XI: Chapter 5: Morphology of flowering plants Flashcards
What are binneal plants?
Binneal plants complete their life cycle in two growing seasons.
First season: vegetatice growth
Second season: reproductive growth
What is a woody climber called?
Liana
Give an example of a liana?
Bauhinia
Are nodes present in roots?
No
What is the length of a root hair?
1 to 6 cm
What is the length of zone of elongation?
4 to 8 mm
What is the length of meristematic zone?
1 to 2 mm
Which zone of root makes it increase in length?
Zone of elongation
What type of cells are present in the root cap?
Parenchymatic cells
Radicle buds are found in
Sweet potato, dahalia
What is calyptra?
Root cap
What forms the calyptra in plant roots?
Calyptrogen
What is the function of root pockets?
Help plant in floating
Which plant has stilt roots with root pockets?
Pandanus (screw pine)
Root cap is absent in
Hydrophytes
Tuberous root (tap root) is found in
Mirabilis jalapa
Buttress root are found in
Peepal
Which type of adventitious roots are found in banyan?
Prop/pillar roots
Name the adventitious roots found in sugarcane and maize.
Stilt roots
Climbing roots arise from which part of plant?
Stem
Prop roots arise from
Stem branch
Stilt roots arise from
Nodes
Tuberous adventitious root is present in
Sweet potato
What root modification is found in grapes?
Beaded/monoliform adventitious roots
Fasciculated roots are found in
Dahalia, asparagus
What root modification is found in mango ginger?
Nodulated adventitious roots
Palamate roots are found in
Orchids
Contractile roots are found in
Saffron
Root thorns are found in
Acanthorrhiza
Assimilatory roots are found in
Trapa, tinospora
Haustorial roots are present in
Dodder (cuscuta)
Hygroscopic roots are also known as
Epiphytic roots
Which plant has hollow stem
Banana
Which plant has the largest bud?
Brassica oleracea capitata
What are true buds?
True buds arise at the nodes of stem
Where do cauline buds arise from?
Arise from any part of stem other than the node
What are accessory buds?
Arise from either sides of axillary buds
Bulbils are modification of
buds
What is the role of bulbils?
Help in perennation
What are the fleshy buds found in aquatic plant which help in perennation called?
Turions
Turions are found in
Utricularia and potamogeton
Bud tendrils are found in
Cucumber, pumpkin, watermelon, grapevine
Stem tendrils are found in
Cucurbits and passiflora
Stem thorns are present in
Citrus
Cylindrical phylloclade is found in
Euphorbia
Which is the rose-end of potato?
The end with many eyes
Which is the heel end of potato?
The end with less eyes
What stem modification is present in a banana?
Rhizome
Which is larger: rhizome or corm?
Corm
Simple bulbs are found in
Lily, gladolias
Tunicated bulbs are found in
Onion, garlic
Which stem modification is found in chrysanthemum?
Sucker
Which stem modification is found in strawberry?
Runner
Stolons are found in
Jasmine and mint
what stem modication is found in pineapples?
Sucker
What is a caudex?
Cylindrical and large unbrached stem with crown of leaves
Caudex is found in
Date palm, coconut
What happens to the stem in a culm?
It is hollow
Culm is found in
Bamboo
What type of unbranched stem does an onion have?
Scape
Which plant has the largest leaves?
Victoria regia
In what manner are leaves arranged in a plant?
Acropetal
What is also called hypopodium?
Leaf base
What is also called mesopodium in a leaf?
Leaf stalk/Petiole
What is also called epipodium?
Lamina of leaf
What is pulvinus?
Swollen leaf base in legumes
What is the petiole of a compound leaf called?
Rachis
What are membranous leaf like structures present on the sides of petiole called?
Stipule
What is the time interval between two leaves called?
Plastochrome
What are the first formed leaves of a plant called?
Prophyll
What type of leaves come out of the soil with the first formed leaves of a plant?
Cotyledonary leaves
What are membranous, brown, scaly, dry and sessile leaves called?
Cataphylls
What are the leaves found on the axil of a flower called?
Bracts
What is a tongue shaped leaf covering the leaf base and stem called?
Ligule
What areleaf-like structures present on the leaf base called?
Stipules
Where are bracteoles present?
Between bracts and flower
What is phyllotaxy?
Arrangement of leaves on stem
Opposite phyllotaxy is found in?
Guava and calotropis
Alternate phyllotaxy is found in
China rose, mustard and sunflower
Sprial phyllotaxy is also known as
Alternate phyllotaxy
How are leaves arranged in deccusate phllotaxy?
