XI: Chapter 6- Anatomy of flowering plants Flashcards
1
Q
Who is the father of plant anatomy?
A
N. Grew
2
Q
What is epiblema?
A
Epidermis in root
3
Q
How many layers are present in plant epidermis?
A
Single layered
4
Q
What type of cells are present in epidermis of plant?
A
Parenchymatous cells
5
Q
Cuticle is absent in the epidermis of which plant part?
A
Root
6
Q
What is the difference between gaurd cells of monocots and dicots?
A
Dicot- bean shaped
Monocot- dumbbell shaped
7
Q
Describe the cell wall of gaurd cell.
A
Inner walls of gaurd cell are thick while the outer walls are thin.
8
Q
Piliferous layer is found in which part of a plant?
A
Root
9
Q
How many cells does a plant root hair have?
A
Unicellular
10
Q
How many cells does a trichome have?
A
Multicellular
11
Q
How many cells are present in scales of plant epidermis?
A
Multicellular
12
Q
What are fuzzy fibres of cotton made of?
A
Aerial hair (epidermal appendage)
13
Q
What are stinging hair in plants?
A
Hollow with siliceous tip, contain poison
14
Q
Which tissue system forms the major part of any plant system?
A
Cortex
15
Q
Which layer in plant tissue system acts as a heat screen?
A
Hypodermis
16
Q
How many layers are present in hypodermis of dicots?
A
3-4
17
Q
How many layers are present in hypodermis of monocots?
A
2-3
18
Q
Which cells are present in plant cortex?
A
Parenchymatous cells
19
Q
What is the main function of cortex of plants?
A
Storage of food
20
Q
Which layer is called biological checkpost in plants?
A
Root endodermis
21
Q
How many layers thick is endodermis of plant tissues?
A
Single layered
22
Q
Which layer in tissue system of stem is called starch sheath?
A
Endodermis
23
Q
Where do lateral branches arise from in roots?
A
Pericycle
24
Q
Pith/medulla is absent in
A
Monocot stem
25
Radial vascular bundles are present in
Roots
26
Conjoint vascular bundles are present in
Stems and leaves
27
What do you mean by bicollateral vascular bundle?
Xylem is surrounded by phloem on both sides.
28
Give an example of a plant having bicollateral vascular bundles.
Stem of cucrbitaceae
29
What is meant by hadrocentric vascular bundles?
Xylem and phloem are concentrically present, xylem being surrounded by phloem
30
What is meant by amphicribal vascular bundle?
Xylem and phloem are concentrically present, xylem being surrounded by phloem
31
What is meant by leptocentric vascular bundles?
Xylem and phloem are present concentrically, phloem being surrounded by xylem.
32
What is meant by amphivasal vascular bundle?
Xylem and phloem are present concentrically, phloem being surrounded by xylem.
33
What kind of vascular bundles do stems of gymnosperms have?
Conjoint open vascular bundles
34
What produces meristematic tissue (plants)?
Promeristem of the embryo
35
What is the shape of vegetative shoot meristem?
Conical/dome shaped
36
Who gave the tunica-corpus theory?
Schmidt
37
According to tunica corpus theory, how many layers are present in the tunica?
Single layered
38
According to the tunica corpus theory, what does the tunica form?
Tunica gives rise to protoderm which gives rise to epidermis.
39
A/t the tunica corpus theory, how do the tunica cells divide"?
Anticlinally
40
According to tunica corpus theory, how many layers are present in the corpus?
Many layers
41
According to tunica corpus theory, how do the corpus cells divide?
Periclinally
42
According to tunica corpus theory, what does the corpus form?
Ground tissue and procambium
43
Who gave the histogen theory?
Hanstien
44
How many types of tissues form the vegetative shoot apex?
Three- dermatogen, pleurone and periblem
45
What does the dermatogen form in plants?
Epidermis
46
What does the periblem form in plants?
