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Biology NEET 2023 > XII: Chapter 13- Organisms and populations > Flashcards

XII: Chapter 13- Organisms and populations Flashcards

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1
Q

The study of interactions among organisms and between the organisms and its physical environment is called

A

Ecology

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2
Q

Tuna fishes are rare caught beyond the tropics. True/false?

A

True

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3
Q

What is the salt concentration in inland waters?

A

< 5 parts per thousand

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4
Q

What is the salt concentration in the sea?

A

30 to 35 parts per thousand

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5
Q

What is the salt concentration in hypersaline lagoons?

A

> 100 parts per thousand

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6
Q

Is only sexual reproduction considered as inbreeding in ecology?

A

In ecological studies even a group of individuals arising from asexual reproduction) (along with sexual reproduction is considered as a population.

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7
Q

WHat is the value of intrinsic rate of natural increase for the Norway rat?

A

0.015

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8
Q

What is the value of the intrinsic rate of natural increase for the flour beetle?

A

0.12

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9
Q

What was the intrinsic rate of natural increase for India in 1981?

A

0.0205

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10
Q

WHo showed that even a small growing animal like elephant could reach enormous numbers in the absence of checks?

A

Darwin

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11
Q

What percent of all insects are phytophagous?

A

25%

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12
Q

Which type of competition, according to Darwin was the potent force in organic evolution?

A

Interspecific competition

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13
Q

What did Connell’s field experiment show?

A

Larger and superior barnacle Balanus dominates the intertidal area and excludes the smaller barnacle Chthamalus

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14
Q

Are herbivores more affected by competition or carnivores?

A

Herbivores

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15
Q

In a mycorrhiza, what advantage does the plant give the fungi?

A

Fungi get high yielding carbohydrates from the plant

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16
Q

Who gave the term ecology?

A

Ernst Haeckel

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17
Q

Hexicology is equivalent to

A

Ecology

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18
Q

What does autecology mean?

A

Species ecology

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19
Q

What does synecology mean?

A

Community ecology/biocenology

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20
Q

What is the basic unit of ecological hierarchy?

A

Organism

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21
Q

Give the ecological hierarchy order.

A 
Biosphere
Biome
Landscape
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism
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22
Q

What is meant by edaphic factors?

A

Factors including physical and chemical properties of soil

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23
Q

What is the vertical temperature gradient over earth’s surface called? What is its value?

A

Lapse rate, 6.5 celsius/1000 meter elevation

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24
Q

What are megatherms?

A

Plants which live in very high temperature region. (Tropical rain forests)

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25
Q

What are mesotherms?

A

Plants which live in alternate high low temperatures (Tropical deciduous forests)

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26
Q

What are Microtherms?

A

PLants which live in low temperature regions (coniferous forests)

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27
Q

What are hekistotherms?

A

Plants which live in very low temperature regions (alpine vegetation)

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28
Q

The timing of seasonal activities of plants in relation to change in environmental conditions is called

A

Phenology

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29
Q

What is the value of solar constant?

A

5 cal/min/cm

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30
Q

What is ground fire?

A

Burning of grasses

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31
Q

What is surface fire?

A

Burning of shrubs

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32
Q

What is crown fire?

A

Burning of tall trees

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33
Q

In which zone do airplanes fly?

A

Stratosphere

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34
Q

Tropopause layer of atmosphere is present between

A

Troposphere and stratosphere

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35
Q

Which is the outer fringe of atmosphere?

A

Exosphere

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36
Q

How thick is the homosphere?`

A

100 km

37
Q

How thick is the heterosphere?

A

150km

38
Q

What is paedogenesis?

A

Process of formation of soil

39
Q

Alluvial soil is the soil

A

Brought by river

40
Q

What is the size of pigments in clay?

A

0.0002 to 0.002 mm

41
Q

What is the size of pigments in silt?

A

0.002 to 0.02mm

42
Q

What is the size of pigments in sand?