Leaves are arranged at right angles to each other
What is an example of deccusate phyllotaxy?
Tulsi
What type of leaves are found in silk cotton?
Palamately compound leaves
What leaf modification is found in Parkinsonia?
Phyllode
Leaf hooks are found in
Begonia
Whole leaf is modified into tendril in
Wild pea
In sweet pea, tendril are formed from
Upper part of leaf
Rachis is modified into tendril in
Clematis
What is the axis of of inflorescence called?
Peduncle
What is the axis of a flower called?
Pedicel
Receptacle of flower is a modification of
Peduncle
How are flowers arranged in a racemose inflorescence?
Acropetally and centripetally
Which inflorescence has indeterminates/indefinite growth?
Racemose
Raceme is found in
Larkspur
Which inflorescence is found in mustard?
Corymbose
Which inflorescence is found in mulberry
Catkin
Spadix inflorescence is found in
Colocasia
Which inflorescnce is found in sunflower?
Capitulum
How are flowers arranged in a cymose inflorescence?
Basipetally and centrifugally
Scorpioid cyme is found in
Rananculus
Helicoid cyme is found in
Begonia
Inflorescence found in oats is
Panicle of spikelets
Inflorescence found in wheat is
Spike of spikelets
Mixed spadix inflorescence is found in
Banana
Hypanthodium is found in
Ficus
What is the shape of receptacle in ficus?
Flask shaped
Where are female flowers located in hypanthodium inflorescence?
Towards the base
Where are male flowers located in hypanthodium inflorescence?
Towards the pore
What kind of inflorescence is found in Tulsi?
Verticellaster
What kind of inflorescence is found in euphorbia?
Cyathium
Which inflorescences look like flowers?
Capitulum and cyathium
How many female flowers are persent in cyathium inflorescence?
Large single female flower
What is a perfect flower?
Bisexual flower
What is an imperfect flower?
Unisexual flower
What is neuter flower?
Flower with both male and female whorls absent.
What is the example of neuter flower?
Ray florets of sunflower
What is a monochlamydous flower?
Flower with perianth
Which flower is asymmetrical?
Canna
Which type of ovary is found in plums?
Perigynous
Which type of ovary is found in guava and cucumber?
Epigynous
Cauducous sepals are found in
Poppy
Persistant calyx is found in
Tomato, chilli, brinjal
Pappus is found in
Family compositae
What is the function of pappus?
Air dispersal
What are pappus formed from?
Calyx
Epicalyx is found in family
Malvaceae and rosaceae
What kind of aestivation is found in calotropis?
Valvate
What kind of aestivation is found in china rose?
Twisted
Imbricate aestivation is found in
gulmohar
Kidney shaped anther is present in
China rose
S-shaped anther is present in
Family cucurbitaceae
What do cohesion and adhesion refer to in anthers?
Cohesion- stamen attached to each other
Adhesion- Stamen attached to other whorls
Monoadelphous stamens are present in
Hibiscus
Diadelphous stamens are present in
Pea
Polyadelphous stamens are present in
Citrus
Epipetalous stamens are found in
Cucurbitaceae, solanaceae
Gynandrous stamens are present in
Calotropis
Diadynamous stamens are present in
Tulsi, Salvia
Tetradynamous stamens are present in
Mustard
How many short and long stamens are present in tetradyanmous condition?
Inner four long, outer two short
What is heterostomany? Give an example.
Heterostomany is presence of numerous stamens of different lengths. Eg- cassia
What forms the fruit after fertilisation?
Ovary
Apocarpous condition is found in
Lotus and rose
Syncarpous condition is found in
Tomato, mustard
Axile placentation is found in
Tomato hibiscus
Parietal placentation is found in
Mustard and argemone
Free central placentation is found in
Dianthus and primrose
Basal placentation is found in
Sunflower and marigold
Perisperm develops from nucellus in which kind of seeds?
Non endospermous
Where is food stored in non endospermic seeds?
Cotyledons
Which is the outermost layer of a dicot seed?
Testa
Where is micropyle located?
Above hilum
How many layers does the seed coat of monocot seed have?
One (testa)
What is the poidy of aleurone layer?
Triploid
What aspect of a flower can be shown in a floral formula but not in a floral diagram?
Position of ovary
What aspect of a flower can be shown in a floral diagram but not in a floral formaula?
Position of mother axis
What is the phyllotaxy of leaves in family Fabaceae?
Alternate
What veination is found in family Fabaceae?