Hypodermis, cortex and endodermis
47
What does the pleurone form in plants?
Vascular bundles, pith, pith rays
48
What are the intercalary meristems derived from?
Apical meristem
49
Which tissue help fallen stems of plants to become erect?
Intercalary meristem
50
What is the fate of intercalary meristem?
Gets fully used up in the formation of permanent tissue.
51
Which is the most abundant simple permanent tissue?
Parenchyma
52
Does parenchymatous tissue have intercellular spaces?
Yes
53
What is the cell wall of parenchymatous cell made of?
Cellulose
54
Do parencymatous cells have thin cell wall or thick?
Thin
55
What are prosenchyma?
Fibre like parenchymatous cells
56
What is the function of idioblast cells in plants?
Possess inclusion bodies having tannins, oils, crystals
57
What do the cell walls of collenchymatous cells possess?
Cellulose with thickening made of hemicellulose and pectin
58
Are intercellular spaces present in collenchyma?
No
59
Which cells form the living mechanical tissue is plants?
Collenchymatous cells
60
Can collenchymatous cells perform photosynthesis?
Yes
61
Which kind of thickenings are present in collenchyma with thickenings on tangential walls of the rectangular cellls?
Lamellate thickenings
62
Angular thickenings are found in which plants?
Tomato stem
63
Lamellate thickenings are found in which plants?
Stem of sunflower
64
Lacunate thickenings are found in which plants?
Cucurbit stem
65
What are sclerenchymatous cells with thick walls and pointed ends called?
Fibres
66
What are sclerechymatous cells with highly thickened walls and narrow lumen called?
Sclereids
67
What type of sclerenchymatous cells are found in seed coat of legumes?
Sclereids
68
Stone cells are found in which plants?
Grit of apple, pear
69
Macrosclereids are found in which plant?
Epidermal covering of legume seeds
70
Osteosclereids are found in which plant?
Epidermal covering of legume seeds
71
Astroscelreids are found in which plant?
Tea leaves
72
Which part of a plant is called wood?
Xylem
73
What is the conducting part of xylem called?
Hadrome
74
Who gave the term hadrome?
Haberlandt
75
What is the length of a tracheid?
5 to 6 mm
76
Are tracheids living?
No
77
Which element forms the major part of gymnosperm xylem?
Tracheids
78
What is the characteristic feature of angiosperm xylem?
Presence of vessels
79
What are xylem fibres made of ?
Sclerenchyma
80
Which xylem element helps in radial conduction of water?
Ray parenchymatous cells
81
Exarch condition is found in
Roots
82
Endarch condition is found in
Stem
83
What is also called bast in plants?
Phloem
84
What is the conducting part of phloem called?
Leptome
85
Do seive tube elements have cytoplasm?
Yes
86
What are called the RBC's of plant kingdom?
Seive tube elements
87
Do seive tube elements ever possess a nucleus?
Yes. Young seive tube elements possess a nucleus.
88
What type of cells are companion cells?
Parenchymatous cells
89
How are companion cells and seive tube elements connected?
Through pits in their common longitudinal walls.
90
Phloem parenchyma is absent in which plants?
Monocots
91
What are jute, flax and hemp fibres?
Phloem fibres
92
What are trichoblast cells in plants?
Cells which have root hair
93
What happens when root hair of plants die?
Epiblema becomes suberised
94
Barrel shaped endodermal cells are present in
Dicot roots
95
Single layered pericycle is present in which dicot root?
Sunflower
96
Multilayered pericycle is present in which dicot root?
Mulberry
97
What is the shape of xylem in dicot roots?
Star shaped
98
How many vascular bundles are present in a dicot root?
2 to 4
99
Which monocot root has single layered pericycle?
Maize
100
Which monocot root has multilayered pericycle?
Smilax
101
How many vascular bundles are present in maize?
20 to 30
102
How many vascular bundles are present in Pandanus?
