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CPT > flexibility and factors that impact movement > Flashcards

flexibility and factors that impact movement Flashcards

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1
Q

flexibility

A

ability of a joint to move through a full ROM in a single plane

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2
Q

ROM

A

full movement potential of a joint measured by linear or angular distance beterrn two limits

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3
Q

mobility

A

movement ability during multi-joint actions which rely on the coordination of several muscle groups and body segments

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4
Q

flexibility and mobility are ___ but not ____

A

interrelated
synonymous

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5
Q

a client may have goof flexibility at a single joint, but poor ____ in the same area

A

mobility

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6
Q

differences between bilateral joint movement capabilities depend upon several variables including

A

genetic variations
strength, balance
connective tissue discrepancy
joint injury
activity participation
activation issues
resting postural alignment

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7
Q

asymmetrical postures created by bilateral ROM disparities increase the risk for

A

injury and promote faulty movement patterns

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8
Q

benefits of flexibility

A

increased movement range
reduction in the rate of functional decline
postural symmetry
stress reduction
reduced tension
muscle relaxation
reduced incidence of muscle cramps
reduced risk of injury
relief of muscle pain
improved quality of life

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9
Q

activities that emphasize flexibility reduce musculoskeletal stress via

A

alleviation of tension
reduction of psychomotor distraction
improved state of overall relaxation

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10
Q

hyper mobility

A

movement capacity of a joint beyond the normal ROM

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11
Q

hypermobility compromises

A

stability

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12
Q

soft tissue in the human body include

A

muscle and fascia
tendons and ligaments
skin, fat, collagen
synovial membranes
nerves and blood vessels

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13
Q

elasticity

A

property that allows stretched tissue to return to its original form

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14
Q

plasticity

A

ability of tissue to become permanently deformed or elongated after being stretched

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15
Q

viscosity

A

variable fluid resistance to stretch within soft tissue, can be reduced with warm up

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16
Q

the collagen content of a tissue primarily determines

A

extensibility, capability to be stretched

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17
Q

joint capsule tissue, ligaments and fascia have ___ collagen content

A

high

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18
Q

elastin fibers allows for

A

greater stretching and deformation potential

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19
Q

contributors to movement resistance:
joint capsule __%
muscle fascia __%
tendon __%
skin __%

A

47
41
10
2

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20
Q

high muscle/joint stress can cause _____ which can manifest as

A

myofascial restriction
movement dysfunction, trigger points, pain

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21
Q

restriction and trigger points can be alleviated using different treatments, including

A

stretching
manual massage
thermotherapy
electrotherapy
acupuncture
pressure rolling using foam rollers and related devices

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22
Q

three primary proprioceptors are used for

A

neural management of ROM

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23
Q

muscle spindles

A

receptors that identify stretch length/speed

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24
Q

muscle spindles not activated with ____ but will activate to _____

A

slow, controlled stretches
to prevent overstretch

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25
Q

golgi tendon organs located in the

A

musculotendinous junction

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26
Q

golgi tendon organ contributes to

A

autogenic inhibition of muscle to protect from a tear or overstretch

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27
Q

autogenic inhibition

A

reduction in muscle excitability in response to high tension

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28
Q

autogenic inhibition self induced by

A

the muscle due to negative feedback signaled by activation of proprioceptors

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29
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

found in synovial joints in a number of varieties to serve many functions

30
Q

mechanoreceptor functions

A

signal direction, amplitude, joint movement velocity
regulate changes in joint pressure and muscle tone
contribute to postural and kinesthetic sensations
inhibit or signal pain within a joint based on need
produce reflex inhibition of muscles acting on the joint

31
Q

another neural factor that influences tissue elongation is the relationship between

A

agonist-antagonist muscle pairs

32
Q

when one muscle contracts the other is signaled to relax via

A

reciprocal inhibition

33
Q

reciprocal inhibition

A

relaxation of musculature on one side of a joint to accommodate a contraction of opposing musculature on the opposite side

34
Q

loss of flexibility with age is attributed to

A

reduction in sarcomeres which are replaced with lipids and collagen fibers

35
Q

progression of flexibility loss depends on

A

genetics, health status, fitness level, routine physical activity performed

36
Q

females display greater ROM in specific movements compared to males due to anatomical variances including

A

pelvis is broader at the top and narrower at the bottom
greater ROM through elbow extension due to differences in the olecranon provess
greater trunk ROM is attributed to relatively shorter leg lengths and lowers center of gravity

