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Biology NEET 2023 > XI: Chapter 22- Chemical control and coordination > Flashcards

XI: Chapter 22- Chemical control and coordination Flashcards

1
Q

Who is known as the father of endocrinology?

A

Thomas addison

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2
Q

Epinephrin is a derivative of

A

Tyrosine (amino acid)

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3
Q

Melatonin is a derivative of

A

Tryptophan

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4
Q

Thyroxine is a derivative of

A

Tyrosine

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5
Q

Which hormones are short polypeptide hormone?

A

Oxytocin and ADH

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6
Q

Which hormones are long polypeptide hormones?

A

Insulin and glucagon

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7
Q

What type of hormone are FSH and LH

A

Glycoproteins

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8
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone is a

A

Protein

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9
Q

What type of hormone is follicle stimulating hormone?

A

Protein

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10
Q

Adrenal cortex homones are which type of hormones?

A

Steroids

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11
Q

Which germ layer did pitutary gland originate from?

A

Ectodermal

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12
Q

Which germ layer does adrenal medulla arise from?

A

Ectodermal

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13
Q

WHich germ layer do ovary and testis arise from?

A

Mesoderm

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14
Q

Which germ layer does adrenal cortex arise from?

A

Mesoderm

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15
Q

Which germ layer does thyroid gland arise from?

A

Endoderm

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16
Q

Which germ layer does parathyroid gland arise from?

A

Endoderm

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17
Q

Which hormones are rapidly acting?

A

Biogenic amines, protein hormones

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18
Q

The effects of which hormones are short lived?

A

Protein hormones, biogenic amines

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19
Q

Which hormones are slow acting but have long lasting effects?

A

Steroids, iodothyronins

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20
Q

Adenohypophysis consists of which lobes?

A

Pars distalis and pars intermidia

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21
Q

Neurohypophysis consists of which lobes?

A

Pars nervosa

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22
Q

Name the hormones secreted by pars distalis.

A 
Growth hormone
TSH
Adrenocoricotrophic hormone
Prolactin
Follicle stimulating hormone
LH
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23
Q

Name the hormones released by Pars intermedia

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

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24
Q

Name the hormones secreted by Pars nervosa

A

Oxytocin

Vasopressin

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25
Q

Anterior pitutary is formed by

A

Adenohypophysis

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26
Q

What kind of control does hypothalamus have over anterior pitutary?

A

Indirect control

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27
Q

What kind of control does hypothalamus have over posterior pitutary?

A

Direct nerual regulation

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28
Q

Hormones in anterior pitutary are stored in

A

Herring’s bodies

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29
Q

Melatonin is secreted by which gland?

A

Pineal gland

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30
Q

What effect does melatonin have on puberty?

A

Delays puberty

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31
Q

Which hormone is antagonistic to melanin?

A

Melatonin

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32
Q

What are the calcium deposits over the pineal gland called which appear at time of puberty?

A

Brain sand

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33
Q

Which is the largest endocrine gland?

A

Thymus

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34
Q

How many lobes does the thyroid gland have?

A

2

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35
Q

Which molecule is found in the colloid in thyroid follicles?

A

Thyroglobulin

36
Q

Which tissue is present beneath the fibrous capsule of thyroid gland?

A

Loose areolar connective tissue (stroma)

37
Q

T4 and T3 hormones are secreted by which cells?

A

Follicular cels

38
Q

Thyrocalcitonin is secreted by which cell?

A

Parafollicular cells

39
Q

Which is the only endocrine gland which stores its hormone in inactive state?

A

Thyroid gland

40
Q

Which hormone is more potent- triiodothyronine or tetraiodothyronine?

A

triiodothyronine

41
Q

How do T3 and T4 affect the number of mitochondria and ATP production?

A

the number of mitochondria and ATP production increase

42
Q

How do T3 and T4 affect the heart rate and cardiac output?

A

The heart rate and cardiac output increase

43
Q

Myxoedema is caused due to

A

Hypothyroidism in adulthood

44
Q

Which is an autoimmune hypothyroidism disease?

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

45
Q

Exophthalmic goitre is also called

A

Grave’s disease

46
Q

Grave’s disease is caused due to

A

Hyperthyroidism

47
Q

What effect does thyrocalcitonin have on blood calcium levels?

A

Blood calcium ion levels decrease

48
Q

How many parathyroid glands are present in body?

49
Q

Which are the main hormone producing cells on parathyroid gland?

A

Chief cells

50
Q

How does parathyroid hormone affect blood calcium levels?

A

Increases blood calcium levels

51
Q

Hyposecretion of thyrocalcitonin causes

52
Q

How many islets of langerhans are present in pancreas?

A

1-2 million

53
Q

Which cells of pancreas release glucagon?

A

Alpha cells

54
Q

WHich cells of pancreas release insulin?

A

beta cells

55
Q

Which cells of pancreas release somatostatin?

A

Delta cells

56
Q

What is the function of somatostatin secreted by delta cells of the pancreas?

A

Inhibits the secretions of alpha and beta cells of pancreas

57
Q

What is the role of glucagon?

A

Increase blood sugar level, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis

58
Q

What is the target organ of glucagon?

A

Liver and adipose tissue

59
Q

What is the role of insluin?

A

Decreases blood glucose level

60
Q

What happens in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus?

A

Target receptors become insensitive to insulin

61
Q

What is the location of adrenal gland?

A

Anterior surface of kidney

62
Q

How many zones does the adrenal cortex have?

A

Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis

63
Q

Mineralocorticoids are secreted by

A

Zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex

64
Q

Glucocorticoids are secreted by

A

Zona fasciculata of adrenal cortex

65
Q

Sex corticoids are secreted by

A

Zona reticularis of adrenal cortex

66
Q

Which hormone is secreted by zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex?

A

ALdosterone

67
Q

Which hormone is secreted by zona fasciculata of adrenal cortex?

68
Q

Which hormone is secreted by Zona reticularis of adrenal cortex?

A

Gonadotrophins

69
Q

What is the function of cortisol?

A

Hyperglycemic

70
Q

How does cortisol act as an immunosuppressant agent?

A

By decreaseing lymphocyte formation in lymphoid tissue

71
Q

Hypersecretion of aldosterone causes

A

Conn’s disease or aldosteronism

72
Q

What happens to blood pressure in aldosteronism?

A

Blood pressure increases

73
Q

Hypersecretion of cortisol leads to which disease?

A

Cushing’s syndrome

74
Q

What happens in hypersecretion of sex corticoids?

A

Females-adrenal virilism

Males- gynacomastia

75
Q

What is Addison’s disease?

A

Hyposecretion of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids

76
Q

Which hormones are released by adrenal medulla?

A

Adrenalin, noredrenalin

77
Q

Which hormones are known as love hormone?

A

Estrogen and prolactin

78
Q

Which hormone is responsible for metamorphosis in frog?

A

Thyroid hormone

79
Q

What are the neurosecretory cells of hypothalamus which secrete hormones called?

80
Q

Hypothalmic hormones reach pitutary gland through

A

Portal circulatory system

81
Q

How are the two lobes of thyroid gland connected?

A

Through thin connective tissue, isthmus

82
Q

What are the symptoms of Addison’s disease?

A

Fatigue and acute weakness

83
Q

Which hormones are commonly known as catacholamines?

A

Adrenaline, norepinephrine

84
Q

Which hormone of adrenal gland has anti inflammatory response?

85
Q

Which hormone is associated with milk secretion and formation?

Biology NEET 2023 (39 decks)

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