XI: Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom Flashcards
Which level of body organisation do Platyelminthes show?
Organ level
In which phylum did organ system level body organisation first appear?
Aschelminthes
What is present between the ectoderm and endoderm of Coelenterates?
Mesoglea
In most animals, what is coelom lined by?
Mesoderm
How is the mesoderm present in animals which do not have mesoderm lined coelom?
Mesoderm is present as pouches between ectoderm and endoderm. (pseudocoelom)
Which phylum of animals is acoelomate?
Platyhelminthes
What is the transport system of porifera called?
Water canal system
What are the minute pores on body of porifera called?
Ostia
From where does the water exit in porifera?
Osculum
What lines the spongocoel and canals in porifera?
Choanocytes
What type of digestion is present in poriferans?
Intracellular
What type of fertilisation is found in sponges?
Internal and indirect
Name a freshwater sponge.
Spongilla
Which sponge is called the bath sponge?
Euspongia
Which is a symmetrical sponge?
Sycon
Which cells are present on the tentacles of coelenterates?
Cnidoblast
What is the stinging capsule in coelenterates called?
Nematocyst
Where is the stinging capsule present in coelenterates?
Cnidoblast
What is the gastrovascular cavity of coelenterates called?
Hypostoma
What type of digestion is found in coelenterates?
Intracellular and extracellular
What is the skeleton of corals formed of?
Calcium carbonate
Which body form does Adamsia have?
Polyp
What is metagenesis?
The alternation of generation in animals (in coelenterates, from polyp to medusa to polyp stage).
What kind of reproduction do polyps (coelenterates) undergo to form medusa?
Asexual reproduction?
What kind of reproduction do medusa undergo to form polyp?
Sexual reproduction
Which coelenterate is called the portugese man of war?
Physalia
Sea anemone is known as
Adamsia
Which coelenterate is called sea fan?
Gorgonia
How many rows of comb plates are present in ctenophora?
Eight
Where are the comb plates of ctenophorans located? (externally or internally)
Externally
What is mode of reproduction in ctenophorans?
Sexual reproduction only
What type of fertilisation is found in ctenophorans?
Indirect and external
What is the sexuality of ctenophorans?
Sexes are not separate.
Why are platyhelminthes called flat worms?
They have a dorso-ventrally flattened body.
What is the sexuality of platyhementhes?
Sexes are not separate.
What type of fertilisation occurs in platyhelminthes?
Internal and indirect
How does excretion take place in Aschelminthes?
An excretory tupe removes waster through the excretory pore.
What is the sexuality of aschelminthes?
Dioecious
What type fertilisation is found in Aschelminthes?
Internal and direct/indirect
Which flatworm is also called hookworm?
Ancylostoma
Which muscles help annelids in movement?
Longitudinal and circular muscles
What appendages are found in aquatic annelids?
Parapodia
What is sexuality of neries?
Dioecious
What forms the neural system in annelids?
Paired ganglia connected by lateral nerves to a double ventral nerve cord
King crab is called
Limulus
In which habitats are molluscs found?
Terrestrial, freshwater and marine
What is the shell of molluscs made of?
Calcium
What forms a mantle over the visceral hump?
Soft spongy skin
What is present in mantle cavity?
Feather like gills
What is the function of feather like gills in molluscs?
Excretion and respiration
What is the sexuality of molluscs?
Dioecious
What is the common name of aplysia?
Sea hare
What is the common name of chaetopleura?
Chiton
In which habitat are echinoderms found?
Marine
Where is the mouth situated in Echinodermates?
Ventrally
What helps echinoderms in locomotion?
Water vascular system
Which organ is responsible for excretion in echinoderms?
None. (excretory system is absent)
What kind of fertilisation occurs in echinoderms?
External
What is the sexuality of echinoderms?
Dioecious
What is the common name of Ophiura?
Brittle star
Where is the stomochord located in Hemichordates?
Collar region
Hemichordates have a posterior proboscis, true or false?
False
What kind of fertilisation is found in hemichordates?
External
Where is the heart located in chordates?
Ventrally
Which subphyla are included in protochordates?
Urochordata and cephalochordata
Where is the notochord located in Urochordates?
Larval tail
Where is the notochord located in Cephalochordates?
From head to tail throughout life
What type of circulatory system do urochordates have?
Open circulatory system
What type of circulatory system do cephaochordates have?
Closed circulatory system
In which habitates are protochordates found?
Marine
Doliolum is an example of subphyla
urochordates
Ascidia is an exampe of subphyla
Urochordates
Branchiostoma is also know as
Lancelet/amphioxus
Branchiostoma belongs to subphyla
Cephalochordates
How many gill slits do cyclostomata have?
