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working with children, older adults, pregnant women Flashcards

1
Q

structured exercise can provide numerous benefits for an expectant mother including

A

Improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness
Reduced maternal weight gain
Reduced musculoskeletal discomfort (e.g., low back pain)
Reduced postural compromise
Decreased incidence and severity of varicose veins or blood clots
Reduced risk for preterm birth
Fewer complications during delivery and shorter delivery lengths
Reduced risk for pregnancy-related disorders
Improved glucose tolerance
Improved psychological well-being and subjective body image
Quicker recovery from the stresses and strains of delivery

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2
Q

pre-pregnancy weight category: underweight
BMI: ___
recommended weight gain: ___
recommended rate of weight gain in 2nd and 3rd trimester. (lb/wk): ___

A

<18.5
28-40
1-1.3

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3
Q

pre-pregnancy weight category: normal weight
BMI: ___
recommended weight gain: ___
recommended rate of weight gain in 2nd and 3rd trimester. (lb/wk): ___

A

18.5-24.9
25-35
.8-1

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4
Q

pre-pregnancy weight category: overweight
BMI: ___
recommended weight gain: ___
recommended rate of weight gain in 2nd and 3rd trimester. (lb/wk): ___

A

25-29.9
15-25
.5-.7

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5
Q

pre-pregnancy weight category: obese
BMI: ___
recommended weight gain: ___
recommended rate of weight gain in 2nd and 3rd trimester. (lb/wk): ___

A

30+
11-20
.4-.6

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6
Q

training deemed appropriate for a pregnant female is specific to the individual and based on

A

numerous physiological and genetic factors

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7
Q

conditions that make exercise contradicted during pregnancy

A

certain types of heart and lung disease
cervical insufficiency or cerclage
pregnant with twins or triplets with risk factors for history of preterm labor
placenta prevue after 26 weeks
premature contractions or labor
preterm labor or ruptured membranes
pre-eclampsia or pregnancy HTN
severe anemia
persistent bleeding
thyroid disease
pre-existing cardiopulmonary pathologies

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8
Q

changes that occur during pregnancy that can limit the ability to safely engage in some forms of exercise

A

increased body weight with a forward shift in COG
potential reduction in lung volume
ligamentous laxity

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9
Q

avoid during pregnancy:
activity or sport involving

A

risk of falling, trauma, collisions
contact sports

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10
Q

avoid during pregnancy:
exercise in ___ environments, such as ____

A

hot, humid
hot yoga, hot pilates

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11
Q

avoid during pregnancy:
avoid exercise when have a

A

fever

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12
Q

avoid during pregnancy:
activities at altitude or depth due to _____, such as ____ and activities performed above ___ feet

A

risk of altitude sickness or decompression sickness from which the fetus is not protected
scuba diving
6000

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13
Q

avoid during pregnancy:
____ behavior and ___ standing

A

sedentary, motionless

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14
Q

exercising in supine position in late pregnancy has raised concerns as

A

supine CO decreases compared to lateral position at rest
25% decrease in uterine blood flow during supine exercise is caused by uterine obstruction in the inferior vena cava

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15
Q

pregnancy:
maintain adequate

A

hydration and caloric intake

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16
Q

pregnancy:
stop exercise upon experiencing

A

fatigue, dont train to exhaustion

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17
Q

pregnancy:
weight bearing exercises can produce a greater decrease in ____ than non-weight bearing

A

O2 reverse

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18
Q

pregnancy:
beware of joint ____

A

laxity

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19
Q

pregnancy:
immediately report

A

vaginal spotting, bleeding, other adverse symptoms

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20
Q

pregnancy:
avoid all

A

dangerous activities and high-risk training in general

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21
Q

overweight children and adolescents are at risk for an increased number of health problems including

A

CV disease
high BP
high cholesterol
type 2 diabetes
hepatic steatosis
sleep apnea

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22
Q

hepatic steatosis

A

fatty degeneration of the liver

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23
Q

routine participation in exercise and sports-related activity can

A

improve CV fitness
enhance bone health
reduce susceptibility to weight gain
improve glucose tolerance
red risk of early development of health problems

