XI: Chapter 9- Biomolecules Flashcards
1
Q
Which is the most abundant organic molecule present in the protoplasm?
A
Protein
2
Q
Name the three most abundant inorganic ions present in cell?
A
K>Na>Ca
3
Q
Name the three most abundant inorganic ions in intracellular matrix.
A
K>P>Mg
4
Q
Name the three most abundant inorganic ions in extracellular matrix.
A
Na>Cl>Ca
5
Q
Which is the most abundant element in chloroplast?
A
Oxygen
6
Q
Which metabolites are present in acid soluble pool?
A
Micromolecules
7
Q
Which metabolites are present in acid insoluble pool?
A
Macromolecules
8
Q
What is the weight of micromolecules?
A
Between 18 to 800 Daltons
9
Q
What is the weight of macromolecules?
A
1000 Dalton
10
Q
Are lipids found in acid soluble or insoluble pool?
A
Acid insoluble pool
11
Q
What type of secondary metabolite is curcumin and vinblastin?
A
Drugs
12
Q
What type of secondary metabolite is concanavalin A?
A
Pigment
13
Q
What type of secondary metabolite is codein?
A
Alkaloid
14
Q
What type of secondary metabolite is morphine?
A
Alkaloid
15
Q
What type of secondary metabolite is abrin?
A
Toxin
16
Q
Which is the simplest amino acid?
A
Glycine
17
Q
Is alanine a neutral/basic/acid amino acid?
A
Neutral
18
Q
Is valine a neutral/basic/acid amino acid?
A
Neutral
19
Q
Is lysine a neutral/basic/acid amino acid?
A
Basic
20
Q
Is arginine a neutral/basic/acid amino acid?
A
Basic
21
Q
Is histadine a neutral/basic/acid amino acid?
A
Basic
22
Q
How many essential amino acids are present?
A
9
23
Q
What type of protein is caesin?
A
Phosphoprotein
24
Q
Where is α-helix protein found?
A
Keratin of mammals, collagen
25
Where is β-helix protein found?
Keratin of reptiles and aves, silk fibre
26
Myoglobin protein has which type of structure (primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary)?
Tertiary level
27
Who gave the term lipid?
Bloor
28
What type of fatty acid is palmitic acid?
Saturated
29
What is MUFA?
Monounsaturated fatty acid
30
What type of fatty acid is oleic acid?
MUFA
31
What is PUFA?
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
32
How many carbon atoms are present in stearic acid?
18
33
How many carbon atoms are present in palmitic acid?
16
34
In what state are saturated lipids present at 25 C?
Solid
35
In what state are unsaturated lipids present at 25 C?
Liquid
36
How are waxes and true lipids different?
True lipids - esters of fatty acids with glycerol
| Waxes- esters of fatty acids with (monohydroxy) alcohols other than glycerol
37
What are the components of lecithin?
One fatty acid of triglyceride is replaced by phosphocholine
38
What are steroids?
Steroids have lipid like properties but they do not fatty acids and ester bonds.
39
What is the parental structure of steroids?
Phenanthrene ring
40
Prostaglandins are derivatives of
Arachidonic acid
41
What act as carriers for fat soluble vitamins?
Lipids
42
Which metabolite form soft cushion around vital organs?
Lipids
43
Give example of a heteropolysaccharide?
Mucilage
44
WHat is the maximum number of carbons a monosaccharide can have?
7
45
In which optical form are all metabolically active sugar present?
D-form
46
What is used to detect glucose in urine?
Fehling's test
47
What are the monomers of raffinose?
Galactose+ glucose+ fructose
48
What are the monomers of stachyose?
2 galactose+ 1 glucose+ 1 fructose
49
What is the sweetest organic compound?
Lugduname
50
What is the sweetest natural organic compound?
Thaumatin protein
51
How many minimum monosaccharides combine to form a polysaccharide?
10
52
Which compound is used to measure glomerular filteration rate?
Inulin
53
Cellulose is a polymer of
β-glucose
54
Which bond is present in cellulose?