6-15
Which organsims are agnathous chordates?
Cyclostomata
What type of circulation is found in cyclostomata?
Closed type
How do cyclostomes die?
They migrate from marine enviornment to freshwater for spawning and die.
What type of scales do cyclostomata have?
None
Cyclostomata are devoid of any paired fins. True or false?
True
What is the common name of Pteromyzon?
Lamprey
What is the common name of myxine?
Hagfish
What happens to the notochord of chondricthyes?
Persistent throughout life
Which scales are present in chondrichthyes?
Placoid scales
What are teeth of chondrichthyes made of?
Placoid scales
In what direction are teeth of chondrichthyes directed?
Backward
Which chondrichthye has electric organs?
Torpedo
Which chondrichthye possesses poison sting?
Trygon
Which fins of male sharks bear claspers?
Pelvic fins
What is the common name of Pristis?
Saw fish
What is the other name of sting ray?
Trygon
What is the common name of Carcharodon?
Great white shark
What type of mouth do bony fishes have?
Terminal
How many pairs of gills do bony fishes have?
Four
Which type of scales do bony fishes have?
Ctenoid/cycloid scales
Exocoetus is commonly called
Flying fish
What is the scientific name of Magur?
Clarias
What is the scientific name of angel fish?
Pterophyllum
Which organism is also called the tree frog?
Hyla
Which class does Icthyophis belong to?
Amphibia
Which organism is also called limbless lizard?
Icthyophis
Fertilization in reptiles is
Internal
What is the scientific name of turtle?
Chelone
What is the scientific name of tortoise?
Testudo
Which organism is called tree lizard?
Chameleon
Calotes is commonly called the
Garden lizard
The scientific name of penguin is
Aptenodytes
Which organisms are known as protostomes?
Animals in which blastopore develops into mouth.
Which organisms are known as deuterostomes?
Animals in which blastopore deveops into anus.
Which mollusc has a closed circulatory system?
Octopus
Which phylum is included in parazoa?
Porifera
Which phylums are included in eumetazoa?
Coelenterata to chordates
What kind of cleavage is observed in protostomia?
Spiral cleavage
What kind of cleavage is observed in deuterostomia?
Radial/bilateral cleavage
What forms the outer layer of the body wall in sponges?
Pinacoderma
Which are the flat cells present in pinacoderma of porifera?
Pinacocytes
Which is the innermost layer of the body wall of poriferans?
Mesohyl
Which cells are present in the mesohyl layer in poriferans?
Amoebocytes
Which are the totipotent cells found in porifera?
Archeocytes
Which cells are known as nurse cells in porifera?
Trophocytes
Which is the simplest type of water canal system found in poriferans?
Asconoid type
Which is the most complex water canal system found in poriferans?
Leucosolenoid type
Which cells in poriferans form gametes?
Archeocytes
What is the larval stage of sycon?
Amphiblastula
Which is the larval stage of leucosolenia?
Parenchymula
WHat type of water canal system is found in limy sponges?
Ascenoid/syconoid type
Which is the simplest sponge?
Leucosolenia
Leucosolenia is symmetrical. True/False.
True
Which water canal system is found in Hexactinella?
Syconoid
Which sponge is also known as glass rope sponge?
Hyalonema
How many silica spicules do glass sponges have?
Six
Which class of porifera has spongin spicules?
Demospongia
Sycon belongs to which class of porifera?
Calcareous sponges
Rhagon larva is found in which sponge (class)
Spongilla (demispongia)
Which sponge is also known as dead man’s fingers?
Chalina
Leucon type of water canal system is found in which class of porifera?
Demospongia
Which coelenterates are colonial?
Obelia and physalia
How many layers does the body wall of coelenterates have?
Two- epidermis ad gastrodermis (endodermal)
Which toxin is present in nematocytes?
Hypnotoxin
In which phylum did nerve cells frist originate?
Coelenterata
In which phylum did statocysts originate?
Coelenterata
What is the larval stage of jellyfish (Aurelia) called?
Ephyra
What is the larval stage of Obelia called?
Planula
In which class of coelenterata polyp and medusa stage are both observed?
Hydrozoa
In which class of coelenterata only polyp stages are observed?
Anthozoa
In which class of coelenterata only medusae stage is observed?
Scyphozoa
What is the characteristic of mesoglea of hydrozoa?
No cells and fibres in mesoglea
Which coelenterate is called sea fur?
Obelia
Corals are members of which class?
