
Haem
Which vitamin forms NAD and NADP?
Niacin
Which metal ion is required as a cofactor for proteolytic enzyme carboxypeptidase?
Zn
