XII: Chapter 2- Sexual reproduction in flowering plants Flashcards
1
Q
In a flower, what is the proximal end o fthe filament attached to?
A
Thalamus or petal
2
Q
How many wall layers surround the microsporangium of an anther? Name them.
A
4- Epidermis, endothecium, middle layers and tapetum
3
Q
Which layers of microsporangium help in dehiscence of anther?
A
Epidermis, endothecium and middle layers
4
Q
Which cells are also known as pollen mother cell?
A
Cells of sporogenous tissue
5
Q
What represent the male gametophyte in angiosperms?
A
Pollen grain
6
Q
What is the diameter of a typical pollen grain?
A
25-50 μm
7
Q
What is the shape of generative cell of a pollen grain?
A
Spindle shaped
8
Q
How long does the viability of pollen grains last in cereals?
A
30 minutes
9
Q
What is the cavity of ovary called?
A
Locule
10
Q
Where is the placenta located in a flower?
A
Inside locule
11
Q
What are the megasporangia of flower?
A
Ovules
12
Q
How many ovules are found per ovary in wheat?
A
One
13
Q
What is the stalk through which the ovule in plants attaches to the placenta called?
A
Funicle
14
Q
Which is the basal part of the ovule?
A
Chalaza
15
Q
The female gametophyte of angiosperm is represented by
A
Embryo sac
16
Q
Where is the megaspore mother cell present in an ovule?
A
In the micropylar region of nucellus
17
Q
How many megaspore mother cells generally differentiate in an ovule?
A
One
18
Q
What is meant by monosporic development?
A
Three of the four megaspores formed from megaspore mother cell in an ovule degenrate, and only one functional megaspore develops into female gametophyte. This is known as monosporic development.
19
Q
The flowers of plants that never open are called
A
Cleistogamous flowers
20
Q
How many plant genera show water pollination?
A
30
21
Q
Where does the moth deposit its eggs in the Yucca plant?
A
In the locule of the ovary
22
Q
Is castor monoecious or dioecious?
A
Monoecious
23
Q
Pollen-pistil interaction refers to which event?
A
Events from deposition of pollen on the stigma to the entry of pollen tube into the ovule
24
Q
At which end of the ovule does the embryo develop?
A
Micropylar end
25
Arrange the following in the order of development:
| Heart-shaped embryo, proembryo, mature embryo, globular embryo
Proembryo
Globular embryo
Heart-shaped embryo
Mature embryo
26
Where is the root cap present in a dicot embryo?
Over the root tip
27
WHat is the root tip of dicot embryo called?
Radicle
28
What does the epicotyl of monocot embryo contain?
Shoot apex, leaf primordia, coleoptile
29
WHat is the fertilised ovule of plants called?
Seed
30
Is perisperm found in beet?
Yes
31
What is the percentage of moisture by mass of a dormant seed?
10-15%
32
The oldest recorded viable seed belongs to the plant
Lupinus arcticus
33
Apomixis is common in which plant family?
Asteraceae and families of grasses
34
What is amphimixis?
Sexual reproduction involving the fusion of two different gametes to form a zygote.
35
WHat is microsporophyll in angiosperms?
Stamen
36
Monothecous stamen is found in which family of plants?
Family Malvaceae
37
What do the inner walls of endothecium of microsporangium have?
α- cellulosic fibres
38
What do the radial walls of endothecium have?
Callose bands
39
How many layers are present in middle layers of microsporangium of plants?
1-3
40
What type of cells are present in middle layers of microsporangium of plants?
Parenchymatous cells
41
Which layer of microsporangium is ephemeral in nature?
Middle layers
42
Which wall layer is present in immature anther but not in mature anther?
Middle layers
43
What are the places where α- cellulosic fibres are absent in endothecium of microsporangium called?
Stomium
44
What is the significance of stomium?
These are the places where dehiscence of anther occurs
45
What is the significance of α- cellulosic fibres in endothecium of microsporangium ?
It makes the endothecium hygroscopic which leads to absorption of moisture and bursting of anther.
46
Which layer of microsporangium forms sporopollenin and pollen kit?
Tapetum
47
Which type of tapetum leads to the degeneration of middle layers because of absorption of all its food?
Amoeboid tapetum
48
Which type of tapetum formes proeubisch bodies?
Glandular tapetum
49
How are proeubisch bodies converted into eubisch bodies?
