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Biology NEET 2023 > XI: Chapter 14- Respiration > Flashcards

XI: Chapter 14- Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What is the respiratory substrate in germinating seeds?

A

Proteins

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2
Q

What is floating respiration?

A

Respiration in which respiratory substrate is a carbohydrate.

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3
Q

What is protoplasmic respiration?

A

Respiration in which the respiratory substrate is fat/protein.

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4
Q

What type of respiration liberates ammonia?

A

Protoplasmic respiration

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5
Q

How many net ATP are produced in the pentose phosphate pathway?

A

35 ATP

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6
Q

What is the starting substrate in pentose phosphate pathway?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate

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7
Q

Where does pentose phosphate pathway take place in a cell?

A

Cytoplasm

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8
Q

What are the base and stalk of an oxysome together called?

A

F0 particle

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9
Q

What is the head of an oxysome called?

A

F1 particle

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10
Q

In which step of glycolysis is NADH produced?

A

Triose phosphate –> 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate

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11
Q

In which steps of glycolysis are ATP produced?

A

1,3 bisphosphoglycerate –> 3 phosphoglycerate

Phosphoenolpyruvate –> Pyruvate

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12
Q

Which enzyme converts 2 phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate?

A

Enolase

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13
Q

Which enzyme converts fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to triose phosphate?

A

Aldose

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14
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

Cytoplasm of cell

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15
Q

What is oxidative decarboxylation in respiration process?

A

Pyruvate –> acetyl co-A

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16
Q

Which molecules form a part of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex which catalyses oxidative decarboxylation reaction?

A

Lipoic acid, Mg2+, transacetylase, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), co-a, NAD+

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17
Q

Sequentially name all the molecules formed in the glycolysis chain reaction?

A 
Glucose
Glucose-6-phosphate
Fructose-6-phosphate
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Triose phosphate
1,3 bisphosphoglycerate
3-Phosphoglycerate
2-Phosphoglycerate
Phosphoenolpyruvate
Pyruvate
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18
Q

Sequentially name all the major molecules formed in the Kreb’s cycle

A 
Oxaloacetic acid + acetyl Co-A
Citric acid
Cis-aconitic acid
Isocitrate
Oxalosuccinate
α-Ketoglutaric acid + CO2
Succinyl co-A
Succinate
Fumerate
Malate
Oxaloacetic acid
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19
Q

How many carbon molecules are present in α-ketoglutaric acid?

A

5

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20
Q

In which step of Kreb’s cycle is a carbondioxide molecule lost?

A

Oxalosuccinic acid –> α-Ketoglutaric acid + CO2

α-Ketoglutaric acid –> Succinyl co-A

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21
Q

In which steps of Kreb’s cycle are NADH produced?

A

Isocitrate –> Oxalosuccinic acid
α-Ketoglutaric acid –> Succinyl co-A
Malate–> Oxaloacetic acid

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22
Q

In which step of Kreb’s cycle is GTP produced?

A

Succinyl co-A –> Succinate

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23
Q

In which step of Kreb’s cycle is FADH produced?

A

Succinate –> Fumarate

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24
Q

What is the ratio of decarboxylation:dehydrogenation:substrate level phosphorylation in citric acid cycle?

A

2:4:1

[Dehydrogenation implies the formation of NADH and FADH, substrate level phosphorylation implies the formation of GTP]

