weight management and energy balance

Question 1

each of the following factors can have an impact on weight loss program adherence or success

Answer 1

social, economic, physiological, psychological, emotional

Question 2

social settings can create major obstacles to weight loss due to

Answer 2

pressure to eat when calories are not needed

Question 3

obstacles to weight loss

Answer 3

over consumption
large portions
boredom/social eating
location eating
pressure to try food
multiple/large dishes at restaurants
not knowing caloric densities
throwing out restrictive habits
alcohol
peer pressure

Question 4

___ calorie ___ cost foods have become a staple of many American diets

Answer 4

high, low

Question 5

food desserts

Answer 5

lack fresh healthy food options, reflect areas with impoverished population segments where the risk is intensified

Question 6

___ is the primary physiological determinant for eating behaviors

Answer 6

hunger

Question 7

hunger is stimulated by

Answer 7

hypothalamus

Question 8

hunger stems from the

Answer 8

physiological need to eat based on body signals

Question 9

hunger is feeling that

Answer 9

does not indicate exact caloric need

Question 10

satiation is experienced when

Answer 10

the body indicates it has consumed enough food, shutting off the hunger response

Question 11

ignoring hunger can result in

Answer 11

heightened psychological perception of energy needs termed appetite, which usually results in overeating

Question 12

the psychological pleasure of eating contributes to

Answer 12

calorically dense diets

Question 13

people find pleasure in taste, texture and sensations associated with

Answer 13

certain food or environments

Question 14

_____ foods rich in ____, ___ and ____ have the most desirable tastes and therefore present major problems in a diet aimed at weight loss

Answer 14

high calorie, fat, sugar, salt

Question 15

psychological considerations can also include

Answer 15

behavioral patterns
environmental cues
learned eating behaviors
perception of the monetary value o food

Question 16

learned eating behaviors include

Answer 16

eating everything on the plate regardless of hunger, eating patterns learned from parents/family and cultural habits

Question 17

______ can drive people to eat when they are not hungry, such as

Answer 17

certain emotions or mental states
stress, sadness, loneliness or boredom

Question 18

when individuals routinely consume food excess of the body’s caloric requirements,

Answer 18

energy balance becomes uneven

Question 19

energy balance=

Answer 19

calories consumed vs calories expended

Question 20

calories consumed > expended

Answer 20

potential weight gain from positive caloric balance

Question 21

calories expended > consumed

Answer 21

potential weight loss from negative caloric balance

Question 22

calories consumed=expended

Answer 22

weight should remain unchanged, isocaloric balance

Question 23

significant caloric restriction causes

Answer 23

weight loss

Question 24

significant caloric restriction weight loss results from

Answer 24

water and lean mass reductions, especially with inadequate protein intake and aerobic exercise

Question 25

cutting calories below what is needed for the ___ causes the ____ to create strong signals to consume food

Answer 25

RMR, hypothalamus

Question 26

RMR

Answer 26

the energy required to supply bodily functions during resting conditions

Question 27

for severely obese individuals, some physicians may prescribe

Answer 27

very low calorie diets

Question 28

VLCD

Answer 28

contain 800-1200 kcals/day

Question 29

VLCD should only be prescribed by

Answer 29

medical doctor and require closely-monitored food selections for nutrient density

Question 30

minimum recommended caloric intake for adequate nutrient consumption

Answer 30

1200 kcal/day

Question 31

yo-yo dieting without appropriate exercise can

Answer 31

negatively affect metabolism over time

Question 32

yo-yo dieting

Answer 32

cyclical loss and gain of weight associated with failing to adhere to strict healthy eating plans

Question 33

effects of yo-yo dieting

Answer 33

weight loss through diet, weight gain when diet ends

Question 34

intermittent fasting appears to promote

Answer 34

weight loss, improve metabolic health

Question 35

intermittent fasting evidence is particularly strong when

Answer 35

the eating pattern reduces to eliminates nighttime feeding

Question 36

intermittent fasting

Answer 36

umbrella term for several patterns of fasting and non-fasting over defined periods of independent caloric restriction (often eating occurs over a period of 3-8 hours per day)