Proeubisch bodies are covered in sporopollenin to form eubisch bodies.
50
Where does the glandular tapetum release the eubisch bodies?
Inside the pollen chamber
51
Which substance attaches the microspores in a microspore tetrad together?
Callose
52
How does the callose layer of microspore tetrad dissolve?
By the callase enzyme secreted by tapetum
53
What type of microspore tetrad is found in monocots?
Tetrahedral
54
What type of microspore tetrad is found in most dicots?
Isobilateral
55
Name the different types of microspore tetrads?
Tetrahedral, isobilateral, decussate, t-shaped and linear
56
What is the exine of pollen grain made of?
Cutin and sporopollenin
57
Which layer of pollen grain forms the pollen tube?
Intine
58
What is the study of pollen grains called?
Palynology
59
What kind of development- ex-situ or in-situ is found in pollen grains?
In-situ development
[Pollen grains develop in pollen grains, that is in-situ]
60
What is the fertilisation in which pollen tube is formed called?
Siphonogamy
61
WHich plant has the longest pollen tube?
Maize
62
What is the pollen kit composed of?
Lipids and carotenoids
63
What is the colour of pollen kit?
Yellow
64
The generative cell of pollen grain has a large nucleus. True/false?
False
| The vegetative cell has a large nucleus while the generative cell has a small nucleus.
65
Pollinium is found in which family of plants?
Asclepiadaceae (eg- calotropis)
66
When all the pollen grains join together as in calotropis, what is the structure formed called?
Pollinium/translator apparatus
67
Hay fever is caused by
Ambrosia
68
Largest pollen grains belong to the plant
Mirabilis jalapa
69
Smallest pollen grain is found in the plant
Myocystis
70
Longest pollen grain is found in
Zostera
71
Hilum fuses with the main body of ovule to form
Raphe
72
What type of cells are present in nucellus of ovule?
Parenchymatous
73
What forms funicle and integuments of ovule?
Chalaza
74
What is the proliferation of the integumentary cells at the micropylar region in castor called?
Caruncle
75
How many integuments are found in the ovule of Santalum?
Zero
76
How many integuments are found in gamopetalae?
One
77
How many integuments are found in sunflower?
One
78
How many integuments are found in polypetalae?
Two
79
How developed is the nucellus of gamopetalae?
Poorly developed (tenuninucellate)
80
How developed is the nucellus of polypetalae?
Well developed (crassinucellate)
81
How developed is the nucellus of most monocots?
Well developed (crassinucellate)
82
In which type of ovule does the micropyle, chalaza and funicle lie in a straight line?
Orthotropous
83
Which type of ovule is found in most gymnosperms (on the basis of orientation)?
Orthotropous
84
Which is the most primitive type of ovule on the basis of orientation?
Orthotropous
85
Which type of ovule is found in polygonum (on the basis of orientation)?
Orthotropous
86
Which type of ovule rotates by an angle of 180° and bends along the funicle?
Anatropous
87
In which type of ovule does the micropyle lie close to the hilum?
Anatropous
88
Which type of ovule (on the basis of orientation) is found in legumes?
Anatropous
89
Which type of ovule curves more or less at a right angle?
Campylotropous
90
Which type of ovule (on the basis of orientation) is found in brassica?
Campylotropous
91
Which type of ovule turns at a right angle along the funicle?
Hemianatropous
92
Which type of ovule (on the basis of orientation) is found in Ranunculus?
Hemianatropous
93
In which type of ovule is the curvature of the ovule extremely pronounced and the embryo sac also becomes curved?
Amphitropous
94
Which type of ovule (on the basis of orientation) is found in Mirabilis jalapa?
Amphitropous
95
Which type of ovule turns 360° along the funicle?
Circinotropous
96
Which type of ovule (on the basis of orientation) is found in Euphorbia?
Circinotropous
97
The nucellus of ovule develops from
Placenta
98
Which is the first cell of female gametophyte?
Functional megaspore
99
When do the polar nuclei form the secondary nucleus?
When the pollen tube touches the embryo sac
100
Filiform apparatus is present in antipodal cells. True/false?
True
| But it is non functional
101
What type of embryo sac is found in oenothera?
4 celles and 4 nucleate
102
What are the cells found in embryo sac of oenothera?
Egg apparatus and 1 polar nucleus
103
What is monocliny?
Presence of both male and female sex organs in a flower
104
What is homogamy?