Anthozoa
Sea anemone belongs to which class of coelenterata?
Anthozoa
Which organism is also known as Moonga?
Corallium rubrum (the red coral)
How many tentacles are present in class tentaculata of ctenophora?
Two
Which cells are found exclusively in ctenophorans?
Colloblast cells/lasso cells
What is the larval stage of ctenophorans?
Cydippid larva
What type of fertilization is found in coelenterata?
Internal
Is skeletal system present in ctenophorans?
No
Which class of ctenophora has no tentacles?
Nuda
Which ctenophoran is known as venus’ girdle?
Cestum
Cephalisation started in phylum
Platyhelminthes
What are the larval stages of Taenia?
Cysticerous, hexacanth and oncosphere
What are the larval stages of Fasciola?
Caercaria, metacercaria and meracidium
What gives the power of regeneration to planaria?
Pleuripotent neoblast cells
What is the function of hook in platyhelminthes?
Organ of attachment
What is the function of suckers in Platyhelminth?
Organ of attachment and ingestion of food
What is the protective layer surrounding platyhelminthes called?
Tegument
Which is the non parasitic class of Platyheminthes?
Turbellaria
Rhabdites are found in
Turbellaria
What are rhabdites?
Rod shaped mucous producing structures found in terbellaria
Which class do flukes belong to?
Trematoda
The primary host of Fasciola hepactica is
sheep/goat
The secondary host of Fasciola hepatica is
Freshwater snail
Which organism is also known as blood fluke?
Schistosoma
Tape worms belong to the class
Cestoda
In which class of Platyhelminthes is alimentary canal absent?
Cestoda
What type of fertilisation is seen in cestoda?
Self-fertilisation
Which is the smallest tapeworm known?
Echinococcus
What is apolysis?
Sloughing off of proglottids of platyhelminthes
What type of cells are found in the epidermis of Aschelminthes?
Syncitial
What type of fibres are found in the muscular layer of body wall of Aschelminthes?
Longitudinal fibres
What is the unique character of aschelminthes?
No cilia/flagella in any stage of organism
What are the excretory organs of Aschelminthes?
H-shaped renette cells/solenocytes
How does respiration occur in Aschelminthes?
By diffusion through body surface
What is phasmid?
Chemosensitive and secretory sense organ found in nematodes
Which larva is found in Ascaris?
Rhabditiform larva
How many pineal setae are found in the male ascaris?
two
How many openings do the male and female Ascaris have?
Three in males and four in females
Which is a free living nematode?
Rhabditis
What type of parasite is Ascaris (in terms of host)?
Monogenetic parasite
What is the infective stage of Ascaris?
Juvenile larva
Which was the first discovered parasite of human intestine?
Ancylostoma
Give an example of ovoviviparous nematode.
Wuchereria bancrofti
Which nematode is also called the whip worm?
Trichuris trichuris
Give the example of a viviparous nematode.
Trichinella spiralis
Which nematode is also called pinworm?
Enterobius vermicularis
Which nematode is called guinea worm/fiery serpant?
Dracanculus medinensis (subcutaneous parasite)
Which organisms are known as schizocoelomic?
The organisms in which coelom is formed by the splitting of mesoderm.
Which organisms are known as enterocoelomic?
The organisms in which coelom is formed as an evagination of endoderm.
In which phylum haemoglobin is dissolved in plasma?
Annelida
What is the larval stage of nereis?
Trocophore larva
What is the basis of classification of Annelida?
Locomotory organs
What is the scientific name of sea mouse? Which phylum does it belong to?
Aphrodita
Annelida
Which is known as the European earthworm?
Lumbricus
What kind of circulatory system is found in Hirudinia?
Open circulatory system
Describe the sexual dimorphism in Bonelia.
Male is endoparasite of female.
Which is the respiratory organ found in crustaceans?
Branchial girlls
Which is the excretory organ found in crustaceans?
Antennal glands/green glands
Which respiratory organ is found in class Arachnida?
Book lungs/book gills
Which excretory organ is found in class Arachnida?
Coxal glands
What is the main excretory product in terrestrial arthropods?
Uric acid
What is the colour of crustacean blood?
Blue
Given an example of an arthropoda with ametaboly.
Silver fish
Cockroach shows which kind of metamorphosis?
Paurometabolism
Mosquitoes and houseflies show which kind of metamorphosis?
Holometaboly
How many pairs of legs do crustaceans have?
5+
How many antennae do crustaceans have?
four
Crayfish belongs to the class
Crustacea
Shrimps and prawn belong to the class
Crustacea
Cyclops belongs to the class
Crustacea
How many antennae do arachanids have?