Parallel veination
What is the inflorescence in family Fabaceae?
Racemose
What is the aestivation of calyx in family Fabaceae?
Imbricate
What is the fruit of family Fabaceae called?
Legume
What type of seeds are present in family Fabaceae?
Non-endospermous
Indigo belongs to family
Fabaceae
What kind of phyllotaxy is found in family Solanaceae?
Alternate
What kind of inflorescence is found in family solanaceae?
Solitary, axillary, cymose
What is the aestivation of calyx and corolla in family Solanceae?
Valvate
Which floral whorl are the stamens of family solanaceae attached to?
Corolla
What placentation is found family solanaceae?
Axile
What type of fruit is found in family Solanaceae?
Berry/capsule
What type of seeds are present in family Solanaceae?
Endospermous
Bracts are present in which family?
Liliaceae
What type of inflorescence is found in family Liliaceae?
Cymose
What is the aestivation of calyx of family Liliaceae?
Valvate
What type of fruit is present in family Liliaceae?
Capsule and rarely berry
What type of seeds are found in family liliaceae?
Endospermic
WHat is the aestivation of calyx of family brassicaceae?
Imbricate
What type of seed is found in family brassicaceae?
Endospermic
What is the scientific name cauliflower?
Brassica oleracea botrytis
Synthesis of plant growth regulators is a function of root system. True/Flase.
True
Which cells form the root hair?
Epidermal cells
What part of zaminkand modifies to store food?
Stem
What does the axillary bud form on maturation?
Branch
In which plants does the leaf base expand into a sheath covering the stem partially or wholly?
Monocots
Where is the placenta situated in marginal placentation?
Placenta is situated along the ridge forming a ventral suture
How many rows do the ovules born on the ridge in a marginal placentation form?
Two
What kind of placentation is found in china rose?
Axile
Where do the ovules develop in parietal placentation?
On inner wall of ovary
Where are ovules borne in a free central placentation?
On central axis
What kind of ovary forms a drupe?
Monocarpellary superior ovary
WHat is the ediple part of coconut?
seed
Give the example of a monocot seed which is non endopsermic?
Orchids
What is the nature of seed coat of monocot seeds?
Membranous, fused with fruit wall
Fabaceae is the subfamily of family
Leguminaceae
How many styles are present in plants of family fabaceae?
One
Name all the different types of indehiscent dry fruits.
Achenes Caryopsis Cypsela Nut Samara Schizocarpic fruits
Name all types of dehiscent dry fruits.
Follicle
Legume
Siliqua
Capsule
Name all types of fleshy fruits.
Drupe Berry Pome Pepo Hesperidium
A dry indehiscent one-seeded fruit from a superior simple pistil where the seed coat is separable from the pericarp is called
Achene
A dry indehiscent one-seeded fruit from a superior simple pistil where the seed coat and pericarp are inseparably united, is called
Caryopsis
A one-seeded dry indehiscent fruit from an inferior bicarpellary pistil is called
Cypsela
A one-seeded fruit from a superior bi- or polycarpellary pistil with tough and woody pericarp is called
Nut
A fruit with a pair of winged outgrowths is called
Samara
A dry indehiscent fruit from inferior bicarpellary pistil. After ripening the two one-seeded parts separate and remain attached to an axis. What is the fruit called?
Schizocarpic fruit
a dry dehiscent fruit from a monocarpellary pistil which dehisces by one suture only, along the ventral suture is called
Follicle
A many-seeded fruit from a monocarpellary pistil which dehisces by both the sutures, ventrally and dorsally from apex to base is called
Legume
a dry dehiscent many-seeded fruit from a superior bicarpellary pistil which dehisces from the base upwards is called
Siliqua
What is the false partition wall in siliqua called
Replum
a dry many- chambered fruit from a polycarpellary pistil which dehisces by splitting into a number of parts is called
Capsule
a fleshy fruit, usually many-seeded, from a simple or compound pistil where stony endocarp is lacking and seeds remain freely in the pulp is called
Berry
a false fleshy fruit from syncarpous pistil surrounded by thalamus, which forms the main edible part of the fruit is called
Pome
a many-chambered fruit from a syncarpous pistil where epicarp and mesocarp unite to form the separable rind. Many juicy hairs develop from the pericarp, which constitute the edible part of the fruit. This fruit is called
Hesperidium
a multiple fruit from an inflorescence spadix with fleshy axis is called
Sorosis
A fruit that develops from the special inflorescence, hypanthodium with fleshy hollow receptacle is called
Syconus
