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CPT > impact of physical activity on obesity, diabetes and cancer > Flashcards

impact of physical activity on obesity, diabetes and cancer Flashcards

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1
Q

_____behaviors are the primary contributors to obesity

A

self-selected

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2
Q

self sleeted behaviors that lead to obesity

A

poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol, poor sleep, unmanaged stress

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3
Q

high sugar/processed carbohydrates consumption causes

A

hyperglycemia and consequent hyperinsulinemia

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4
Q

when excess insulin is present it

A

promotes sugar conversion in the liver and blocks lipid oxidation leading to weight gain over time

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5
Q

fit-healthy body fat for males

A

<20%

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6
Q

fit-healthy body fat for females

A

<26%

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7
Q

stage 1 obesity in males

A

> 25%

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8
Q

stage 1 obesity in females

A

> 32%

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9
Q

stage 1 obesity in old age

A

> 38%

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10
Q

stage 2 obesity males

A

> 30%

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11
Q

stage 2 obesity females

A

> 40%

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12
Q

stage 3 obesity males

A

> 35%

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13
Q

stage 4 obesity females

A

> 45

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14
Q

high risk obesity waist circumference males

A

> 40in waist

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15
Q

high risk obesity waist circumference females

A

> 35 in waist

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16
Q

high risk obesity BMI

A

> 30

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17
Q

morbid obesity BMI

A

> 35

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18
Q

4 things obesity is associated with

A

mental health issues, reduced quality of life and physical function, increased risk for sleep apnea, metabolic syndrome, osteoarthritis, autoimmune disorders, increased risk for all-cause death

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19
Q

high visceral fat promotes

A

low grade systemic inflammation which leads to insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, atherosclerosis, hormonal/metabolic dysfunction

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20
Q

hormones that regulate hunger

A

leptin

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21
Q

hormones that communicate energy needs

A

adipokines

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22
Q

______ can cause hunger without the need for calories and additional eating

A

dysfunction of hormones that regulate hunger and communicate energy needs

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23
Q

visceral fat

A

fat that surrounds the internal organs in the abdominal region

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24
Q

hyperinsulinemia

A

excess levels of circulating insulin

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25
Q

hyperinsulinemia indicates

A

progressive insulin resistance as a precursor to diabetes

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26
Q

hyperinsulinemia increases

A

fat storage

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27
Q

combination of aerobic/anaerobic exercise can positively impact obesity via

A

improved insulin sensitivity, heightened caloric expenditure for body fat losses
potential mediation of systemic inflammation and hormone disfunction

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28
Q

is physical activity enough for obesity

A

no

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29
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

chronic disease involving an inability to. properly manage blood glucose

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30
Q

type one diabetes mellitus

A

autoimmune disease characterized by pancreatic atrophy and dysfunction due to compromised beta cells which results in an inability to produce insulin; hereditary usually in early life

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31
Q

type 2 diabetes mellitus

A

progressive insulin insensitivity due to hyperinsulinemia, a reduction of insulin production, or both; caused by poor diet, obesity and sedentary lifestyle

32
Q

gestational diabetes mellitus

A

glucose intolerance during pregnancy caused by metabolic disruption due to weight gain and hormonal changes that counteract function of insulin

33
Q

pre diabetes:
fasting plasma glucose level:
test used:

A

100-125
impaired fasting glycemia

34
Q

prediabetes:
2 hour plasma glucose level:
test used:

A

140-199
impaired glucose test

35
Q

pre diabetes:
hemoglobin A1c test level:

A

5.7-6.4%

36
Q

diabetes:
fasting plasma glucose level:

A

> 126 on two separate occasions

37
Q

diabetes:
2 hour plasma glucose level:
during which test:

A

> 200
oral glucose tolerance test

38
Q

diabetes:
hemoglobin A1c test level:

A

> 6.5%

39
Q

diabetes:
classic diabetes symptoms + random plasma glucose:

A

> 200

40
Q

the hemoglobin A1c test indicates

A

average level of blood sugar over the past 2-3 months

41
Q

diabetes greatly increases the risk for

A

cardiovascular disease, premature mortality

42
Q

when circulating glucose is unmanaged and remains elevated

A

damages blood vessels

43
Q

5 diabetes risk factors

A

family history, obesity, poor diet, gestational diabetes, physical inactivity

44
Q

common complications from diabetes

A

retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cerebrovascular disease

45
Q

retinopathy

A

small blood vessel disease of the eyes that can result in impaired vision or blindness

