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Biology NEET 2023 > XI: Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom > Flashcards

XI: Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom Flashcards

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1
Q

Which level of body organisation do Platyelminthes show?

A

Organ level

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2
Q

In which phylum did organ system level body organisation first appear?

A

Aschelminthes

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3
Q

What is present between the ectoderm and endoderm of Coelenterates?

A

Mesoglea

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4
Q

In most animals, what is coelom lined by?

A

Mesoderm

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5
Q

How is the mesoderm present in animals which do not have mesoderm lined coelom?

A

Mesoderm is present as pouches between ectoderm and endoderm. (pseudocoelom)

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6
Q

Which phylum of animals is acoelomate?

A

Platyhelminthes

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7
Q

What is the transport system of porifera called?

A

Water canal system

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8
Q

What are the minute pores on body of porifera called?

A

Ostia

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9
Q

From where does the water exit in porifera?

A

Osculum

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10
Q

What lines the spongocoel and canals in porifera?

A

Choanocytes

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11
Q

What type of digestion is present in poriferans?

A

Intracellular

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12
Q

What type of fertilisation is found in sponges?

A

Internal and indirect

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13
Q

Name a freshwater sponge.

A

Spongilla

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14
Q

Which sponge is called the bath sponge?

A

Euspongia

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15
Q

Which is a symmetrical sponge?

A

Sycon

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16
Q

Which cells are present on the tentacles of coelenterates?

A

Cnidoblast

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17
Q

What is the stinging capsule in coelenterates called?

A

Nematocyst

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18
Q

Where is the stinging capsule present in coelenterates?

A

Cnidoblast

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19
Q

What is the gastrovascular cavity of coelenterates called?

A

Hypostoma

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20
Q

What type of digestion is found in coelenterates?

A

Intracellular and extracellular

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21
Q

What is the skeleton of corals formed of?

A

Calcium carbonate

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22
Q

Which body form does Adamsia have?

A

Polyp

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23
Q

What is metagenesis?

A

The alternation of generation in animals (in coelenterates, from polyp to medusa to polyp stage).

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24
Q

What kind of reproduction do polyps (coelenterates) undergo to form medusa?

A

Asexual reproduction?

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25
Q

What kind of reproduction do medusa undergo to form polyp?

A

Sexual reproduction

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26
Q

Which coelenterate is called the portugese man of war?

A

Physalia

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27
Q

Sea anemone is known as

A

Adamsia

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28
Q

Which coelenterate is called sea fan?

A

Gorgonia

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29
Q

How many rows of comb plates are present in ctenophora?

A

Eight

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30
Q

Where are the comb plates of ctenophorans located? (externally or internally)

A

Externally

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31
Q

What is mode of reproduction in ctenophorans?

A

Sexual reproduction only

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32
Q

What type of fertilisation is found in ctenophorans?

A

Indirect and external

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33
Q

What is the sexuality of ctenophorans?

A

Sexes are not separate.

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34
Q

Why are platyhelminthes called flat worms?

A

They have a dorso-ventrally flattened body.

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35
Q

What is the sexuality of platyhementhes?

A

Sexes are not separate.

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36
Q

What type of fertilisation occurs in platyhelminthes?

A

Internal and indirect

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37
Q

How does excretion take place in Aschelminthes?

A

An excretory tupe removes waster through the excretory pore.

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38
Q

What is the sexuality of aschelminthes?

A

Dioecious

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39
Q

What type fertilisation is found in Aschelminthes?

A

Internal and direct/indirect

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40
Q

Which flatworm is also called hookworm?

A

Ancylostoma

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41
Q

Which muscles help annelids in movement?

A

Longitudinal and circular muscles

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42
Q

What appendages are found in aquatic annelids?

A

Parapodia

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43
Q

What is sexuality of neries?

A

Dioecious

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44
Q

What forms the neural system in annelids?

A

Paired ganglia connected by lateral nerves to a double ventral nerve cord

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45
Q

King crab is called

A

Limulus

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46
Q

In which habitats are molluscs found?

