WBC ABNORMALITIES Flashcards
what are the included abnormalities in wbc morphology (nuclear abnormalities)
Pelger-Huet Anomaly
Hypersegmented Neutrophils
Barr Body
- Indicates failure of neutrophil to segment properly
- bi lobed nucleus
- chromatin is coarsely clumped
- inherited or acquired (leukemia)
- heterozygous character: numerous bi-lobed (dumbell shape)
- homozygous character: round neutrophil
Pelger-Huet anomaly
- neutrophils with six or more lobed nucleus
- represent an abnormality in maturation of neutrophil
- acquired (megalobalastic erythropoiesis)
- inherited (undritz anomaly)
hypersegmented neutrophils
hypersegmented neutrophils is found in
pernicous anemia, folic acid deficiency and chronic infections
- sex chromatin
- represent the second X chromosome in females (2-3% of neutrophils in females)
- small, wedd-defined, round projection of nuclear chromatin
- these cells are not found in normal males.
Barr Body
What are included in abnormalities in granules
Toxic Granulation
Alder-Relly Anomay
Chediak-Higashi Syndrom (autosomal recessive disorder)
- Dark blue black cytoplasmic granules in neutrophil
- Thought as primary granules
- Show incomplete alkaline phosphatase activity
toxic granulation
toxic granulation is found in
acute infections, drug poisoning and burns.
- heavy, coarse blue black granules of BEN and sometimes lymphocytes and monocytes
- inherited condition
- associated with hurler’s syndrome and hunter’s syndrome
Alder-Reilly Anomaly
- autosomal recessive disorder.
- rare, fatal disorder found in children.
- inherited as an autosomal recessive char
- contain very large, reddish-purple, or greenish-gray staining granules in the cytoplasm of granulocytes.
- in monocytes and lymphocytes, stain bluish-purple.
- these granules represent abnormal lysosomes.
CHEDIAK-HIGASHI SYNDROME
CHEDIAK-HIGASHI SYNDROME IS FOUND IN
anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia.
ABNORMAL GRANULOCYTE MORPHOLOGY (ACQUIRED)
- toxic granulation, cytoplasmic vacuole
- dohle bodies (amato bodies)
- azurophilic granules
- hypersegmentation
WBC DISEASES
Leukopenia
Leukemias
Mononucleosis
abnormally low WBC count – drug induced.
Leukopenia
cancerous condition involving WBCs; named according to the abnormal WBC clone involved.
Leukemia
highly contagious viral disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus; excessive number of agranulocytes; fatigue, sore throat, recover in a few weeks.
Mononucleosis
other abnormalities
smudge or basket cells
jordan’s anomaly
twinning deformity
auer rod
squash-degenerated nucleus of WBCs.
Smudge or Basket Cells
fat-containing vacuoles in WBC cytoplasm, ichthyosis.
Jordan’s Anomaly
road-like structure seen in the cytoplasm of myeloblasts, diagnostic for acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML).
Auer Rod
eosinophilia measures
> 0.7 x 10^9/L
WBC disorder that includes
- allergic disorders (asthma)
- parasitic infections (nematodes)
- skin disease (eczema)
- hodgkin’s disease
- scarlet fever
- pernicious anemia
Eosinophilia
derived from a single precursor cell with all the affected cells (progeny) showing features of deviation from the precursor cell.
Clonal (neoplastic) disorders of WBC
Clonal (neoplastic) disorders of WBC includes
- Myeloproliferative disorders.
- Lymphoproliferative disorders.
- Immunoproliferative disorders.