XI: Chapter 18-Body fluids and circulation Flashcards
1
Q
Which type of circulatory system has no capillaries?
A
Open circulatory system
2
Q
Who discovered blood vessel flow?
A
Malpighi
3
Q
Which blood vessel-artery or vein has thinner tunica externa?
A
Artery
4
Q
Which blood vessel-artery or vein has thinner tunica media?
A
Vein
5
Q
Which blood vessel-artery or vein has narrower lumen?
A
Artery
6
Q
Which blood vessel-artery or vein has valves?
A
Vein
7
Q
Which blood vessel-artery or vein is non elastic and collapsable?
A
Vein
8
Q
Which blood vessel-artery or vein has jerky flow?
A
Artery
9
Q
Tunica externa is made of which tissue?
A
Loose connective tissue
10
Q
Which layer of the walls of arteries and veins has vasavasorum?
A
Tunica externa
11
Q
What are the blood vessels of blood vessels called?
A
Vasavasorum
12
Q
Which muscles are present in the tunica media of wall of arteries and veins?
A
Circular smooth muscles
13
Q
Which layer of wall of arteries and veins is the thickest?
A
Tunica media
14
Q
ABO blood grouping system was discovered by
A
Landsteiner
15
Q
What can the mixing of blood of different blood group in a person’s body cause?
A
Jaundice and anaemia
16
Q
How many accessory chambers of heart are present in fishes? Name them.
A
2- sinus venosus and conus arteriosus
17
Q
Where does blood get oxygenated in fishes?
A
Gills
18
Q
Deoxygenated blood from body enters into ________ in fishes
A
Sinus venosus
19
Q
Ventricles of fishes pump blood to
A
Conus arteriosus
20
Q
What chambers are present in heart of amphibians ?
A
2 atria and 1 ventricle
21
Q
What are the accessory chambers of heart present in amphibians?
A
Sinus venosus and trunkus arteriosus
22
Q
What are the parts of trunkus arteriosus of reptiles?
A
1 pulmonary arch and 2 systemic arch
23
Q
What type of heart is present in prawns?
A
Arterial heart
24
Q
How is the human heart oriented?
A
Slightly towards the left
25
How many grooves are present in the heart? Name them.
3
Coronary sulcus
Interventricular sulcus
Interatrial sulcus
26
Which vessel brings deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart?
Vena cava
27
How many pulmonary veins are present?
4
28
What represents the remains of ductus arteriosus between pulmonary and systemic aorta in foetus?
Ligamentum arteriosus
29
Coronary veins and vena cava open in which chamber of heart?
Right atrium
30
Pulmonary veins open into which chamber of the heart?
Left atrium
31
Which valve gaurds the inferior vena cava?
Eustachian valve
32
Which valve gaurds the coronary vein?
Thebasian valve
33
Which valve gaurds the pulmonary vein?
None
34
Which valve gaurds the pulmonary artery?
Pulmonary semilunar valve
35
Which valve gaurds the systemic aorta?
Aortic semilunar valve
36
Tricuspid valve is present between
Right atrium and ventricle
37
Bicuspid valve is present between
Left atrium and ventricle
38
Transverse muscular ridges are present in which part of heart?
Atrial wall
39
Fossa ovalis is present in which part of heart?
Atrial wall
40
What are the small muscular ridges of ventricular wall caled?
Columnae carneae
41
Papillary muscles are present in which part of heart?
Ventricular wall
42
What are chordae tendonae made of?
Collagenous cords
43
What are chordae tendonae attached to?
Papillary muscular flaps of atriventricular valves
44
In order of outside to inside, name the layers of wall of heart.
1)Pericardium-
Fibrous pericardium
Parietal layer of serous pericardium
(Pericardial space)
Visceral layer of serous pericardium/ epicardium
2) Myocardium
3) Endocardium
45
Inner visceral pericardium of heart is also known as
Epicardium
46
Pericardial fluid is filled in
space between outer parietal pericardium and inner visceral pericardium
47
Which is the thickest chamber of the heart?
Left ventricle
48
Which chambers are involved in the pulmonary circulation?
Right ventricle and left atrium
49
Which circulation is also called lesser circulation?
Pulmonary circulation
50
Where is sino-atrial node locate?
Right upper wall of the right atrium
51
Which node of heart has the highest frequency of impulse generation? What is the frequency?
SA node, 70-75/min
52
Which is the pacemaker of the heart?
SA node
53
Where is atrio-ventricular node of heart located?
Lower left wall of right atrium
54
What is the frequency of impulse generation in AV node?
45-50/min
55
What is known as the pacesetter of the heart?
AV node
56
What is the time interval between the impulse generation by SA node and AV node?
0.1 s
57
What is the frequency of impulse generation of bundle of his and purkinje fibres?
20-40/min
58
Which nodes are responsible for ventricular contraction?