A

Terrestrial, freshwater and marine

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47
Q

What is the shell of molluscs made of?

A

Calcium

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48
Q

What forms a mantle over the visceral hump?

A

Soft spongy skin

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49
Q

What is present in mantle cavity?

A

Feather like gills

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50
Q

What is the function of feather like gills in molluscs?

A

Excretion and respiration

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51
Q

What is the sexuality of molluscs?

A

Dioecious

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52
Q

What is the common name of aplysia?

A

Sea hare

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53
Q

What is the common name of chaetopleura?

A

Chiton

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54
Q

In which habitat are echinoderms found?

A

Marine

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55
Q

Where is the mouth situated in Echinodermates?

A

Ventrally

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56
Q

What helps echinoderms in locomotion?

A

Water vascular system

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57
Q

Which organ is responsible for excretion in echinoderms?

A

None. (excretory system is absent)

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58
Q

What kind of fertilisation occurs in echinoderms?

A

External

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59
Q

What is the sexuality of echinoderms?

A

Dioecious

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60
Q

What is the common name of Ophiura?

A

Brittle star

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61
Q

Where is the stomochord located in Hemichordates?

A

Collar region

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62
Q

Hemichordates have a posterior proboscis, true or false?

A

False

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63
Q

What kind of fertilisation is found in hemichordates?

A

External

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64
Q

Where is the heart located in chordates?

A

Ventrally

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65
Q

Which subphyla are included in protochordates?

A

Urochordata and cephalochordata

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66
Q

Where is the notochord located in Urochordates?

A

Larval tail

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67
Q

Where is the notochord located in Cephalochordates?

A

From head to tail throughout life

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68
Q

What type of circulatory system do urochordates have?

A

Open circulatory system

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69
Q

What type of circulatory system do cephaochordates have?

A

Closed circulatory system

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70
Q

In which habitates are protochordates found?

A

Marine

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71
Q

Doliolum is an example of subphyla

A

urochordates

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72
Q

Ascidia is an exampe of subphyla

A

Urochordates

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73
Q

Branchiostoma is also know as

A

Lancelet/amphioxus

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74
Q

Branchiostoma belongs to subphyla

A

Cephalochordates

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75
Q

How many gill slits do cyclostomata have?

A

6-15

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76
Q

Which organsims are agnathous chordates?

A

Cyclostomata

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77
Q

What type of circulation is found in cyclostomata?

A

Closed type

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78
Q

How do cyclostomes die?

A

They migrate from marine enviornment to freshwater for spawning and die.

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79
Q

What type of scales do cyclostomata have?

A

None

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80
Q

Cyclostomata are devoid of any paired fins. True or false?

A

True

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81
Q

What is the common name of Pteromyzon?

A

Lamprey

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82
Q

What is the common name of myxine?

A

Hagfish

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83
Q

What happens to the notochord of chondricthyes?

A

Persistent throughout life

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84
Q

Which scales are present in chondrichthyes?

A

Placoid scales

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85
Q

What are teeth of chondrichthyes made of?

A

Placoid scales

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86
Q

In what direction are teeth of chondrichthyes directed?

A

Backward

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87
Q

Which chondrichthye has electric organs?

A

Torpedo

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88
Q

Which chondrichthye possesses poison sting?

A

Trygon

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89
Q

Which fins of male sharks bear claspers?

A

Pelvic fins

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90
Q

What is the common name of Pristis?

A

Saw fish

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91
Q

What is the other name of sting ray?

A

Trygon

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92
Q

What is the common name of Carcharodon?

A

Great white shark

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93
Q

What type of mouth do bony fishes have?

A

Terminal

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94
Q

How many pairs of gills do bony fishes have?

A

Four

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95
Q

Which type of scales do bony fishes have?

A

Ctenoid/cycloid scales

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96
Q

Exocoetus is commonly called

A

Flying fish

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97
Q

What is the scientific name of Magur?