Maturation of male and female sex organs at the same time
105
Potato is dichogamous. True/false?
False.
| Potato is homogamous.
106
What is dichogamy?
Maturation of male and female sex organs at different times.
107
What is protandry in flowers?
Maturation of male sex organ before female sex organ
108
What is prepotency?
On the stigma, pollen grains of other plants (of same species) mature faster than pollen grains same plant
109
What is herkogamy?
Mechanical device which prevents self pollination
110
What is heterostyly?
Vast difference between length of style of carpel and filament of anther.
111
What is pollination by bats called?
Chireptoerophily
112
What is pollination by snakes called?
Ophiophily
113
What type of pollination if found in Cannabis?
Anemophily
114
What type of pollination is found in potamogeton?
Anemophily
115
What type of pollination is found in coconut and dates?
Anemophily
116
What type of pollination is found in bamboo and sugarcane?
Anemophily
117
Is anemophily a directional process?
No
118
In which type of pollination, pollen grains have specific gravity lower than water?
Hydrophily
119
In which type of pollination is the size of flowers and number of nectar glands maximum?
Ornithophily
120
Adansonia is pollinated by
Bats
121
Polysiphony is found in which family of plants?
Family malvaceae and family cucurbitaceae
122
What type of movement is shown by pollen tube?
Chemotropic movement
123
Where does the pollen tube enter the embryo sac in Betula and walnut?
Chalaza
124
Where does the pollen tube enter the embryo sac in cucurbits?
Integuments
125
Where does the pollen tube release the nuclei in embryo sac?
Cytoplasm of central cell
126
When does the vegetative nucleus of pollen grain degenerate?
When the pollen tube touches the embryo sac
127
How many nuclei are involved in double fertlization?
5 (2 nuclei of pollen grain, 1 nucleus of egg cell, 2 pollen nuclei)
128
What is the ploidy of endosperm in gymnosperms?
Haploid
129
What does the funicle form after fertilization in plants?
Stalk of seed
130
Testa of seed is formed from
Outer integument
131
Tegment of seed is formed from
Inner integument
132
Who is the father of Indian (plant) embryology?
P. Maheshwari
133
What type of fission is the first division in embryogenesis in dicot plants?
Transverse fission
134
Which cells are formed as a result of transverse fission in zygote in dicots?
Small apical cell and large basal cell
135
What does the apical cell in the two celled stage of dicot plant embryogenesis form in future?
Hypocotyl, shoot apical meristem, and cotyledons
136
What does the basal cell in the two celled stage of dicot plant embryogenesis form in future?
Hypophysis and suspensor
137
What type of divisions take place in two celled stage to form eight celled stage in embryogenesis in dicots?
Two rounds of longitudinal division, and one round of transverse division
138
What does the hypophysis of dicot embryo form?
Root cap
139
What is the function of suspensor in dicot embryo?
Absorbs food from endosperm through haustorial cell and transfers it to the embryo
140
What do the epibasal cells in octant stage of dicot embryo form in future?
Cotyledons and plumule
141
What do the hypobasal cells in octant stage of dicot embryo form in future?
Radicle and hypocotyl
142
Towards which side of embryonal axis is the sclutellum situated in monocot embryo?
Lateral side
143
What does the epiblast represent in a monocot embryo?
Rudiments of second cotyledon
144
In which seeds are the cotyledons thin and papery?
Albuminous/endospermic seeds
145
Can perisperm develop in endospermic seeds?
No
146
What is the type of germination in which cotyledons are pushed out of the soil by fast growth of hypocotyl called?
Epigeal germination
147
What is the type of germination in which cotyledons remain in the soil by fast growth of epicotyl called?
Hypogeal germination
148
What type of germination (hypogeal or epigeal) is found in most monocots?
Hypogeal germination
149
What type of germination (hypogeal or epigeal) is found in castor?
Epigeal germination
150
What type of germination (hypogeal or epigeal) is found in beans?
Epigeal germination
151
Is polyembryony commonly found in gymnosperms or angiosperms?
Gymnosperms
152
What is pseudopolyembryony?
Many embryos are formed from more than one embryo sac in an ovule
153
What is true polyembryony?
Many embryos are formed from a single embryo sac.
154
What is the ploidy of oosphere?
Haploid
| [oosphere= egg]
155
How many stamens are present in the flower of crotolaria?
10