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24
Q

children: appropriate exercise assessment examples

A

1 mile run, push up

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25
children have a greater ability to recover from short, high intensity exercise, likely due to
lower peak power output less muscle mass lower stimulation go type II muscle fibers faster phosphocreatine resynthesis greater oxidative capacity faster readjustment of initial cardiorespiratory parameters higher removal of metabolic by-products
26
thermoregulatory functions differ among children as they: produce less
total sweat and begin sweating later
27
thermoregulatory functions differ among children as they: have ____ surface area to mass ratio
smaller
28
thermoregulatory functions differ among children as they: ___ blood volume, limiting _______
lower, internal transfer of heat to body surface
29
thermoregulatory functions differ among children as they: ____ hemoglobin concentrations
lower
30
thermoregulatory functions differ among children as they: ___ energy depletion during movement
greater
31
Anytime weightlifting among youth is discussed, the risk of stunted growth due to damage of the epiphyseal plates is mentioned; however, research shows
young athletes who perform RT to have lower risks for fractures and soft tissue injuries
32
aerobic training children: can train at steady-state levels ____ adults
similar to
33
aerobic training children: avoid
extended periods of activity
34
aerobic training children: can perform short bouts ___ min, of intense aerobic exercise on ____ basis
10, intermittent
35
aerobic training children: emphasize
enjoyable activities that stimulate play
36
aerobic training children: be cautious of
overheating, make sure children are hydrated
37
anaerobic training children: age appropriate exercise can start when
children begin organized sports
38
child olympic weight lifting often beings at age
10-11
39
anaerobic training children: ___ repetition schemes are more effective for pre-pubescent children
higher
40
anaerobic training children: encourage
motor learning, proper technique
41
anaerobic training children: in general ___ sets are sufficient for improvements in strength and endurance
2
42
anaerobic training children: ____ activities that develop motor skills are preferred over ___
multi-joint isolated training
43
anaerobic training children: it is not recommended that children lift loads greater than ___ RM
8
44
anaerobic training children: progressive overload should emphasize
increased repetitions rather than load
45
anaerobic training children: pubescent adults can follow similar prescriptions as adults, but the emphasis should be on
motor learning and efficient movement patterns
46
age related losses in physical function result in
reduced adherence to regular, healthy exercise
47
_____ has the greatest capacity to thwart functional decline among the elderly
resistance training
48
resistance training is also of great use for reducing the risk for
osteoporotic fractures
49
RT demonstrates the greatest capacity to slow age-related functional decline
significant strength gain considerable increases in fiber size and capillary density increased maximal work capacity and VO2 max improved serum lipid profile improved insulin sensitivity reduced risk for osteoporotic fractures in post-menopausal women increased physical confidence and reduced concern over falling
50
in the frail elderly, ___ is considered superior to ___ for maintaining adequate function in performing daily tasks
strength training aerobic training
51
a combination of the following has been shown to greatly enhance functional independence and QDL among older adults
aerobic training strength training balance, power, flexibility increased overall daily activity
52
older adults are particularly susceptible to limited ROM in the following movements
trunk extension trunk rotation shoulder flexion external shoulder rotation
53
older age: regular exercise can reduce or prevent
functional limitations that prevent older adults from engaging in basic ADL maintaining independence and being able to play with children
54
older adults: resistance training: ___ sessions/week, ___ exercises, ___ reps
2-3, 8-10, 10-15
55
older adults: resistance training: encourage functional activities using
full ROM and appropriate power activities
56
older adults: resistance training: healthy older adults can perform heavy RT, but should avoid
holding their breath and using isometric contractions
57
older adults: aerobic training: deconditioned older adults should accumulate ___ min in ___ min sessions most days of the week using ___% HRR
30-40, 10, 50-60
58
older adults: aerobic training: for healthy older adults, ___% HRR for ___ mins
60-80, 30-60
59
older adults: flexibility: static stretching through pain free range, ____ times/week, ___ sets, ____ hold
2-3, 2-3, 15-30
60
older adults: flexibility: encourage ___ technique
breathing
61
older adults: flexibility: dynamic ROM ___ sets, ___ reps
2-3, 10-15
62
older adults: flexibility: employ spinal ___ and ____ rotation activities
extension, outward
63
Which of the following benefits can be obtained via appropriate exercise during pregnancy? a. Quicker recovery following childbirth b. Reduced risk for low back pain c. Decreased risk for varicose veins or blood clots d. All of the above
d
64
All of the following are associated with children’s greater ability to recover from short, high-intensity exercise, except: a. Higher peak power outputs b. Lower muscle mass c. Lower stimulation of type II muscle fibers d. Higher removal of metabolic by-products
a
65
Older adults are particularly susceptible to limited range of motion in all of the following movements due to postural adjustments common with age, except: a. Trunk extension b. Shoulder internal rotation c. Trunk rotation d. Shoulder flexion
b
66
Which of the following training guidelines for older adults is incorrect? a. Perform resistance training 2-3 days per week using 10-15 repetitions sets for 8-10 exercises b. Perform aerobic training at 75-85% of heart rate reserve for 30-40 minutes on most days of the week c. Avoid any breath holding or isometric contractions d. Perform static stretching 2-3 days per week using 2-3 sets of 15-30 second holds
b
67
Higher _____ resistance training schemes are more effective for pre-pubescent children to encourage motor learning and proper technique.
repetition
68
Changes during pregnancy that can limit the ability to safely engage in some exercises can include an increase in body weight, a forward shift in the center of gravity, and increased ______ laxity.
ligamentous
69
___ training has the greatest potential to thwart age-related functional decline
resistance
70
True or False? There is substantial, research-backed support for moderate exercise during pregnancy, even among formerly inactive women.
true
71
True or False? Exercising in the supine position during late pregnancy should be avoided as it may reduce cardiac output and uterine blood flow.
true
72
True or False? Resistance training should not be performed with most children as it greatly increases the risk for bone fractures; especially at the epiphyseal plate.
false
73
Identify at least three health issues children and adolescents are at risk for if overweight.
a. cardiovascular disease , b. high blood pressure , c. high cholesterol , d. type II diabetes , e. fatty degeneration of the liver , f. sleep apnea
74
Identify the four factors shown to greatly enhance functional independence and quality of life among older adults.
a. Aerobic activity , b. strength training , c. balance, power, and flexibility exercises , d. increased general daily activity

CPT (41 decks)

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