A

Clarias

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98
Q

What is the scientific name of angel fish?

A

Pterophyllum

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99
Q

Which organism is also called the tree frog?

A

Hyla

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100
Q

Which class does Icthyophis belong to?

A

Amphibia

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101
Q

Which organism is also called limbless lizard?

A

Icthyophis

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102
Q

Fertilization in reptiles is

A

Internal

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103
Q

What is the scientific name of turtle?

A

Chelone

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104
Q

What is the scientific name of tortoise?

A

Testudo

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105
Q

Which organism is called tree lizard?

A

Chameleon

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106
Q

Calotes is commonly called the

A

Garden lizard

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107
Q

The scientific name of penguin is

A

Aptenodytes

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108
Q

Which organisms are known as protostomes?

A

Animals in which blastopore develops into mouth.

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109
Q

Which organisms are known as deuterostomes?

A

Animals in which blastopore deveops into anus.

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110
Q

Which mollusc has a closed circulatory system?

A

Octopus

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111
Q

Which phylum is included in parazoa?

A

Porifera

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112
Q

Which phylums are included in eumetazoa?

A

Coelenterata to chordates

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113
Q

What kind of cleavage is observed in protostomia?

A

Spiral cleavage

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114
Q

What kind of cleavage is observed in deuterostomia?

A

Radial/bilateral cleavage

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115
Q

What forms the outer layer of the body wall in sponges?

A

Pinacoderma

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116
Q

Which are the flat cells present in pinacoderma of porifera?

A

Pinacocytes

117
Q

Which is the innermost layer of the body wall of poriferans?

A

Mesohyl

118
Q

Which cells are present in the mesohyl layer in poriferans?

A

Amoebocytes

119
Q

Which are the totipotent cells found in porifera?

A

Archeocytes

120
Q

Which cells are known as nurse cells in porifera?

A

Trophocytes

121
Q

Which is the simplest type of water canal system found in poriferans?

A

Asconoid type

122
Q

Which is the most complex water canal system found in poriferans?

A

Leucosolenoid type

123
Q

Which cells in poriferans form gametes?

A

Archeocytes

124
Q

What is the larval stage of sycon?

A

Amphiblastula

125
Q

Which is the larval stage of leucosolenia?

A

Parenchymula

126
Q

WHat type of water canal system is found in limy sponges?

A

Ascenoid/syconoid type

127
Q

Which is the simplest sponge?

A

Leucosolenia

128
Q

Leucosolenia is symmetrical. True/False.

A

True

129
Q

Which water canal system is found in Hexactinella?

A

Syconoid

130
Q

Which sponge is also known as glass rope sponge?

A

Hyalonema

131
Q

How many silica spicules do glass sponges have?

A

Six

132
Q

Which class of porifera has spongin spicules?

A

Demospongia

133
Q

Sycon belongs to which class of porifera?

A

Calcareous sponges

134
Q

Rhagon larva is found in which sponge (class)

A

Spongilla (demispongia)

135
Q

Which sponge is also known as dead man’s fingers?

A

Chalina

136
Q

Leucon type of water canal system is found in which class of porifera?

A

Demospongia

137
Q

Which coelenterates are colonial?

A

Obelia and physalia

138
Q

How many layers does the body wall of coelenterates have?

A

Two- epidermis ad gastrodermis (endodermal)

139
Q

Which toxin is present in nematocytes?

A

Hypnotoxin

140
Q

In which phylum did nerve cells frist originate?

A

Coelenterata

141
Q

In which phylum did statocysts originate?

A

Coelenterata

142
Q

What is the larval stage of jellyfish (Aurelia) called?

A

Ephyra

143
Q

What is the larval stage of Obelia called?

A

Planula

144
Q

In which class of coelenterata polyp and medusa stage are both observed?

A

Hydrozoa

145
Q

In which class of coelenterata only polyp stages are observed?

A

Anthozoa

146
Q

In which class of coelenterata only medusae stage is observed?