Bundle of His and Purkinje fibres
59
What is the heart rate of humans?
72 beats per minute
60
What is the heart rate of an infant?
120-140 beats per minute
61
What is the heart rate of a foetus?
140-160 beats/minute
62
What is responsible for the nervous control of heart rate?
Cardiac centre of medulla
63
When does cardio-acceleratory centre of cardiac centre operate?
During exercise, in heat, emergency
64
Cardio acceleratory centre regulates heart rate via which autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic autonomous nervous system
65
Cardio-inhibitory centre operates during
Sleep, resting condition
66
Cardio inhibitory centre operates through which nerve?
Vagus nerve
67
What is the effect of thyroxine on heart rate and cardiac output?
Heart rate and cardiac output increase
68
Increase in the concentration of which electrolyte causes heart rate to increase?
K+ and Na+
69
Increase in the concentration of which electrolyte causes heart rate to decrease?
Calcium ion
70
What is the duration of one cardiac cycle?
0.8 s
71
How long does atrial systole last?
0.1 s
72
What cause atria to contract?
SAN
73
What happens to the eustachian and thebasian valve during atrial systole?
Remain closed
74
What percentage of total blood is filled in the ventricles during atrial systole?
30%
75
How long does the ventricular systole last?
0.3s
76
LUBB sound in cardiac cycle is produced due to
Closing of AV valves in the beginning of ventricular systole
77
DUBB sound in cardiac cycle is produced due to
Closing of semilunar valves at the end of ventricular systole
78
What is the difference between the pitches of the LUBB and DUBB sound in cardiac cycle?
LUBB- Low pitched
| DUBB- high pitched
79
How long does the LUBB sound last?
0.16 s
80
How long does the DUBB sound last?
0.1 s
81
How does ventricular filling occur in different stages?
1/3rd rapid filling in atrial systole
1/3rd rapid filling in joint diastole
1/3rd passive filling in joint diastole
82
What is the graphical representation of electrical acitivity of heart called?
Electrocardiogram
83
What is the machine used to make a graphical representation of electrical acitivity of heart called?
Electrocardiograph
84
Who is called the father of electrocardiography?
Einthovan
85
How many minimum leads are required for an electrocardiogram and where are they places?
3
| One on each wrist and one on the left ankle
86
Which wave on the electrocardiogram represent atrial depolarisation (atrial systole)
P wave
87
QRS wave on the electrocardiogram represents
Ventricular depolarisation
88
T wave on the electrocardiogram represents
Ventricular repolarisation
89
What is end diastolic volume?
Volume of blood in ventricles at end of ventricular relaxation (120 ml)
90
What is the value of stroke volume?
70 ml
91
What is end systolic volume?
Volume of blood that remains in ventricle at the end of ventricular contraction. (50ml)
92
What is ejection factor ?
Fraction of blood in ventricles pumped in aorta in each stroke
93
What is the cardiac output?
5 lt
94
What are the two components of blood pressure?
Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure
95
What is blood pressure in a healthy person?
120/80
96
What is pulse pressure?
Pressure difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure (40 mmHG)
97
Which device is used to measure blood pressure?
Sphygmomanometre
98
What is the blood pressure in hypertension?
140/90
99
Blue baby syndrome is caused by
Patent foramen ovale
100
Rheumatic heart disease is caused due to
damage to valves because of toxins
101
What is the irregular beating of heart called?
Arrhytmia
102
Where is a lithium halide battery pacemaker placed in body?
Below collar bone
103
Where are sillicon chip based artificial pacemaker placed in body?
Dorsal wall of heart
104
Coronary artery disease is also known as
Atherosclerosis
105
Atherosclerosis is caused due to
build up of fat/cholesterol on arterial wall
106
What is the diagnosis of atherosclerosis?
Angiography
107
What is the treatment of atherosclerosis?
Angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting
108
Myocardial infarction is the other name of
Heart attack
109
What is the death of a muscle of heart called?
Heart attack
110
What is the inadequate supple of blood from heart called?
Heart failure
111
What is the complete stoppage heart beat called?
Cardiac arrest
112
Renal portal system is well developed in
Fishes and amphibians
113
The hypophyseal portal vein offloads neurohormones into
Anterior pitutary
114
Can lymph clot?
Yes
115
Right lymphatic duct collects lymph from
Right head, thorax, hand and neck
116
Left lymphatic duct collects lymph from
Left head, thorax, neck, both legs and abdomen
117
Do lymphatic vessels have valves?
Yes
118
Lymphatic duct release lymph into
Subclavian vein
119
Which is the largest lymph node of the body?
Spleen
120
The exchange of gases, nutrients, etc between blood and tissues happens through which fluid?
INterstitial fluid
121
For detailed analysis of heart's function, multiple leads of electrocardiograph are attached to
The chest
122
Angina pectoris occurs when
Not enough oxygen reaches heart
