understanding the kinetic chain and human function Flashcards
muscles and joints must interact to
properly move and stabilize the body
recruitment patterns are harmonized via the
CNS
any loss of energy along the kinetic chain reduces
potential force applied at point of contact
passive system
form closure
active system
force closure
control system
neural activation and coordination
motor control
neuromuscular coordination
force closure
muscular stiffness, appropriate contraction, myofascial synergy
form closure
joint anatomy, alignment, mobility
efficiency of joint structures
form closure
form closure primarily consists of
bones and CT
____ closure support soft tissue which help maintain joint position
force
force closure primarily consists of
muscles and fascia
refers to the force across body segments or chain of force transfer involved in properly moving the body
kinetic chain
local muscle systems essential for
localized joint stability and neutral joint positioning
global muscle systems responsible for
motion and regional stability that tend to function in a phasic manner
some global system muscles aid in _____, while others function as ____
stabilizers, movers
local systems function in an ____ manner before movements/loading to brace the joint or body segment and maximize stability
anticipatory
local systems fire before than fibers of global systems to
anchor a motion segment before the global system pulls on it
activity of local systems in the trunk should precede that of
muscle responsible for limb movement
delayed local system firing allows forces to go
unmanaged and can lead to injury
local stabilizer role
increase muscle stiffness to control segmental movement
local stabilizer functions
control neutral joint position
contraction does not produce change in muscle length or movement
local stabilizer characteristics
fulfill proprioceptive functions
activity is independent of the direction of movement; continuous in nature but reactive to offset forces
local stabilizers example muscles
transverse abdominis, pelvic floor, diaphragm, multipidus, posterior fibers of internal obliques, supraspiantus, soleus
global stabilizer role
generate force to control range of movement
global stabilizer functions
control the inner and outer ranges of movement
contract eccentrically for low-load deceleration of momentum and for rotational control
global stabilizer: activity is____ dependent
non ____
direction, continuous
global mobilizer examples
external oblique, rectus abdominis, erector spine, psoas major, lats, glare max, hip adductors, hamstrings, gastroc
static stability
the ability to maintain a position without movement while under load
examples of static stability
planks, quadrupeds
integrated model of function
cooperation and coordination between bodily systems
suggests the body can manage environments and conditions efficiently
function
suggests reduced performance efficiency and injury risk due to musculoskeletal deficiencies that create poor posture, faulty movement patterns, and/or incorrect biomechanics
dysfunction
if muscles do not fire in synch to compensatory actions occur, joints will suffer from _____ and ____ will be lost
undue stress, movement proficiency
training for improved function focuses on (5)
adequate mobility, muscle balance, passive and active elements of stabilization, effective muscle activation, optimal neuromuscular coordination
how well a joint aligns
form closure
the ability of connective tissue to maintain joint position alignment
force closure
the proficiency of the neuromuscular system to anticipate and react to external stimuli
motor control
ones current psychological orientation which can impact neural activity
emotion
form closure describes the
structural aspects of the body and specific architecture of joints
if the segments fit together like a puzzle, ____ is provided
significant support (hip)
if the connecting surface area is limited, ____ enhance stability
other tissues (shoulder)
force closure supports any deficiency in form closure via
muscular contractions and CT compressive forces
lack of stability in a joint reduces
force production
3 factors that impact force closure
joint angles, CT integrity, muscle balance
a close-packed position is ___ efficient at resisting stress
most
changing in stability demands during movement can create a
sticking point
limited disruptive stress occurs when tissues are
healthy and mobile
agonist-antagonist muscle imbalance increases
stress
imbalances can offset
bone and joint alignment, result in postural distortions
refers to neuromuscular activation within motor units to produce movement via appropriate force
motor control
_________ dictate stability
magnitude of force, timing of motor unit activation/deactivation
familiarity and movement practice is key to improving
motor control
layman’s understanding of muscle memory
practice improves performance
identifies the relationship between the brain and working muscles during physical actions
emotion
emotion is ____ expressed
physically
emotion can lead to
postural adjustments, biomechanics changes, impact focus
emotion affects motivation which affects
force production
has the greatest impact on finite actions
emotion
the use of ___, ____. and ____ with trained movements to stimulate the brain can improve focus, and performance
targeting, location stimuli, focal interactions
Local muscle systems are required for which of the following?
a. Body segment movement
b. Regional stability
c. Motor control
d. Joint stability
d
Training for improved function focuses on:
a. Muscle balance
b. Adequate mobility
c. Muscle activation patterns
d. All of the above
d
The integrated model of function includes all of the following, except:
a. Form closure
b. Emotion
c. Motor control
d. Energy systems
d
Which represents the primary aspect of form closure?
a. structural contact efficiency of a joint
b. type of joint
c. number of muscle attachments around a joint
d. range of motion of a joint
a
How can emotion impact neuromuscular performance?
a. Via postural adjustments
b. By reducing force production via motivation
c. By reduce focus via distraction
d. All of the above
d
true or false: stability is achieved via the coordinated action of three systems including a passive (form closure), active (force closure) and control system (neuromuscular coordination)
true
true or false: local muscle systems must function in an anticipatory manner before loading to maximize joint segment stability and reduce risk for injury
true
true or false: joint stability increases at the weakest link in the kinetic chain
false
the term ____ indicates the body can manage environments and conditions efficiently without undue stress or restriction
function
familiarity and movement practice, known as ____, is key to improving motor control over time
rehearsal
Fill in the blanks for the following statements describing optimal human function:
a. The musculoskeletal system maintains proper symmetry for ___ and ____ closure.
b. Local stability at each joint is attained via proper ____ and ____ muscle relationships.
c. Muscle ____ is orderly and efficient with proper anticipatory signaling because segments are stabilized before forces are applied.
form
force
agonist
antagonist
activation
give three examples of local stabilizers
transverse abdominis
pelvic flood
diaphragm
deep lumbar
multifidus
internal oblique
vastus medialis
supraspinatus
soleus
give three examples of global mobilizers
external oblique
rectus abdominis
erector spinae
psoas major
latissimus dirsi
glute max
hip adductor
hamstring
gastroc