A

Scyphozoa

147
Q

What is the characteristic of mesoglea of hydrozoa?

A

No cells and fibres in mesoglea

148
Q

Which coelenterate is called sea fur?

A

Obelia

149
Q

Corals are members of which class?

A

Anthozoa

150
Q

Sea anemone belongs to which class of coelenterata?

A

Anthozoa

151
Q

Which organism is also known as Moonga?

A

Corallium rubrum (the red coral)

152
Q

How many tentacles are present in class tentaculata of ctenophora?

A

Two

153
Q

Which cells are found exclusively in ctenophorans?

A

Colloblast cells/lasso cells

154
Q

What is the larval stage of ctenophorans?

A

Cydippid larva

155
Q

What type of fertilization is found in coelenterata?

A

Internal

156
Q

Is skeletal system present in ctenophorans?

A

No

157
Q

Which class of ctenophora has no tentacles?

A

Nuda

158
Q

Which ctenophoran is known as venus’ girdle?

A

Cestum

159
Q

Cephalisation started in phylum

A

Platyhelminthes

160
Q

What are the larval stages of Taenia?

A

Cysticerous, hexacanth and oncosphere

161
Q

What are the larval stages of Fasciola?

A

Caercaria, metacercaria and meracidium

162
Q

What gives the power of regeneration to planaria?

A

Pleuripotent neoblast cells

163
Q

What is the function of hook in platyhelminthes?

A

Organ of attachment

164
Q

What is the function of suckers in Platyhelminth?

A

Organ of attachment and ingestion of food

165
Q

What is the protective layer surrounding platyhelminthes called?

A

Tegument

166
Q

Which is the non parasitic class of Platyheminthes?

A

Turbellaria

167
Q

Rhabdites are found in

A

Turbellaria

168
Q

What are rhabdites?

A

Rod shaped mucous producing structures found in terbellaria

169
Q

Which class do flukes belong to?

A

Trematoda

170
Q

The primary host of Fasciola hepactica is

A

sheep/goat

171
Q

The secondary host of Fasciola hepatica is

A

Freshwater snail

172
Q

Which organism is also known as blood fluke?

A

Schistosoma

173
Q

Tape worms belong to the class

A

Cestoda

174
Q

In which class of Platyhelminthes is alimentary canal absent?

A

Cestoda

175
Q

What type of fertilisation is seen in cestoda?

A

Self-fertilisation

176
Q

Which is the smallest tapeworm known?

A

Echinococcus

177
Q

What is apolysis?

A

Sloughing off of proglottids of platyhelminthes

178
Q

What type of cells are found in the epidermis of Aschelminthes?

A

Syncitial

179
Q

What type of fibres are found in the muscular layer of body wall of Aschelminthes?

A

Longitudinal fibres

180
Q

What is the unique character of aschelminthes?

A

No cilia/flagella in any stage of organism

181
Q

What are the excretory organs of Aschelminthes?

A

H-shaped renette cells/solenocytes

182
Q

How does respiration occur in Aschelminthes?

A

By diffusion through body surface

183
Q

What is phasmid?

A

Chemosensitive and secretory sense organ found in nematodes

184
Q

Which larva is found in Ascaris?

A

Rhabditiform larva

185
Q

How many pineal setae are found in the male ascaris?

A

two

186
Q

How many openings do the male and female Ascaris have?

A

Three in males and four in females

187
Q

Which is a free living nematode?

A

Rhabditis

188
Q

What type of parasite is Ascaris (in terms of host)?

A

Monogenetic parasite

189
Q

What is the infective stage of Ascaris?

A

Juvenile larva

190
Q

Which was the first discovered parasite of human intestine?

A

Ancylostoma

191
Q

Give an example of ovoviviparous nematode.

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

192
Q

Which nematode is also called the whip worm?

A

Trichuris trichuris

193
Q

Give the example of a viviparous nematode.

A

Trichinella spiralis

194
Q

Which nematode is also called pinworm?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

195
Q

Which nematode is called guinea worm/fiery serpant?