A

0.02 to 0.2 mm

43
Q

What is the size of pigments in gravel?

A

0.2 to 2mm

44
Q

What is the constitution of loamy soil?

A

20% clay + 40% silt + 40% sand

45
Q

What is the composition of clayey soil?

A

50% clay + 45% silt + 5% sand

46
Q

What is the composition of sandy soil?

A

80% sand + 10% silt + 10% clay

47
Q

Which is the A layer of soil

A

Top soil

48
Q

Which is the b layer of soil?

A

Subsoil

49
Q

Upto which layer of soil do roots penetrate?

A

B layer/subsoil

50
Q

Which is the C layer pf soil?

A

It has weathered rocks

51
Q

Tropical zone is present between which latitudes?

A

0 to 20

52
Q

Sub tropical zone is present vvetween which latitudes?

A

20 to 40

53
Q

Temperate zone is present between which latitude?

A

40 to 60

54
Q

What is the timber line?

A

Line above which woody trees are not found.

55
Q

Which trees are found in coniferous forests?

A

Pinus, deodat, cedrus

56
Q

Which trees are found in tropical rainforests?

A

Oak

57
Q

Which trees are found in tropical deciduous forests?

A

Sal teak

58
Q

What are the chapparals?

A

Mediterranean scrub forests

59
Q

Do rabbit aestivate?

A

Yes

60
Q

WHat are sister populations?

A

Different population of same kind of organisms which are found in different areas.

61
Q

Which age group is called pre reproductive age group?

A

0- 14

62
Q

Which age group is called post reproductive age group?

A

45+

63
Q

Physiological and biochemical processes by which an organism prepares for the cold weather is called

A

cold hardening

64
Q

Batesian mimicry is found in which butterflies?

A

Monarch butterfly and viceroy butterfly

65
Q

Mullerian mimicry is found in which butterflies?

A

Monarch butterfly and queen butterfly

66
Q

What type of hydrophyte is Ecchornia?

A

Non rooted free floating

67
Q

What type of hydrophyte is Utricularia?

A

Submerged non rooted

68
Q

What type of hydrophyte is nymphea?

A

Floating rooted

69
Q

What type of hydrophyte is Trapa?

A

Floating rooted

70
Q

What type of hydrophyte is vallisneria?

A

Submerged rooted

71
Q

What type of hydrophyte is Ranunculus?

A

Emergent rooted

72
Q

Which xerophytes are known as drought escapers?

A

Ephemerals

73
Q

Which xerophytes are known as drought resistant xerophytes?

A

Succulents

74
Q

Which xerophytic plants are true xerophytes?

A

Drought endurers (non succulent)

75
Q

WHat are psammophytes?

A

PLants which grow on sandy soil

76
Q

What is the difference between the root systems of drought endurers and drought escapers?

A

Drought endurers- Have a very well developed and deep root system
Drought escapers- Have a shallow root system

77
Q

Which plants have chalk glands?

A

Halophytes

78
Q

What is the difference between zoochory and zoophily?

A

Zoophily- pollination by animals

Zoochory- seed dispersal by animals

79
Q

The association between two species in which both are benefited but it is non obligatory is called

A

Proto-cooperation

80
Q

What is the relation between tick bird and rhinoceros?

A

Proto-cooperation

81
Q

WHat is the association between plover and crocodile?

A

Proto-cooperation

82
Q

What is the association between sea anemone and hermit crab?

A

Proto-cooperation

83
Q

What kind of parasite is Rafflesia?

A

It is a total root parasite.

84
Q

What type of parasite in sandalwood?

A

It is a partial root parasite.

85
Q

What type of parasite is cuscuta?

A

Total stem parasite

86
Q

What is allelopathy?

A

Plants secrete a chemical which inhibits the growth of other plants around it.

87
Q

What is the relationship between penicillium and streptomyces?

A

Ammensalism

88
Q

Which are the main plants found in prairies?

A

Grasses

Biology NEET 2023 (39 decks)

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