None
How many pair of limbs do arachanids have?
Four
Scorpion belongs to the class
Arachanida
Mites and ticks belong to the class
Arachanida
Peripatus is the connecting link between
Annelida and arthropoda
What modifies into oral arms in molluscs?
Muscular foot
Where is the visceral hump located in molluscs?
Dorsally
What are osphradium?
Chemoreceptors present in mantle cavity of molluscs
What kind of digestion is present in molluscs?
Extracellular
What is the function of organ of bojanus and keber’s organ in molluscs?
Metanephric kidney
What is the respiratory pigment present in molluscs?
Haemocyanin
Which is a living fossil in phylum Mollusca?
Neopilina
Neopilina is the connecting link between
Annelida and mollusca
Unio is also called
Fresh water mussel
Which is the largest class of mollusca?
Gastropoda
What is the larval stage of gastropods
Trochophora and veliger larva (Pila)
Limax is also called
garden slug
Scientific name of shankh is
Turbinella
Is a shell present in squid?
Yes, internal shell is present in squid.
External shell is present in which cephalopod?
Nautilus
Which is the largest living invertebrate?
Architeuthis (giant squid)
What is the other name for ambilacular system?
Water vascular system
Which works as a water inlet pore in echinodermates?
Madreporite
Which larval stage of asteroids (echinodermata) was probably the ancestor of chordates?
Dipleuria
What are the larval stages of Asteris?
Bipinnaria, Brachiolaria, dipleuria
Which is the larval stage of ophiuroidea?
Ophipluteus
Aristotle’s lantern is found in
Echinoidea class of echinodermata
What is the function of Aristotle’s lantern?
Mastigating organ
Sea cucumber belongs to the class
Holothoroidea of echinodermata
Antedon is commonly known as
sea lily
Feather star is also called
Neometra
What forms stomochord in Hemichordata?
Pharynx (endodermal in origin)
Acorn worm is the common name of
Hemichordata
Which subphylum is chordate but acraniate?
Protochordate
Which chordate subphylum show retrogressive metamorphosis?
Urochordates
What type of fertilization if found in urochordates?
External fertilization
What is commonly called sea squirt/sea potato?
Herdmania
What is the excretory cell in cephalochordates?
Solenocyte
What happens to notochord in cyclostomes?
Persists throughout lilfe
What is the endoskeleton of cyclostomes made of?
Cartilage
What is the larval stage of cyclostomes?
Ammocete larva
Which is the ear ossicle found in amphibians and reptiles?
Columella auris
Axolotle larva is found in
Salamander
Amnion is present in
Reptiles, Aves and Mammalia
What type of kidney is found in amphibians?
Mesonephric kidney
What type of kidney is found in reptiles?
Metanephric kidney
Which is a living fossil and a reptile?
Tuatara
Flying lizard is called
Draco
Ophinosaurus is called
Limbless lizard
Which snake is viviparous?
Viper
What is the study of lizards called?
Saurology
Where are preen glands found in birds?
Near tail
Which tetrapods don’t have forelimbs?
Aves
What is keel is birds?
Site of attachment of flight muscles
What is the wish bone made of?
Collar bone
What is pygostyle?
Tail vertebrae fuse to form pygostyle
RBC’s of birds are
Nucleated
What type of kidney do birds posses?
Metanephric kidney
What is crop milk?
Crop milk is a secretion from the lining of the crop of parent birds that is regurgitated to young birds.
How many ovaries are present in birds?
Only one, right ovary absent
Impennae class of aves comprises of
Aquatic birds
Ratitae class of aves comprises of
Flightless birds
Carnate class of aves comprises of
Living, flying birds
Dicondylic skull is found in class
Amphibia and mammalia
What is different about the mammary glands of prototherian mammals?
No teats
Cloaca is present in which mammals?
Prototherians
How many vaginas and uteri are present in metatherians?
Two each
What is the difference between scrotom of metatherians and eutherians?
Metatherians- scrotum is in front of penis
Eutherians- scrotum is behind penis
Which phyla have closed circulatory system?
Annelida, cephalopod molluscs, cephalochordata and vertebrates
What is the difference between cnidocyte and nematoblast?
Cnidocyte: Cnidocyte refers to a specialized cell, containing cnidocyst, which is involved in capturing the prey in cnidarians.
Nematocyst: Nematocyst refers to an organelle inside the cnidocyte, consisting of an ejectable thread that causes a sting.
Is a copulatory organ found in all reptiles?
Copulatory organs are found in all reptiles except Sphenodon (tuatara)