A

Dracanculus medinensis (subcutaneous parasite)

196
Q

Which organisms are known as schizocoelomic?

A

The organisms in which coelom is formed by the splitting of mesoderm.

197
Q

Which organisms are known as enterocoelomic?

A

The organisms in which coelom is formed as an evagination of endoderm.

198
Q

In which phylum haemoglobin is dissolved in plasma?

A

Annelida

199
Q

What is the larval stage of nereis?

A

Trocophore larva

200
Q

What is the basis of classification of Annelida?

A

Locomotory organs

201
Q

What is the scientific name of sea mouse? Which phylum does it belong to?

A

Aphrodita

Annelida

202
Q

Which is known as the European earthworm?

A

Lumbricus

203
Q

What kind of circulatory system is found in Hirudinia?

A

Open circulatory system

204
Q

Describe the sexual dimorphism in Bonelia.

A

Male is endoparasite of female.

205
Q

Which is the respiratory organ found in crustaceans?

A

Branchial girlls

206
Q

Which is the excretory organ found in crustaceans?

A

Antennal glands/green glands

207
Q

Which respiratory organ is found in class Arachnida?

A

Book lungs/book gills

208
Q

Which excretory organ is found in class Arachnida?

A

Coxal glands

209
Q

What is the main excretory product in terrestrial arthropods?

A

Uric acid

210
Q

What is the colour of crustacean blood?

A

Blue

211
Q

Given an example of an arthropoda with ametaboly.

A

Silver fish

212
Q

Cockroach shows which kind of metamorphosis?

A

Paurometabolism

213
Q

Mosquitoes and houseflies show which kind of metamorphosis?

A

Holometaboly

214
Q

How many pairs of legs do crustaceans have?

A

5+

215
Q

How many antennae do crustaceans have?

A

four

216
Q

Crayfish belongs to the class

A

Crustacea

217
Q

Shrimps and prawn belong to the class

A

Crustacea

218
Q

Cyclops belongs to the class

A

Crustacea

219
Q

How many antennae do arachanids have?

A

None

220
Q

How many pair of limbs do arachanids have?

A

Four

221
Q

Scorpion belongs to the class

A

Arachanida

222
Q

Mites and ticks belong to the class

A

Arachanida

223
Q

Peripatus is the connecting link between

A

Annelida and arthropoda

224
Q

What modifies into oral arms in molluscs?

A

Muscular foot

225
Q

Where is the visceral hump located in molluscs?

A

Dorsally

226
Q

What are osphradium?

A

Chemoreceptors present in mantle cavity of molluscs

227
Q

What kind of digestion is present in molluscs?

A

Extracellular

228
Q

What is the function of organ of bojanus and keber’s organ in molluscs?

A

Metanephric kidney

229
Q

What is the respiratory pigment present in molluscs?

A

Haemocyanin

230
Q

Which is a living fossil in phylum Mollusca?

A

Neopilina

231
Q

Neopilina is the connecting link between

A

Annelida and mollusca

232
Q

Unio is also called

A

Fresh water mussel

233
Q

Which is the largest class of mollusca?

A

Gastropoda

234
Q

What is the larval stage of gastropods

A

Trochophora and veliger larva (Pila)

235
Q

Limax is also called

A

garden slug

236
Q

Scientific name of shankh is

A

Turbinella

237
Q

Is a shell present in squid?

A

Yes, internal shell is present in squid.

238
Q

External shell is present in which cephalopod?

A

Nautilus

239
Q

Which is the largest living invertebrate?

A

Architeuthis (giant squid)

240
Q

What is the other name for ambilacular system?

A

Water vascular system

241
Q

Which works as a water inlet pore in echinodermates?

A

Madreporite

242
Q

Which larval stage of asteroids (echinodermata) was probably the ancestor of chordates?

A

Dipleuria

243
Q

What are the larval stages of Asteris?

