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CPT > understanding the kinetic chain and human function > Flashcards

understanding the kinetic chain and human function Flashcards

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1
Q

muscles and joints must interact to

A

properly move and stabilize the body

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2
Q

recruitment patterns are harmonized via the

A

CNS

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3
Q

any loss of energy along the kinetic chain reduces

A

potential force applied at point of contact

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4
Q

passive system

A

form closure

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5
Q

active system

A

force closure

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6
Q

control system

A

neural activation and coordination

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7
Q

motor control

A

neuromuscular coordination

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8
Q

force closure

A

muscular stiffness, appropriate contraction, myofascial synergy

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9
Q

form closure

A

joint anatomy, alignment, mobility

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10
Q

efficiency of joint structures

A

form closure

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11
Q

form closure primarily consists of

A

bones and CT

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12
Q

support soft tissue which help maintain joint position

A

force closure

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13
Q

force closure primarily consists of

A

muscles and fascia

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14
Q

refers to the force across body segments or chain of force transfer involved in properly moving the body

A

kinetic chain

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15
Q

local muscle systems essential for

A

localized joint stability and neutral joint positioning

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16
Q

global muscle systems responsible for

A

motion and regional stability that tend to function in a phasic manner

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17
Q

some global system muscles aid in _____, while others function as ____

A

stabilizers, movers

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18
Q

local systems function in an ____ manner before movements/loading to brace the joint or body segment and maximize stability

A

anticipatory

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19
Q

local systems fire before than fibers of global systems to

A

anchor a motion segment before the global system pulls on it

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20
Q

activity of local systems in the trunk should

A

precede that of muscle responsible for limb movement

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21
Q

delayed local system firing allows

A

forces to go unmanaged and can lead to injury

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22
Q

local stabilizer role

A

increase muscle stiffness to control segmental movement

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23
Q

local stabilizer functions

A

control neutral joint position
contraction does not produce change in muscle length or movement

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24
Q

local stabilizer characteristics

A

fulfill proprioceptive functions
activity is independent of the direction of movement; continuous in nature but reactive to offset forces

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25
Q

local stabilizers examples

A

transverse abdominis, pelvic floor, diaphragm, multipidus, posterior fibers of internal obliques, supraspiantus, soleus

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26
Q

global stabilizer role

A

generate force to control range of movement

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27
Q

global stabilizer functions

A

control the inner and outer ranges of movement
contract eccentrically for low-load deceleration of momentum and for rotational control

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28
Q

global stabilizer characteristic

A

activity is direction dependent
non continuous

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29
Q

global stabilizer examples

A

quadrates lumborum, psoas major, obliques, rectus abdominis, hip adductor, traps, elevator scapulae, serratus anterior, rhomboids

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30
Q

global mobilizer role

A

generate torque to produce movement

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31
Q

global mobilizer function

A

produce joint movement, especially sagittal
contract concentrically and absorb shock forces from impact

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32
Q

global mobilizer characteristic

A

activity is direction dependent; non continuous

33
Q

global mobilizer examples

A

external oblique, rectus abdominis, erector spine, psoas major, lats, glare max, hip adductors, hamstrings, gastroc

34
Q

static stability

A

the ability to maintain a position without movement while under load

35
Q

examples of static stability

A

planks, quadrupeds

36
Q

integrated model of function

A

cooperation and coordination between bodily systems

37
Q

suggests the body can manage environments and conditions efficiently

A

function

38
Q

suggests reduced performance efficiency and injury risk due to musculoskeletal deficiencies that create poor posture, faulty movement patterns, and/or incorrect biomechanics

A

dysfunction

39
Q

if muscles do not fire in synch to compensatory actions occur, joints will

A

suffer from undue stress and movement proficiency will be lost

40
Q

training for improved function focuses on (5)

A

adequate mobility, muscle balance, passive and active elements of stabilization, effective muscle activation, optimal neuromuscular coordination

41
Q

how well a joint aligns

A

form closure

42
Q

the ability of connective tissue to maintain joint position alignment

A

force closure

43
Q

the proficiency of the neuromuscular system to anticipate and react to external stimuli

