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Biology NEET 2023 > XI: Chapter 18-Body fluids and circulation > Flashcards

XI: Chapter 18-Body fluids and circulation Flashcards

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1
Q

Which type of circulatory system has no capillaries?

A

Open circulatory system

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2
Q

Who discovered blood vessel flow?

A

Malpighi

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3
Q

Which blood vessel-artery or vein has thinner tunica externa?

A

Artery

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4
Q

Which blood vessel-artery or vein has thinner tunica media?

A

Vein

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5
Q

Which blood vessel-artery or vein has narrower lumen?

A

Artery

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6
Q

Which blood vessel-artery or vein has valves?

A

Vein

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7
Q

Which blood vessel-artery or vein is non elastic and collapsable?

A

Vein

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8
Q

Which blood vessel-artery or vein has jerky flow?

A

Artery

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9
Q

Tunica externa is made of which tissue?

A

Loose connective tissue

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10
Q

Which layer of the walls of arteries and veins has vasavasorum?

A

Tunica externa

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11
Q

What are the blood vessels of blood vessels called?

A

Vasavasorum

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12
Q

Which muscles are present in the tunica media of wall of arteries and veins?

A

Circular smooth muscles

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13
Q

Which layer of wall of arteries and veins is the thickest?

A

Tunica media

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14
Q

ABO blood grouping system was discovered by

A

Landsteiner

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15
Q

What can the mixing of blood of different blood group in a person’s body cause?

A

Jaundice and anaemia

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16
Q

How many accessory chambers of heart are present in fishes? Name them.

A

2- sinus venosus and conus arteriosus

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17
Q

Where does blood get oxygenated in fishes?

A

Gills

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18
Q

Deoxygenated blood from body enters into ________ in fishes

A

Sinus venosus

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19
Q

Ventricles of fishes pump blood to

A

Conus arteriosus

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20
Q

What chambers are present in heart of amphibians ?

A

2 atria and 1 ventricle

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21
Q

What are the accessory chambers of heart present in amphibians?

A

Sinus venosus and trunkus arteriosus

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22
Q

What are the parts of trunkus arteriosus of reptiles?

A

1 pulmonary arch and 2 systemic arch

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23
Q

What type of heart is present in prawns?

A

Arterial heart

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24
Q

How is the human heart oriented?

A

Slightly towards the left

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25
Q

How many grooves are present in the heart? Name them.

A

3
Coronary sulcus
Interventricular sulcus
Interatrial sulcus

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26
Q

Which vessel brings deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart?

A

Vena cava

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27
Q

How many pulmonary veins are present?

A

4

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28
Q

What represents the remains of ductus arteriosus between pulmonary and systemic aorta in foetus?

A

Ligamentum arteriosus

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29
Q

Coronary veins and vena cava open in which chamber of heart?

A

Right atrium

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30
Q

Pulmonary veins open into which chamber of the heart?

A

Left atrium

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31
Q

Which valve gaurds the inferior vena cava?

A

Eustachian valve

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32
Q

Which valve gaurds the coronary vein?

A

Thebasian valve

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33
Q

Which valve gaurds the pulmonary vein?

A

None

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34
Q

Which valve gaurds the pulmonary artery?

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve

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35
Q

Which valve gaurds the systemic aorta?

A

Aortic semilunar valve

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36
Q

Tricuspid valve is present between

A

Right atrium and ventricle

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37
Q

Bicuspid valve is present between

A

Left atrium and ventricle

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38
Q

Transverse muscular ridges are present in which part of heart?

A

Atrial wall

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39
Q

Fossa ovalis is present in which part of heart?

A

Atrial wall

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40
Q

What are the small muscular ridges of ventricular wall caled?

A

Columnae carneae

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41
Q

Papillary muscles are present in which part of heart?

A

Ventricular wall

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42
Q

What are chordae tendonae made of?

A

Collagenous cords

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43
Q

What are chordae tendonae attached to?

A

Papillary muscular flaps of atriventricular valves

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44
Q

In order of outside to inside, name the layers of wall of heart.

A

1)Pericardium-
Fibrous pericardium
Parietal layer of serous pericardium
(Pericardial space)
Visceral layer of serous pericardium/ epicardium

2) Myocardium
3) Endocardium

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45
Q

Inner visceral pericardium of heart is also known as

A

Epicardium

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46
Q

Pericardial fluid is filled in

A

space between outer parietal pericardium and inner visceral pericardium

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47
Q

Which is the thickest chamber of the heart?

A

Left ventricle

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48
Q

Which chambers are involved in the pulmonary circulation?

A

Right ventricle and left atrium

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49
Q

Which circulation is also called lesser circulation?

A

Pulmonary circulation

50
Q

Where is sino-atrial node locate?

A

Right upper wall of the right atrium

51
Q

Which node of heart has the highest frequency of impulse generation? What is the frequency?

A

SA node, 70-75/min

52
Q

Which is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

SA node

53
Q

Where is atrio-ventricular node of heart located?

A

Lower left wall of right atrium

54
Q

What is the frequency of impulse generation in AV node?

A

45-50/min

55
Q

What is known as the pacesetter of the heart?

A

AV node

56
Q

What is the time interval between the impulse generation by SA node and AV node?

A

0.1 s

57
Q

What is the frequency of impulse generation of bundle of his and purkinje fibres?

A

20-40/min

58
Q

Which nodes are responsible for ventricular contraction?

A

Bundle of His and Purkinje fibres

59
Q

What is the heart rate of humans?

A

72 beats per minute

60
Q

What is the heart rate of an infant?