A

Bipinnaria, Brachiolaria, dipleuria

244
Q

Which is the larval stage of ophiuroidea?

A

Ophipluteus

245
Q

Aristotle’s lantern is found in

A

Echinoidea class of echinodermata

246
Q

What is the function of Aristotle’s lantern?

A

Mastigating organ

247
Q

Sea cucumber belongs to the class

A

Holothoroidea of echinodermata

248
Q

Antedon is commonly known as

A

sea lily

249
Q

Feather star is also called

A

Neometra

250
Q

What forms stomochord in Hemichordata?

A

Pharynx (endodermal in origin)

251
Q

Acorn worm is the common name of

A

Hemichordata

252
Q

Which subphylum is chordate but acraniate?

A

Protochordate

253
Q

Which chordate subphylum show retrogressive metamorphosis?

A

Urochordates

254
Q

What type of fertilization if found in urochordates?

A

External fertilization

255
Q

What is commonly called sea squirt/sea potato?

A

Herdmania

256
Q

What is the excretory cell in cephalochordates?

A

Solenocyte

257
Q

What happens to notochord in cyclostomes?

A

Persists throughout lilfe

258
Q

What is the endoskeleton of cyclostomes made of?

A

Cartilage

259
Q

What is the larval stage of cyclostomes?

A

Ammocete larva

260
Q

Which is the ear ossicle found in amphibians and reptiles?

A

Columella auris

261
Q

Axolotle larva is found in

A

Salamander

262
Q

Amnion is present in

A

Reptiles, Aves and Mammalia

263
Q

What type of kidney is found in amphibians?

A

Mesonephric kidney

264
Q

What type of kidney is found in reptiles?

A

Metanephric kidney

265
Q

Which is a living fossil and a reptile?

A

Tuatara

266
Q

Flying lizard is called

A

Draco

267
Q

Ophinosaurus is called

A

Limbless lizard

268
Q

Which snake is viviparous?

A

Viper

269
Q

What is the study of lizards called?

A

Saurology

270
Q

Where are preen glands found in birds?

A

Near tail

271
Q

Which tetrapods don’t have forelimbs?

A

Aves

272
Q

What is keel is birds?

A

Site of attachment of flight muscles

273
Q

What is the wish bone made of?

A

Collar bone

274
Q

What is pygostyle?

A

Tail vertebrae fuse to form pygostyle

275
Q

RBC’s of birds are

A

Nucleated

276
Q

What type of kidney do birds posses?

A

Metanephric kidney

277
Q

What is crop milk?

A

Crop milk is a secretion from the lining of the crop of parent birds that is regurgitated to young birds.

278
Q

How many ovaries are present in birds?

A

Only one, right ovary absent

279
Q

Impennae class of aves comprises of

A

Aquatic birds

280
Q

Ratitae class of aves comprises of

A

Flightless birds

281
Q

Carnate class of aves comprises of

A

Living, flying birds

282
Q

Dicondylic skull is found in class

A

Amphibia and mammalia

283
Q

What is different about the mammary glands of prototherian mammals?

A

No teats

284
Q

Cloaca is present in which mammals?

A

Prototherians

285
Q

How many vaginas and uteri are present in metatherians?

A

Two each

286
Q

What is the difference between scrotom of metatherians and eutherians?

A

Metatherians- scrotum is in front of penis

Eutherians- scrotum is behind penis

287
Q

Which phyla have closed circulatory system?

A

Annelida, cephalopod molluscs, cephalochordata and vertebrates

288
Q

What is the difference between cnidocyte and nematoblast?

A

Cnidocyte: Cnidocyte refers to a specialized cell, containing cnidocyst, which is involved in capturing the prey in cnidarians.

Nematocyst: Nematocyst refers to an organelle inside the cnidocyte, consisting of an ejectable thread that causes a sting.

289
Q

Is a copulatory organ found in all reptiles?

A

Copulatory organs are found in all reptiles except Sphenodon (tuatara)

Biology NEET 2023 (39 decks)

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