100+
103
What is the hypodermis of dicot stem made of ?
Collenchymatous cells
104
Are intercellular spaces present in endodermis of dicots?
No
105
What is the pericycle of dicot stem made of?
Sclerenchyma
106
What is the characteristic feature of vascular bundles of dicot stem?
Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
107
Does pith have intercellular spaces in dicot stem?
yes
108
Only the lower epidermis is covered by cuticle in dicot leaf. True/False?
False. Both lower and upper epidermis are covered by cuticle in dicot leaves.
109
Which type of mesophyll cells lack intercellular spaces in dicot leaves?
Pallisade parenchyma
110
Which cells surround the vascular bundles in dicot leaves?
Bundle sheath cells
111
On which surface of leaf are bulliform cells present in grasses?
Adaxial surface
112
What forms bulliform cells?
Epidermal cells
113
What is stele in plants?
Pericycle+ xylem+ phloem+ pith+ pith rays
114
Which is the outermost layer of stele?
Pericycle
115
Eustele is present in
Dicot root, monocot root and dicot stem
116
Atactostele is present in
Monocot stem
117
Vascular cambium is formed between
Secondary xylem and secondary phloem
118
What is the science of estimating the age of trees called?
Dendrochronology
119
Which is formed on the innerside in an annual ring?
Spring wood
120
Which part of annual ring is narrower?
Autumn wood
121
Which part of annual ring is thicker?
Spring wood
122
Which part of annual ring is darker?
Autumn wood
123
Which part of annual ring has lower density?
Spring wood
124
Fibres are abundant in which part of annual ring?
Autumn wood
125
Tracheary elements are thickened in which part of annual ring?
Autumn wood
126
What is alburnum?
Sap wood
127
What is duramen?
Heart wood
128
WHat is lighter in colour: sapwood or heartwood?
sapwood
129
Tracheary elements are plugged by tyloses in heartwood or sapwood?
Heartwood
130
What is lighter in weight- sapwood/heartwood?
Sapwood
131
What is soft wood?
Gymnosperm wood
132
What is non porous wood?
Gymnosperm wood
133
Are xylem fibres abundant in softwood or hardwood?
Hard wood
134
What are tyloses?
Ingrowth of adjacent parenchymatous cells into xylem vessels.
135
Heartwood is absent in which dicot?
Poplar and willow
136
Which meristem occurs between mature tissues?
Intercalary meristem
137
Name a cylindrical meristem.
Lateral meristem
138
Examples of lateral meristems are
Fascicular and interfascicular meristem
139
Which simple tissue is found in patches in plants?
Collenchyma
140
What are the two main functions of xylem?
Conduction of water and minerals, providing mechanical support to plants
141
The thickenings of cell walls of tracheids are even. True/false?
False. They vary in form.
142
Tracheids are connected with each through interperforations in their walls. True/false?
False. Vessels are connected with each through interperforations in their walls.
143
Name the lignified tracheary element with wide cavity.
Vessels
144
Do xylem fibres have septa?
Xylem fibres maybe septate or aseptate.
145
Which cells in xylem are living?
Xylem parenchyma
146
In which form are food materials stored in xylem parenchyma?
Starch or fat
147
What is meant by endarch xylem?
Protoxylem lies towards the centre of the pit and metaxylem towards the periphery.
148
How are companion cells and seive tube elements connected?
Through pit fields in their common longitudinal walls.
149
What is the function of companion cells?
The companion cells help in maintaining pressure gradients in the seive tube elements.
150
What is the shape of the cells present in phloem parenchyma?
Elongated, tapering cylindrical cells which have dense cytoplasm and a nucleus
151
What does phloem parenchyma store?
Food material, resin and mucilage
152
What does xylem parenchyma store
Food material and tannins
153
Phloem fibres are generally absent in primary phloem but present in secondary phloem. True/ false?
True
154
Which type of phloem has wider seive tubes and which has narrower seive tubes?
