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Biology NEET 2023 > XI: Chapter 22- Chemical control and coordination > Flashcards

XI: Chapter 22- Chemical control and coordination Flashcards

1
Q

Who is known as the father of endocrinology?

A

Thomas addison

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2
Q

Epinephrin is a derivative of

A

Tyrosine (amino acid)

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3
Q

Melatonin is a derivative of

A

Tryptophan

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4
Q

Thyroxine is a derivative of

A

Tyrosine

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5
Q

Which hormones are short polypeptide hormone?

A

Oxytocin and ADH

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6
Q

Which hormones are long polypeptide hormones?

A

Insulin and glucagon

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7
Q

What type of hormone are FSH and LH

A

Glycoproteins

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8
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone is a

A

Protein

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9
Q

What type of hormone is follicle stimulating hormone?

A

Protein

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10
Q

Adrenal cortex homones are which type of hormones?

A

Steroids

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11
Q

Which germ layer did pitutary gland originate from?

A

Ectodermal

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12
Q

Which germ layer does adrenal medulla arise from?

A

Ectodermal

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13
Q

WHich germ layer do ovary and testis arise from?

A

Mesoderm

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14
Q

Which germ layer does adrenal cortex arise from?

A

Mesoderm

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15
Q

Which germ layer does thyroid gland arise from?

A

Endoderm

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16
Q

Which germ layer does parathyroid gland arise from?

A

Endoderm

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17
Q

Which hormones are rapidly acting?

A

Biogenic amines, protein hormones

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18
Q

The effects of which hormones are short lived?

A

Protein hormones, biogenic amines

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19
Q

Which hormones are slow acting but have long lasting effects?

A

Steroids, iodothyronins

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20
Q

Adenohypophysis consists of which lobes?

A

Pars distalis and pars intermidia

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21
Q

Neurohypophysis consists of which lobes?

A

Pars nervosa

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22
Q

Name the hormones secreted by pars distalis.

A 
Growth hormone
TSH
Adrenocoricotrophic hormone
Prolactin
Follicle stimulating hormone
LH
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23
Q

Name the hormones released by Pars intermedia

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

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24
Q

Name the hormones secreted by Pars nervosa

A

Oxytocin

Vasopressin

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25
Anterior pitutary is formed by
Adenohypophysis
26
What kind of control does hypothalamus have over anterior pitutary?
Indirect control
27
What kind of control does hypothalamus have over posterior pitutary?
Direct nerual regulation
28
Hormones in anterior pitutary are stored in
Herring's bodies
29
Melatonin is secreted by which gland?
Pineal gland
30
What effect does melatonin have on puberty?
Delays puberty
31
Which hormone is antagonistic to melanin?
Melatonin
32
What are the calcium deposits over the pineal gland called which appear at time of puberty?
Brain sand
33
Which is the largest endocrine gland?
Thymus
34
How many lobes does the thyroid gland have?
2
35
Which molecule is found in the colloid in thyroid follicles?
Thyroglobulin
36
Which tissue is present beneath the fibrous capsule of thyroid gland?
Loose areolar connective tissue (stroma)
37
T4 and T3 hormones are secreted by which cells?
Follicular cels
38
Thyrocalcitonin is secreted by which cell?
Parafollicular cells
39
Which is the only endocrine gland which stores its hormone in inactive state?
Thyroid gland
40
Which hormone is more potent- triiodothyronine or tetraiodothyronine?
triiodothyronine
41
How do T3 and T4 affect the number of mitochondria and ATP production?
the number of mitochondria and ATP production increase
42
How do T3 and T4 affect the heart rate and cardiac output?
The heart rate and cardiac output increase
43
Myxoedema is caused due to
Hypothyroidism in adulthood
44
Which is an autoimmune hypothyroidism disease?
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
45
Exophthalmic goitre is also called
Grave's disease
46
Grave's disease is caused due to
Hyperthyroidism
47
What effect does thyrocalcitonin have on blood calcium levels?
Blood calcium ion levels decrease
48
How many parathyroid glands are present in body?
4
49
Which are the main hormone producing cells on parathyroid gland?
Chief cells
50
How does parathyroid hormone affect blood calcium levels?
Increases blood calcium levels
51
Hyposecretion of thyrocalcitonin causes
Tetany
52
How many islets of langerhans are present in pancreas?
1-2 million
53
Which cells of pancreas release glucagon?
Alpha cells
54
WHich cells of pancreas release insulin?
beta cells
55
Which cells of pancreas release somatostatin?
Delta cells
56
What is the function of somatostatin secreted by delta cells of the pancreas?
Inhibits the secretions of alpha and beta cells of pancreas
57
What is the role of glucagon?
Increase blood sugar level, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis
58
What is the target organ of glucagon?
Liver and adipose tissue
59
What is the role of insluin?
Decreases blood glucose level
60
What happens in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus?
Target receptors become insensitive to insulin
61
What is the location of adrenal gland?
Anterior surface of kidney
62
How many zones does the adrenal cortex have?
Zona glomerulosa Zona fasciculata Zona reticularis
63
Mineralocorticoids are secreted by
Zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex
64
Glucocorticoids are secreted by
Zona fasciculata of adrenal cortex
65
Sex corticoids are secreted by
Zona reticularis of adrenal cortex
66
Which hormone is secreted by zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex?
ALdosterone
67
Which hormone is secreted by zona fasciculata of adrenal cortex?
Cortisol
68
Which hormone is secreted by Zona reticularis of adrenal cortex?
Gonadotrophins
69
What is the function of cortisol?
Hyperglycemic
70
How does cortisol act as an immunosuppressant agent?
By decreaseing lymphocyte formation in lymphoid tissue
71
Hypersecretion of aldosterone causes
Conn's disease or aldosteronism
72
What happens to blood pressure in aldosteronism?
Blood pressure increases
73
Hypersecretion of cortisol leads to which disease?
Cushing's syndrome
74
What happens in hypersecretion of sex corticoids?
Females-adrenal virilism | Males- gynacomastia
75
What is Addison's disease?
Hyposecretion of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
76
Which hormones are released by adrenal medulla?
Adrenalin, noredrenalin
77
Which hormones are known as love hormone?
Estrogen and prolactin
78
Which hormone is responsible for metamorphosis in frog?
Thyroid hormone
79
What are the neurosecretory cells of hypothalamus which secrete hormones called?
Nuclei
80
Hypothalmic hormones reach pitutary gland through
Portal circulatory system
81
How are the two lobes of thyroid gland connected?
Through thin connective tissue, isthmus
82
What are the symptoms of Addison's disease?
Fatigue and acute weakness
83
Which hormones are commonly known as catacholamines?
Adrenaline, norepinephrine
84
Which hormone of adrenal gland has anti inflammatory response?
Cortisol
85
Which hormone is associated with milk secretion and formation?
Prolactin

Biology NEET 2023 (39 decks)

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