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CPT > muscular units and postural distortions > Flashcards

muscular units and postural distortions Flashcards

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1
Q

the boys ability to transfer force depends upon (3)

A

the neural proficiency of muscle activation
the health and efficiency of associated nones, joints, ligaments
the added support of associated muscles and fascia

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2
Q

if the trunk lacks stability, force transfer during ___,____,____,____ actions will be greatly reduced

A

throwing, running, kicking, jumping

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3
Q

trunk efficiency is especially critical for

A

energy transfer from lower to upper and upper to lower segments

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4
Q

the body relies on 2 muscle systems

A

inner and outer unit

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5
Q

inner unit

A

local stabilizers that support the spine/pelvis

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6
Q

outer units

A

myofascial sling systems; global stabilizers that work reactively to control body segments and provide functional force closure

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7
Q

collective group of local spinal and pelvic stabilizers

A

inner unit

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8
Q

inner unit includes which muscles

A

transverse abdominis, diaphragm, posterior internal oblique, pelvic floor, mutlifidus

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9
Q

global systems that function to stabilize the spine/pelvis during movement involving the extremities

A

outer units

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10
Q

outer units work with the inner unit to

A

transfer force to hands/feet across the trunk

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11
Q

transverse abdominis helps maintain

A

proper intra-abdominal pressure to manage flexion/extension of the spine

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12
Q

transverse abdominis enhances

A

rigidity of the thoracolumbar fascia to improve bracing of limbo-pelvic region

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13
Q

delayed firing of transverse abdominis is associated with

A

poor core stability and low back pain

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14
Q

multifidus contracts with the ___ to ___

A

TVA, prevent undesirable changes in spinal segment positioning

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15
Q

hoop tension

A

created between the TVA and miltifidi which connect moving segments of the vertebrae

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16
Q

diaphragm serves as

A

respiratory muscle and local stabilizer via top-down support

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17
Q

pelvic floor stabilizes

A

front and back by acting on the pelvis

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18
Q

pelvic floor anchors

A

pelvic girdle in response to bracing and loading

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19
Q

cooperative units of muscle and fascia designed t manage close-chain actions by producing

A

slings of force that transfer loads across body segments

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20
Q

posterior oblique sling system includes the (3)

A

lats, glute max, thoracolumbar fascia

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21
Q

posterior oblique sling system integrates with central stabilizers to form _____ between _____ and ____

A

a structural force transfer bridge; lumbar spine and pelvic girdle

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22
Q

issues with the posterior oblique sling system can impact forces that contribute to

A

speed, strength, power

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23
Q

anterior oblique sling system complimentarily opposes the _____ via the combined function of ____, ___ and ___

A

posterior oblique system
obliques, adductors, abdominal fascia

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24
Q

anterior oblique sling system creates _____ for the anterior sling and is integral to _____ plane locomotion

A

cross-stabilization; sagittal

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25
Q

deep longitudinal sling system includes the ___ and ____, ____, and _____ ligament connecting with the _____; extends to the _____

A

erector spinar, thoracolumbar fascia
multifidus
sacrotiberous
hamstrings
lower extremities

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26
Q

deep longitudinal sling system connects multiple joint segments for

A

efficient sprinting mechanics due to combined extension of the hip and knee

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27
Q

lateral sling system includes the ____,____,____ to provide ___ plane stability and aid in _____ bipedal and climbing motions

A

hip abductors, quadratus lumborum, thigh adductors
frontal
vertical/horizontal

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28
Q

lateral sling system stabilizes

A

hip loading for actions such as climbing a ladder and stepping up stairs

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29
Q

individuals with postural or muscular imbalances experience impaired

A

joint function and coordination between inner and outer unit

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30
Q

_____ can increase the risk for postural distortions, but problems usually develop over time due to ____ or ______

A

genetic predisposition
inactivity
chronically repeated actions/postures

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31
Q

many issues arise as changes in joint position case changes in biomechanics: muscles become imbalances and ____ may occur within functional units

A

reciprocal inhibition

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32
Q

example of reciprocal inhibition

A

inhibition of the abdominals and glutes due to excessively tight hip flexors

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33
Q

reciprocal inhibition

A

neuromuscular regulation of agonist-antagonist contraction patterns to reduce resistance during opposing joint actions

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34
Q

reciprocal inhibition allows

A

fluid movement and activation patterns

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35
Q

common causes of chronic postural distortions and/or muscular imbalances

A

poor posutre
sedentary behavior
repetitive training actions
poorly-devised exercise programs
incorrect instruction or technique
injury-related movement compensations

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36
Q

common postural distortions include (7)