46
Q

what exercises should be avoided with retinopathy

A

jumping and comprehensive exercises, as well as those that jar the head to lower it below the waist should be avoided

47
Q

nephropathy

A

small blood vessel disease of the kidneys

48
Q

what exercises should be avoided with nephropathy

A

heavy weightlifting, holding ones breath; proper hydration is crucial

49
Q

neuropathy

A

impacts peripheral nerve tissue which results in weakness, numbness, and or pain

50
Q

what exercise should be avoided with neuropathy

A

repetitive impact to the hands or feet, proper footwear should be worn

51
Q

both aerobic and resistance training help improve T2DM via

A

improved insulin sensitivity, enhanced blood glucose tolerance, reduced body fat, improved overall metabolic efficiency

52
Q

second leading cause of death in the US

A

cancer

53
Q

90-95% of cancers are estimated to be related to

A

lifestyle and environment

54
Q

cancer

A

abnormal growth of cells that multiply immeasurably, periodically spreading to other tissues

55
Q

correlating factors of cancer include

A

smoking, alcohol, diet, environment, radiation, sun exposure, stress, physical inactivity, sexually transmitted disease, obesity

56
Q

there is a strong link between physical activity and a decreased risk of these 3 cancers

A

postmenopausal breast, colorectal, endometrial

57
Q

there is a strong link between body fatness and an increased risk of these 7 cancers

A

gallbladder, kidney, colorectal, esophageal, postmenopausal breast, pancreatic, endometrial

58
Q

___% cancer deaths related to tobacco

A

20-25

59
Q

___% cancer deaths related to diet

A

30-35

60
Q

___% cancer deaths related to infections

A

15-20

61
Q

___% cancer deaths related to physical inactivity, radiation, stress, environment

A

15-30

62
Q

appropriate aerobic and anaerobic exercise for those with cancer can improve

A

quality of life, chronic fatigue, support immune/metabolic function

63
Q

exercise can positively impact obese individuals through
a. Reduced water retention
b. Increased insulin insensitivity
c. Mediation of systemic inflammation
d. All of the above

A

c

64
Q

obesity is associated with which of the following issues
a. sleep apnea
b. increased risk for premature death
c. metabolic syndrome
d. all of the above

A

d

65
Q

Obesity is known to increase the risk for which of the following types of cancer?
a. Lung
b. Brain
c. Skin
d. Breast

A

d

66
Q

diabetes is diagnosed with a fasting blood glucose level of
a. >100
b. >115
c. >126
d. >140

A

c

67
Q

Diabetics are at a higher risk for which of the following?
a. Blindness
b. Heart disease
c. Kidney failure
d. All of the above

A

d

68
Q

Which of the following activities would present the greatest risk for a diabetic client suffering from retinopathy or nephropathy?
a. Leg press at 80% 1RM
b. Bicep curls at 70% 1RM
c. 200m intervals in a pool
d. Steady-state cycling at 65% of VO2max

A

a

69
Q

____ is associated with insulin insensitivity and is often caused by a combination of poor dietary behaviors, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle.

A

type 2 diabetes

70
Q

High ____ fat storage can promote low-grade, systemic inflammation which leads to insulin resistance and hormonal dysfunction.

A

visceral

71
Q

If working with a client who suffers from diabetic___, exercises which cause repetitive impact to the hands and feet should be avoided.

A

neuropathy

72
Q

True or False? Obesity increases one’s risk for heart disease

A

true

73
Q

True or False? Stage 1 obesity is classified as ≥30% body fat for adult males and ≥35% body fat for adult females

A

false

74
Q

True or False? An estimated 90-95% of cancer cases are related to lifestyle and environmental factors.

A

true

75
Q

Identify at least three lifestyle behaviors potentially associated with obesity

A

ppor diet
sedentary behavior
excessive alcohol
poor sleeping
unmanaged stress

76
Q

identify at least three risk factors for diabetes

A

family history
obesity
poor diet
pregnancy
physical inactivity

77
Q

identify at least three lifestyle or environmental factors potentially associated with cancer

A

smoking
alcohol
diet (processed/fried food, red meat)
environmental pollutants
radiation
sun exposure
stress
physical inactivity
STD
obesity

CPT (41 decks)

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