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25
Where does the Kreb's cycle take place?
In the matrix of mitochondria
26
What is the net gain of ATPs from Kreb's cycle and link reaction?
24
27
What is the net gain of ATPs from glycolysis?
8
28
What is the net gain of ATPs from link reaction?
6
29
Where does terminal oxidation in respiration take place?
Inner membrane of mitochondria
30
Which is the I enzyme complex of electron transport chain in mitochondria?
NADH dehydrogenase enzyme complex
31
What are the components of I enzyme complex of electron transport chain in mitochondria
FMN, FeS
32
Which is the II enzyme complex of electron transport chain in mitochondria
Succinate-Q-reductase complex
33
Which enzyme complex of electron transport chain in mitochondria receives electrons from NADH?
NADH dehydrogenase enzyme complex
34
Which enzyme complex of electron transport chain in mitochondria receives electrons from FADH2?
Succinate-Q-reductase complex
35
Which is the III enzyme complex of electron transport chain in mitochondria?
Cytochrome b-c1 complex/QH2 cytochrome reductase complex
36
WHich is the small mobile carrier in the electron transport chain in mitochondria?
Cytochrome-c
37
Where is cytochrome-c intially attached?
Outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane
38
What are the components of IV enzyme complex of electron transport chain in mitochondria?
Cyt-a1, cyt-a3 and two copper containing centres (cytochrome c-oxidase complex )
39
Which acts as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain of inner mitochondrial membrane?
Oxygen
40
What is the sequence of molecules in the electron transport chain of inner mitochondrial membrane?
``` Flavin mono nucleotide (FMN) Fe-S Fe-s Quinone (Q) Ubiquinol (QH) Cyt b Fe-S Quinone (Q) Ubiquinol (QH) Cyt c1 Cyt c Cyt a1-a3 Oxygen ```
41
Where are hydrogen ions accumulated in terminal oxidation process of respiration?
Peri membranal space of mitochondria
42
Which part of oxysome contains ATP synthetase enzyme?
F1 (head)
43
How many hydrogen ions pass through the oxysome for each ATP produced?
2
44
When does pentose phosphate pathway operate?
In case mitochondrias do not function (old age, disease, poison)
45
How many NADH are produced in pentose phosphate pathway?
12
46
How many net ATP are produced in anaerobic respiration?
2
47
What are the end products of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?
Lactic acid (no CO2)
48
In which form do fats join respiration?
Fat--> fatty acid + glycerol glycerol-Triose phosphate fatty acid- acetyl coA
49
In which form does protein join the respiration process?
Pyruvate, α-Ketoglutaric acid, acetyl coA
50
What is the respiratory quotient?
Volume of CO2 evolved ---------------------------------------- Volume of O2 consumed
51
What is used to measure respiratory quotient?
Respirometre
52
What is the respiratory quotient of fats?
≈0.7
53
What is the respiratory quotient of proteins?
≈0.9
54
What is the respiratory quotient in succulents?
0
55
What is the respiratory quotient of organic acids?
>1
56
What is the respiratory quotient in anaerobic respiration?
Infinity
57
Which step in respiration is present in all living organism?
Glycolysis
58
Which enzyme catalyses the phosphorylation of glucose and fructose?
Hexokinase
59
Expand PGAL
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
60
Expand BPGA
1,3 bisphosphoglyceraldehyde
61
How many redox equivalents are removed from PGAL in glycolysis?
2
62
What oxidises PGAL to BPGA in glycolysis?
Inorganic phosphate
63
Which enzymes catalyse the conversion of pyruvate to CO2 and ethanol in fermentation?
Pyruvic acid decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase
64
Which enzyme reduces pyruvic acid to lactic acid in lactic acid fermentation?
Lactate dehydrogenase
65
What is the reducing agent in fermentation?
NADH
66
What is the first step of Kreb's cycle called?
Condensation
67
Which enzyme catalyses the condensation of oxaloacetic acid to citric acid?
Citrate synthase
68
What is released along with citric acid in the first step of Kreb's cycle?
Co-A
69
Cyt -c acts as a mobile carrier between?
Enzyme complex III and enxyme complex IV
70
Which is the complex V of electron transport chain of mitochondria?
ATP synthetase
71
What is the net ATP gain in respiration of one glucose molecule?
38
72
NADH is oxidised to NAD+ rather slowly in aerobic respiration, but very vigorously in anaerobic respiration. True/false?
False | NADH is oxidised to NAD+ rather slowly in anaerobic respiration, but very vigorously in aerobic respiration.
73
What is the respiratory quotient of tripalmitin?
0.7

Biology NEET 2023 (39 decks)

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