37
Q

body mass can potentially impede flexibility among

A

bodybuilders who are very muscular or among the obese

38
Q

________ can help maintain greater relative flexibility

A

heavy weightlifting via full ROM

39
Q

immobility substantially affects muscle tissue

A

length

40
Q

common injury-related ROM problems include

A

bursitis
tendonitis
impingement syndromes
fasciitis

41
Q

bursitis

A

painful inflammation of soft, fluid-filled sacs that cushion movement between bones, tendons and muscles near joint

42
Q

contributing factors of bursitis

A

overuse or injury
incorrect posture at work or rest
poor conditioning before exercise or sports participation
abnormal or poorly-positioned joints/bones

43
Q

tendonitis

A

inflammation, swelling, and irritation of a tendon; can be caused by overuse, direct injury, and aging

44
Q

common sites of tendonitis

A

rotator cuff
biceps
tennis elbow
jumpers knee
achilles
golfers elbow
de quervain
IT band

45
Q

impingement sundrome

A

painful entrapment of a tendon between bony aspects of a joint; most common shoulder

46
Q

fasciitis

A

fascia across a body segment becomes inflammed
most common is plantar fasciitis

47
Q

shoulder impingement most often occurs in repetitive _____ activites like ___, ____, ____, ____

A

overhead
swimming
serving tennis ball
spiking volleyball
throwing baseball

48
Q

several diseases can cause ROM limitations, the most common of these include

A

osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout

49
Q

osteoarthritis

A

degenerative joint disorder with aging which commonly impacts the hips, knees, toes, spine

50
Q

with OA, connective tissue loses their elasticity and _____ can occur

A

bone spurs

51
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

inflammatory, autoimmune joint disorder which can cause notable dysfunction, immobility, disability, premature death

52
Q

rheumatoid arthritis commonly impacts

A

synovial joints at the wrists shoulders, knees, ankles, feet

53
Q

gout

A

arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid which forms painful crystals; ball of the big to

54
Q

common site of gout

A

ball of big toe

55
Q

gout often impacts _____ and is related to _____

A

older males
rich diet, alcohol intake

56
Q

factors affecting flexibility

A

knowledge of stretching techniques
time availability
identified deficiencies
clients pain tolerance and interest
imbalances
injury
orthopedic limitations
disease

57
Q

___________ refers to movement ability during multi0joint actions which rely on coordination of several muscle groups and body segments
a. flexibility
b. range of motion
c. extensibility
d. mobility

A

d

58
Q

which of the following are accurate concerning hypermobility
a. hypermobility compromises stability
b. hypermobility increases the risk for injury
c. hypermobile joints should be strengthened
d. all of the above are correct

A

d

59
Q

which of the following terms refer to the ability of tissue to become permanently deformed or elongated after being stretched?
a. elasticity
b. plasticity
c. viscosity
d. none of the above are correct

A

b

60
Q

which of the following have the greatest impact on movement resistance for a joint or body segment
a. skin
b. tendons
c. muscle fascia
d. joint capsule

A

d

61
Q

which of the following is associated with the entrapment of a tenon between bony aspects of a joint
a. fasciitis syndrome
b. bursitis
c. osteoarthritis
d. impingement syndrome

A

d

62
Q

which of the following is an autoimmune disorder that causes notable joint dysfunction and immobility
a. osteoarthritis
b. osteophytes
c. rheumatoid arthritis
d. gout

A

c

63
Q

___ are located in the musculotendinous junction and can create autogenic inhibition of muscle to protect it from a tear or overstretch

A

golgi tendon organs

64
Q

____ refers to the relaxation of musculature on one side of a joint to accommodate a contraction of opposing musculature on the opposite side

A

reciprocal inhibition

65
Q

true or false? improvement sin flexibility can actually impact stress

A

true

66
Q

true or false? flexibility is reduced with age as the body replaces sarcomeres in muscles with lipids and collagen fibers in a process called sarcopenia

A

false

67
Q

true or false? females display greater ROM at the pelvis, elbows and trunk due to anatomical variances when compared with males

A

true

68
Q

identify at least three factors that can contribute to bilateral joint ROM discrepancies

A

genetic variations
strength balance
connective tissue discrepancies
joint injury
activity participation
activation issues
resting postural alignment

69
Q

identify at least three benefits of flexibility

A

increased movement range
reduction in the rate of functional decline
postural symmetry
stress reduction
reduced tension
muscle relaxation
reduced incidence of muscle cramps
reduced risk of injury
relief of muscle pain
improved quality of life

70
Q

identify at least three ways to potentially alleviate trigger points and pain associated with myofascial restriction

A

stretching, manual massage, thermotherapy, electrotherapy, acupressure, foam rolling

CPT (41 decks)

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