A

motor control

44
Q

ones current psychological orientation which can impact neural activity

A

emotion

45
Q

form closure describes the

A

structural aspects of the body and specific architecture of joints

46
Q

if the segments fit together like a puzzle, ____ is provided

A

significant support (hip)

47
Q

if the connecting surface area is limited, ____ enhance stability

A

other tissues (shoulder)

48
Q

force closure supports any

A

deficiency in form closure via muscular contractions and CT compressive forces

49
Q

lack of stability in a joint reduces

A

force production

50
Q

3 factors that impact force closure

A

joint angles, CT integrity, muscle balance

51
Q

a close-packed position is ___ efficient at resisting stress

A

most

52
Q

changing in stability demands during movement can create a

A

sticking point

53
Q

limited disruptive stress occurs when

A

tissues are healthy and mobile

54
Q

agonist-antagonist muscle imbalance increases

A

stress

55
Q

imbalances can offset

A

bone and joint alignment, result in postural distortions

56
Q

refers to neuromuscular activation within motor units to produce movement via appropriate force

A

motor control

57
Q

_________ dictate stability

A

magnitude of force, timing of motor unit activation/deactivation

58
Q

familiarity and movement practice is key to

A

improving motor control

59
Q

layman’s understanding of muscle memory

A

practice improves performance

60
Q

identifies the relationship between the brain and working muscles during physical actions

A

emotion

61
Q

emotion is ____ expressed

A

physically

62
Q

emotion can lead to

A

postural adjustments, biomechanics changes, impact focus

63
Q

emotion affects motivation which affects

A

force production

64
Q

has the greatest impact on finite actions

A

emotion

65
Q

the use of ___, ____. and ____ with trained movements to stimulate the brain can improve focus, and performance

A

targeting, location stimuli, focal interactions

66
Q

Local muscle systems are required for which of the following?
a. Body segment movement
b. Regional stability
c. Motor control
d. Joint stability

A

d

67
Q

Training for improved function focuses on:
a. Muscle balance
b. Adequate mobility
c. Muscle activation patterns
d. All of the above

A

d

68
Q

The integrated model of function includes all of the following, except:
a. Form closure
b. Emotion
c. Motor control
d. Energy systems

A

d

69
Q

Which represents the primary aspect of form closure?
a. structural contact efficiency of a joint
b. type of joint
c. number of muscle attachments around a joint
d. range of motion of a joint

A

a

70
Q

How can emotion impact neuromuscular performance?
a. Via postural adjustments
b. By reducing force production via motivation
c. By reduce focus via distraction
d. All of the above

A

d

71
Q

true or false: stability is achieved via the coordinated action of three systems including a passive (form closure), active (force closure) and control system (neuromuscular coordination)

A

true

72
Q

true or false: local muscle systems must function in an anticipatory manner before loading to maximize joint segment stability and reduce risk for injury

A

true

73
Q

true or false: joint stability increases at the weakest link in the kinetic chain

A

false

74
Q

the term ____ indicates the body can manage environments and conditions efficiently without undue stress or restriction

A

function

75
Q

familiarity and movement practice, known as ____, is key to improving motor control over time

A

rehearsal

76
Q

Fill in the blanks for the following statements describing optimal human function:
a. The musculoskeletal system maintains proper symmetry for ___ and ____ closure.
b. Local stability at each joint is attained via proper ____ and ____ muscle relationships.
c. Muscle ____ is orderly and efficient with proper anticipatory signaling because segments are stabilized before forces are applied.

A

form
force
agonist
antagonist
activation

77
Q

give three examples of local stabilizers

A

transverse abdominis
pelvic flood
diaphragm
deep lumbar
multifidus
internal oblique
vastus medialis
supraspinatus
soleus

78
Q

give three examples of global mobilizers

A

external oblique
rectus abdominis
erector spinae
psoas major
latissimus dirsi
glute max
hip adductor
hamstring
gastroc

CPT (25 decks)

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