A

forward head posture or rounded shoulders
winged scapulae
upper cross syndrome
kyphosis of the thoracic
lordosis of the lumbar and lower cross syndrome
undesirable fixed pelvic tilt
LE distortions

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37
Q

winged scapulae

A

lifted and outwardly-rotated scapular positions
protrude away from ribcage

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38
Q

winged scapulae causes

A

shoulder complex dysfunction and potential pain

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39
Q

upper cross syndrome

A

upper body postural distortion that presents as forward head, raised, internally-rotated or rounded/forward shoulders with an exaggerated thoracic curvature

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40
Q

upper cross syndrome contributes to

A

upper back pain, shoulder dysfunction and training limitations for UE

41
Q

kyphosis

A

excessive curvature of thoracic, bowed/rounded back

42
Q

kyphosis contributes to

A

upper back pain, significant decline in shoulder mobility

43
Q

lordosis

A

excessive concavity or inward curvature of the lumbar spine

44
Q

lordosis usually presents as part of the

A

lower cross syndrome

45
Q

lordosis contributes to

A

lower back pain, hip dysfunction

46
Q

lower cross syndrome

A

lower body distortion characterized by an undesirable anterior tilt of the pelvis with lordosis to due severe muscular imbalance in the lumbo-pelvic region

47
Q

lower cross syndrome contributes to

A

significant core instability, lower body training limitations, lower back pain

48
Q

a ____ can be used to observe static variations in anatomical positions caused by postural distortions

A

plumb line

49
Q

a plumb line should go through the following locations, top to bottoms (6)

A

earhole
AC joint
central vertebral bodies
greater trochanter of the hips
slightly anterior to midline knee
anterior portion of lateral malleolus through calcaneocuboid joint

50
Q

each client should be evaluated for issues in both ___ and ___ postures

A

static, dynamic

51
Q

postural and phasic muscles are often too

A

tight, overactive or weak, underachieve

52
Q

overactivity

A

postural muscles tend to become immobile, phasic muscles weaken

53
Q

postural muscles at risk for distortion

A

upper trap, levator scap, spinal extensor, hip flexor

54
Q

phasic muscles at risk for distortion

A

lower/mid trap, abdominals, gluteals, vastus medialis

55
Q

postural distortions are categorized into clinically-diagnosed musculoskeletal problems including (3)

A

upper body/extremity distortions
lumbo-pelvic-hip distortions
lower/distal-extremity distortions

56
Q

upper body/extremity distortions

A

forward chin, hypnotic exaggeration, upper cross syndrome, dowagers hump

57
Q

lumbo-pelvic-hip distortions

A

lower cross syndrome, fixed pelvic tilting

58
Q

lower/distal-extremity distortions

A

knee rotation and ankle pronation/supination issues

59
Q

upper body segments commonly migrate

A

forward

60
Q

common issues in upper body segments include

A

shoulder joint dysfunction, winged scapulae, impingement syndrome and kinetic chain disturbances

61
Q

forward chin

A

upper trap and levator scap become overactive wile reciprocating muscles of the scapula become underactive

62
Q

progression into rounded shoulders/kyphosis

A

mid/lower traps become less active, serrates anterior becomes overactive, rhomboids/pec activate improperly

63
Q

upper cross syndrome:
- shoulders ____
- lats, teres major, subs cap and pec become ____, ____ and ____
- infraspinatus, teres minor, rhomboids and mid/low traps become ____ and ____
- postural joint capsules ___, limiting ability of glenohumeral heads to migrate _____

A

pulled forward
shortened, strong and overactive
lengthened and weak
posteriorly

64
Q

distortions at the limbo-pelvic regions can occur in the ____ and ___ planes

A

sagittal, frontal

65
Q

lower cross syndrome:
- reciprocal weakness and tightness of the musculature attached to _____
- commonly caused by _____, _____ which shorten the hip flexors, and imbalanced, bilateral lower body training using an _____
- characterized by undesirable _____, ______, _____
- chronic anterior pelvic shift shuts off the ____ muscles as the ___ and ____ manage central stability
- exaggerated ____- glutes, abdominals, spinal stabilizers are _____; calves, hip adductors, hamstrings, erector spinae, rectus femoris and hip flexors are ____

A

pelvic girdle
poor posture, sedentary behavior; arched back
pelvic tilting, core instability, lower back pain
core muscles, hip flexors and low back
lordosis, underactive, overactive

66
Q

fixed lateral pelvic tilting presents as

A

hip elevation (hiking up) on one side of the pelvis while the opposing side is depressed

67
Q

fixed lateral pelvic tilting:
increased hip ____ on raised side
increased hip ____ on lowered side

