XI: Chapter 17- Breathing and gaseous exchange Flashcards
What are nasal conchae?
6 bony projections in the lateral wall of respiratory part
What works as an air conditioner for nose?
Conchae
Which bones form the conchae?
Maxilla, ethmoid and nasal bone
Internal nares open into
Nasalpharynx
How many cartilages are present in the larynx? Name them.
9 Thyroid Cricoid Arytenoid (paired) Corniculate/cartilage of Santorini (paired) Cuneiform cartilage (paired) Epiglottis
Which is the largest cartilage of larynx?
Thyroid cartilage
Which cartilage forms adam’s apple in males?
Thyroid cartilage
Which cartilage of larynx is C shaped?
Thyroid cartilage
Which cartilage of larynx is signet ring shaped?
Cricoid cartilage
Which cartilage of larynx is pyramid shaped?
Arytenoid cartilage
What is the shape of epiglottis?
Leaf shaped
Which cartilages in larynx are hyaline cartilage?
Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid
Which cartilages in larynx are elastic cartilage?
Cartilage of santorini, cuneiform cartilage, epiglottis
Vocal cords are attached to which cartilage ?
Arytenoid cartilage of larynx
What is the function of false vocal chords?
Provide moisture to true vocal chord
The anterior vocal chords are
False vocal chords
How many cartilage rings are present on trachea? What type of cartilage are they?
16-20 hyaline cartilage rings
At the level of which vertebrae does the trachea divide into bronchi?
5th thoracic
How are the right and left bronchus different?
Right- shorter, ventral
Left- longer, horizontal
How many secondary bronchii does the right bronchus divide into?
3
How many secondary bronchii does the left bronchus divide into?
2
How many right tertiary bronchii are present?
10
How many left tertiary bronchii are present?
8
Which is the conducting part of the respiratory tract?
From external nares upto terminal bronchiole
Incomplete cartilage rings are present in which part of respiratory tract?
Trachea to initial bronchiole
How many types of cells are present in alveoli of lungs?
Pneumocyte 1, pneumocyte 2 (clara cells) and dust cells
What is the function of pneumocyte 1?
Responsible for actual gaseous exchange with blood
What is the function of pneumocyte 2?
Produce surfactant to prevent collapsing of alveoli
What is the diametre of trachea?
2 cm
How many alveoli are present in one lung?
300 million
Ventrally, the lungs are protected by
Sternum and ribs
Dorsally, the lungs are protected by
Vertebrae and ribs
Laterally the lungs are protected by
Ribs
Posteriorly the lungs are protected by
Diaphragm
How many fissures are present in the right lung?
3 lobes, 2 fissures
How many fissures are present in the left lung?
1 fissure, 2 lobes
What covers the lungs?
Double layered pleura
Normal inhalation required the contraction of
Radial/phrenic muscles of diaphragm and 11 pairs of external intercostal muscles
What makes the lung expand along the anterior-posterior axis?
Diaphragm
What makes the lungs expand along the dorso-ventral axis
External intercostal muscles