A

120-140 beats per minute

61
Q

What is the heart rate of a foetus?

A

140-160 beats/minute

62
Q

What is responsible for the nervous control of heart rate?

A

Cardiac centre of medulla

63
Q

When does cardio-acceleratory centre of cardiac centre operate?

A

During exercise, in heat, emergency

64
Q

Cardio acceleratory centre regulates heart rate via which autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic autonomous nervous system

65
Q

Cardio-inhibitory centre operates during

A

Sleep, resting condition

66
Q

Cardio inhibitory centre operates through which nerve?

A

Vagus nerve

67
Q

What is the effect of thyroxine on heart rate and cardiac output?

A

Heart rate and cardiac output increase

68
Q

Increase in the concentration of which electrolyte causes heart rate to increase?

A

K+ and Na+

69
Q

Increase in the concentration of which electrolyte causes heart rate to decrease?

A

Calcium ion

70
Q

What is the duration of one cardiac cycle?

A

0.8 s

71
Q

How long does atrial systole last?

A

0.1 s

72
Q

What cause atria to contract?

A

SAN

73
Q

What happens to the eustachian and thebasian valve during atrial systole?

A

Remain closed

74
Q

What percentage of total blood is filled in the ventricles during atrial systole?

A

30%

75
Q

How long does the ventricular systole last?

A

0.3s

76
Q

LUBB sound in cardiac cycle is produced due to

A

Closing of AV valves in the beginning of ventricular systole

77
Q

DUBB sound in cardiac cycle is produced due to

A

Closing of semilunar valves at the end of ventricular systole

78
Q

What is the difference between the pitches of the LUBB and DUBB sound in cardiac cycle?

A

LUBB- Low pitched

DUBB- high pitched

79
Q

How long does the LUBB sound last?

A

0.16 s

80
Q

How long does the DUBB sound last?

A

0.1 s

81
Q

How does ventricular filling occur in different stages?

A

1/3rd rapid filling in atrial systole
1/3rd rapid filling in joint diastole
1/3rd passive filling in joint diastole

82
Q

What is the graphical representation of electrical acitivity of heart called?

A

Electrocardiogram

83
Q

What is the machine used to make a graphical representation of electrical acitivity of heart called?

A

Electrocardiograph

84
Q

Who is called the father of electrocardiography?

A

Einthovan

85
Q

How many minimum leads are required for an electrocardiogram and where are they places?

A

3

One on each wrist and one on the left ankle

86
Q

Which wave on the electrocardiogram represent atrial depolarisation (atrial systole)

A

P wave

87
Q

QRS wave on the electrocardiogram represents

A

Ventricular depolarisation

88
Q

T wave on the electrocardiogram represents

A

Ventricular repolarisation

89
Q

What is end diastolic volume?

A

Volume of blood in ventricles at end of ventricular relaxation (120 ml)

90
Q

What is the value of stroke volume?

A

70 ml

91
Q

What is end systolic volume?

A

Volume of blood that remains in ventricle at the end of ventricular contraction. (50ml)

92
Q

What is ejection factor ?

A

Fraction of blood in ventricles pumped in aorta in each stroke

93
Q

What is the cardiac output?

A

5 lt

94
Q

What are the two components of blood pressure?

A

Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure

95
Q

What is blood pressure in a healthy person?

A

120/80

96
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

Pressure difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure (40 mmHG)

97
Q

Which device is used to measure blood pressure?

A

Sphygmomanometre

98
Q

What is the blood pressure in hypertension?

A

140/90

99
Q

Blue baby syndrome is caused by

A

Patent foramen ovale

100
Q

Rheumatic heart disease is caused due to

A

damage to valves because of toxins

101
Q

What is the irregular beating of heart called?

A

Arrhytmia

102
Q

Where is a lithium halide battery pacemaker placed in body?

A

Below collar bone

103
Q

Where are sillicon chip based artificial pacemaker placed in body?

A

Dorsal wall of heart

104
Q

Coronary artery disease is also known as

A

Atherosclerosis

105
Q

Atherosclerosis is caused due to

A

build up of fat/cholesterol on arterial wall

106
Q

What is the diagnosis of atherosclerosis?

A

Angiography

107
Q

What is the treatment of atherosclerosis?

A

Angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting

108
Q

Myocardial infarction is the other name of

A

Heart attack

109
Q

What is the death of a muscle of heart called?

A

Heart attack

110
Q

What is the inadequate supple of blood from heart called?

A

Heart failure

111
Q

What is the complete stoppage heart beat called?

A

Cardiac arrest

112
Q

Renal portal system is well developed in

A

Fishes and amphibians

113
Q

The hypophyseal portal vein offloads neurohormones into

A

Anterior pitutary

114
Q

Can lymph clot?

A

Yes

115
Q

Right lymphatic duct collects lymph from

A

Right head, thorax, hand and neck

116
Q

Left lymphatic duct collects lymph from

A

Left head, thorax, neck, both legs and abdomen

117
Q

Do lymphatic vessels have valves?

A

Yes

118
Q

Lymphatic duct release lymph into

A

Subclavian vein

119
Q

Which is the largest lymph node of the body?

A

Spleen

120
Q

The exchange of gases, nutrients, etc between blood and tissues happens through which fluid?

A

INterstitial fluid

121
Q

For detailed analysis of heart’s function, multiple leads of electrocardiograph are attached to

A

The chest

122
Q

Angina pectoris occurs when

A

Not enough oxygen reaches heart

Biology NEET 2023 (39 decks)

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