A

adduction
abduction

68
Q

fixed lateral pelvic tilting creates problems with

A

locomotion, leg length disparities, frontal plane stability, combined knee and hip flexion, and hip or mid back pain

69
Q

fixed lateral pelvic tilting: primary overactive problem areas

A

QL, psoas, adductors on elevated side
abductors on depressed side

70
Q

fixed lateral pelvic tilting can be caused by

A

single-side dominant postures, lower limb injuries or performing repeated actions in the same plane

71
Q

tibial-femoral dysfunction

A

distortions at knee and ankle joints

72
Q

common tibial-femoral dysfunctions

A

ankle over pronation or supinati9on
varus knees
valgus knees
combination

73
Q

varus knees

A

bow legged, external rotation at hip

74
Q

valgus knees

A

knees in, heels inward, toes out; internal rotation at hip

75
Q

biomechanics adjustments in the hip changes

A

pelvic-femoral positioning which distorts the LE

76
Q

feet are pronated and the knees move in: overactive ____, ____ and ___ with weak ____ and ____ insufficiency

A

vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, adductors
gluteals, vastus medialis

77
Q

feet turn out and heels rotate in:
overactive ____ and ____ with underactive _____

A

calves, hamstrings
adductors

78
Q

common injuries associated with knee/ankle distortions

A

plantar fasciitis, shin splints, IT band syndrome, jumpers knee

79
Q

forward chin training issues

A

vertical transfer from pulls, overhead pressing limitations, difficulty in receive positions of cleans and snatches and compromised core stability during front squats

80
Q

kyphotic exaggeration training issues

A

inability to perform overhead lifts, receives, proper bilateral row positions; spinal position during pulls and squats

81
Q

limbo-pelvic-hip postural distortion training issues- lower cross

A

compromise to bilateral hip and knee flexion (squats) inability to access core musculature, inhibition to glute-driven hip extension and knee position during heavy loading

82
Q

limbo-pelvic-hip postural distortion training issues- fixed lateral pelvic tilt

A

all squatting, compensatory dominance in leg exercises and ballistic hip extension, spinal stabilization

83
Q

distal extremity postural distortion training issues

A

improper activation during squats, compromised pull position, difficulty with single-leg balance

84
Q

The body’s ability to transfer force depends on:
a. Neural efficiency
b. Postural support by muscles and fascia
c. Anatomical positioning of bones
d. All of the above

A

d

85
Q

Which of the following muscles of the inner unit directly connects to segments of the spine to thwart undesirable movements of the spine?
a. Diaphragm
b. Pelvic floor
c. Transverse abdominis
d. Multifidus

A

d

86
Q

Which sling system helps for actions such as stepping up a ladder or stairs?
a. Longitudinal
b. Lateral
c. Anterior oblique
d. Posterior oblique

A

b

87
Q

Which of the following muscles becomes tight during upper cross syndrome?
a. The rhomboids
b. Pectorals
c. Lower trapezius
d. Rectus abdominis

A

b

88
Q

Which of the following postural distortions is directly associated with exaggerated lumbar lordosis with tightness in the hip flexors and lower back?
a. Lateral pelvic tilting
b. Dowager’s hump
c. Lower cross syndrome
d. Valgus knees with ankle over-supination

A

c

89
Q

Which of the following is not associated with lower/distal extremity postural distortions?
a. Plantar fasciitis
b. Shin splints
c. Issues with single-leg balance exercises
d. Posterior shoulder capsule tightness

A

d

90
Q

true or false: the outer unit, or sling systems, are compromised of cooperative units of muscle and fascia that help maintain primal movements and transfer force across the body

A

true

91
Q

true or false: the anterior oblique sling system functions to stabilize the spine during jumping actions

A

false

92
Q

a ___ can be used to observe static variations in posture caused by distortions or muscle imbalance

A

plumb line

93
Q

____ refers to the neuromuscular regulation of agonist-antagonist contraction patterns that reduce resistance during opposing joint actions

A

reciprocal inhibition

94
Q

identify the four components of the inner unit (core muscles)

A

transverse abdominis
diaphragm
multifidus
pelvic floor

95
Q

identify two muscle groups that become tight and overactive during lower cross syndrome

A

hip flexors
erector spinae

96
Q

identity two phasic muscles (force transfer facilitators) at risk for postural distortions

A

lower/mid trap
abdominals
gluteals
quadriceps

97
Q

identify at least two examples of upper body postural distortions

A

forward chin
kyphosis
upper cross syndrome
winged scapulae
dowagers hump

98
Q

identify at least two examples of lower body postural distortions

A

lower cross syndrome
fixed pelvic tilting

99
Q

identify two examples of lower extremity postural distortions

A

knee rotation issues
ankle pronation or supination

CPT (36 decks)

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