β- 1,4 glycosidic bond
55
What is known as gun-cotton?
Nitrocellulose
56
What are the monomeric units of chitin?
N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)
57
What is the difference between Ribose and deoxyribose?
Ribose- OH group present at C2
| Deoxyribose- OH group absent at C2
58
Name the purines found in DNA and RNA.
Adenine and guanine
59
Name the pyramidines found in DNA and RNA
Uracil, thymine, cytosine
60
Which carbon of pentose sugar forms bond with phosphate group in nucleic acids?
C5
61
Which carbon of pentose sugar forms bond with nitrogenous base in nucleic acids?
C1
62
How much energy is released by breaking of one phosphate bond of ATP?
7.3 kcal
63
Which two carbons of adjacent nucleotides form bond in nucleic acids?
C3 of one nucleotide and C5 of next nucleotide
64
At which end is phosphorous present in a nucleic acid?
5' end
65
At which end in alcohol present in a nucleic acid?
3' end
66
What is the length of one complete turn of DNA?
34 Å
67
What is the diametre of DNA?
20 Å
68
At which groove do the histones joine DNA?
Major groove
69
Which was the first discovered enzyme complex?
Zymase
70
Which was the first discovered enzyme?
Diastase
71
What is meant by turnover number of an enzyme?
Maximum number of conversions that can be brought about in a second by an enzyme.
72
Which is the slowest enzyme?
Lysozyme
73
What is the protein part of a conjugated enzyme called?
Apoenzyme
74
What is the non protein part of a conjugated enyme called?
Co-factor
75
What is a prosthetic group of an enzyme?
Tightly bound organic cofactor
76
What is a coenzyme?
Loosely bound organic cofactor
77
What is the buttressing site of an enzyme according to induced fit theory?
The site of attachment of substrate
78
What is the function of the catalytic site of an enzyme according to induced fit theory?
It breaks down old bonds and helps in formation of new bond
79
What is Michaelis constant?
THe amount of substrate which brings rate of reaction to half it's maximum value
80
What happens to Vmax in case of competitive inhibition?
It remains the same.
81
What happens on increasing the concentration of substrate in competitive inhibition?
Product is formed. (Inhibition is reversible)
82
What happens to the Km value in competitive inhibition?
Km value increases.
83
Is non-competitive inhibition reversible?
No
84
What happens to the Vmax value of non competitive inhibition?
Vmax value decreases.
85
What happens to the Km value of enzyme in non competitive inhibition?
It remains the same.
86
Inhibition of succinate by fumerate is an example of which type of inhibtion?
Competitive inhibition
87
Effect of cyanide poisoning on cytochrome oxidaze enzyme is an example of which inhibition?
Non-competitive inhibition
88
What is a substance that binds to the enzyme and induces the enzyme's inactive form called?
Allosteric inhibitor
89
What is a substance that inhibits the action of an enzyme by binding to the enzyme at a location other than the active site called?
Non competitive inhibitor
90
Which liquid should a plant/animal tissue be grinded in to chemically analyse it?
Trichloroacetic acid
91
What does the ash after burning a tissue contain?
Inorganic compounds
92
In which amino acid the variable group is hydroxymethyl?
Serine
93
How many carbons does arachidonic acid have?
20
94
What are monoterpenes and diterpenes?
Terpenoides
95
Which end in a polysaccharide chain is called reducing end?
Right end
96
Which end in a polysaccharide chain is called non reducing end?
Left end
97
What does the left end of an amino acid represent?
First amino acid
98
Which is the Nterminal of amino acid?
First amino acid
99
Which is the C terminal of amino acid?
Last amino acid
100
What is the normal concentration of glucose in blood in mMol?
4.5 -5.0 mMol
101
What is the prosthetic group in enzyme peroxidase and catalase?
Haem
102
Which vitamin forms NAD and NADP?
Niacin
103
Which metal ion is required as a cofactor for proteolytic enzyme carboxypeptidase?
Zn