Protophloem has narrow seive tubes while metaphloem has wider seive tubes.
155
Stomata forms a part of which tissue system?
Epidermal tissue system
156
What is the function of trichomes?
Trichomes help in preventing water loss due to transpiration.
157
Are intercellular spaces present in cortex?
Yes
158
Which walls of root endodermis has deposition of suberin?
Tangential and radial walls
159
What type cells are present in dicot root pericycle?
Parenchymatous cells
160
Where does the initiation of vascular cambium during secondary growth take place in dicot roots?
Pericycle
161
What is the difference between the walls of parenchymatous cells present in cortex and pericycle of dicot root?
Cortex- thin walled parenchymatous cells
| Pericycle- thick walled parenchymatous cells
162
Which cells are present in the conjuctive tissue in plants?
Parenchymatous cells
163
What does the epidermis of dicot stem bear?
Trichomes and a few stomata
164
Which is the innermost layer of cortex in plants?
Endodermis
165
How many layers is the cortex of a dicot stem divided into?
Three layers- hypodermis
Cortical layers
Endodermis
166
What provides mechanical support to young dicot stems?
Hypodermis
167
What type of cells are present in the cortical layers of dicot stems?
Rounded, thin walled parenchymatous cells with conspicuous intercellular spaces
168
How is pericycle distributed in dicot stems?
Pericycle is present as semi lunar patches of sclerenchyma.
169
Where are the medullary rays located in dicot stem?
Medullary rays are located between vascular bundles
170
What is the hypodermis of monocot stem made of?
Sclerenchymatous cells
171
What are the scattered vascular bundles of a monocot stem surrounded by?
Sclerenchymatous cells
172
Which cells are present in the ground tissue of monocot stems?
Parenchymatous cells
173
What is the difference between peripheral vascular bundles and central vascular bundles in a monocot stem?
Peripheral vascular bundles are smaller than central vascular bundles.
174
Where are water containing cavities present in a monocot stem?
Inside the vascular bundles
175
How are the palisade parenchyma located in a dorsiventral leaf?
Adaxially
176
How are bulliform cells different from adaxial epidermal cells?
Bulliform cells are large, empty and colourless.
177
Bulliform cells develop from
Adaxial epidermal cells
178
What difference is brought about in the vascular bundles in monocot and dicot leaves because of the veination?
Vascular bundles in a dicot leaf vary in size because of the varying size of veins in reticulate veination.
Vascular bundles of a monocot leaf are almost similar in size (except midrib vascular bundles) because of similar sized veins in parallel veination.
179
Which type of cambium is present in young dicot stems?
Intrafascicular cambium
180
Which develops first-intrafascicular cambium or interfascicular cambium?
Intrafascicular cambium
181
What develops into interfascicular cambium in stems?
Cells of medullary rays
182
On which side is the cambium more active in stems?
Inner side
183
Secondary medullary rays develop from
Cambium
184
What type of cells are present in the phellogen?
Narrow, thin walled and rectangular cells
185
WHat is also known as secondary cortex in plants?
Phelloderm
186
What type of cells are present in secondary cortex?
Parenchymatous cells
187
What forms lenticels?
Ruptured epidermal cells
188
What does the root vascular cambium originate from?
Tissue located just below phloem tissue, a portion of tissue of pericycle, just above the protoxylem
189
How are schizogenous cavities formed between cells?
By the separation of cell wall at point of contact
190
How are lysogenous cavities formed between cells?
By dissolution of some cells
191
How are schizolysogenous cavities formed between cells?
First start as schizogenous and later become lysogenous.
192
Which are the most common type of intercellular cavities in plants?
Schizogenous cavities
193
Dicot stems may bear trichomes and many stomata. True or false?
False.
| Dicot stems may bear trichomes and few stomata.
194
Which layer of dicot stem provides mechanical support to young stems?
Hypodermis (made of collenchyma )
