MICROBIO pro-euk and bacterial structure Flashcards

1
Q

prokaryotes came from the word

A

“pro - before” and “karyon - nucleus, nut or kernel”

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2
Q

organisms that do not contain true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

A

prokaryotes

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3
Q

the functions of prokaryotes takes place in

A

cytoplasm or cytoplasmic membrane

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4
Q

components of prokaryotes

A

cell wall
plasma membrane
cytoplasm
dna
ribosomes
capsule
flagella
fimbriae

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5
Q

rigid structure that contains as peptidoglycan

A

cell wall

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6
Q

cell wall is also referred to as

A

murein layer

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7
Q

provides an extra layer of protection, helps the cell maintain its shape, and prevents dehydration

A

murein layer

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8
Q

outer covering that seprates the cells interior from its surrounding environment

A

plasma membrane

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9
Q

consists of a jelly-like cytosol indisde the cell, plus the cellular structures suspended in it

A

cytoplasm

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10
Q

the genetic material of the cell

A

DNA

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11
Q

molecular machines that synthesize protein

A

Ribosomes

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12
Q

sticky and helps the cell attach to surfaces in its environment

A

Capsule

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13
Q

whip-like structures that acts as rotary motors to help bacteria move

A

Flagella

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14
Q

numerous, hair-like structures that are used for attachment to host cells and other surfaces

A

Fimbriae

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15
Q

organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed w/n membranes, unlike prokaryotes, which have no membrane-bound organelles.

A

eukaryotes

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16
Q

parts of euk.cell

A

plasma membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
chromosomes
nucleolus
ribosomes
mitochondria
peroxisomes
lysosomes

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17
Q

a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
that separates the internal contents of the cell from its surrounding
environment. The plasma membrane controls the passage of organic
molecules, ions, water, and oxygen into and out of the cell. Wastes (such
as carbon dioxide and ammonia) also leave the cell by passing through
the plasma membrane, usually with some help of protein transporters.

A

plasma membrane

18
Q

refers to the entire region of a cell between
the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope. It is
composed of organelles suspended in the gel-like cytosol,
the cytoskeleton, and various chemicals (see figure
below). Even though the cytoplasm consists of 70 to 80
percent water, it nevertheless has a semisolid
consistency. It is crowded in there. Proteins, simple
sugars, polysaccharides, amino acids, nucleic acids,
fatty acids, ions and many other water-soluble
molecules are all competing for space and water.

A

cytoplasm

19
Q

is the most prominent organelle in a cell when viewed
through a microscope. The nucleus (plural = nuclei) houses the
cell’s DNA.

A

nucleus

20
Q

are structures within the nucleus that are
made up of DNA, the hereditary material.

A

chromosomes

21
Q

A darkly staining area within the nucleus called
the nucleolus (plural = nucleoli) aggregates the ribosomal RNA
with associated proteins to assemble the ribosomal subunits
that are then transported out to the cytoplasm through the
pores in the nuclear envelope.

A

nucleolus

22
Q

are the cellular structures responsible for
protein synthesis.

A

ribosomes

23
Q

are often called
the “powerhouses” or “energy factories” of a cell because
they are the primary site of metabolic respiration in
eukaryotes.

A

mitochondria

24
Q

terminal electron is oxygen

A

aerobic respiration

25
Q

a compound other than oxygen
is the terminal receptor

A

anaerobic respiration

26
Q

are small, round organelles enclosed by
single membranes. These organelles carry out redox
reactions that oxidize and break down fatty acids and
amino acids. They also help to detoxify many toxins that
may enter the body.

A

peroxisomes

27
Q

are sometimes called the cell’s “garbage
disposal”. Enzymes within the lysosomes aid the
breakdown of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic
acids, and even “worn-out” organelles.

A

lysosomes

28
Q

structure of bacteria

A

smaller and simpler in structure than eukaryotic cells, with no recognizable organelles.

29
Q

first seen by

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

30
Q

3 categories of bacterial cell structure

A

internal structure, cell envelope, external structures

31
Q

consists of the cytopasm, nucleoid, bacterial chromosome, plasmid, ribosomes and storage granules

A

internal structure

32
Q

cell membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall or an outer lipid membrane (found only in gram (-) cells)

A

cell envelope

33
Q

flagella, fimbriae, sex pilus and glycocalyx considered as appendages and coverings.

A

external structure

34
Q

lies within the plasma membrane, gel-like matrix and is relatively featureless by electron microscope - although small granules can be seen.

A

Cytoplasm

35
Q

composition of cytoplasm

A

water, enzyme, nutrients, wastes and gases.

36
Q

cell structures in cytoplasm

A

ribosomes, chromosome, plasmid

37
Q

function for the cell of cytoplasm

A

growth, metabolism and replication

38
Q

region of cytoplasm where the chromosomal DNA is located and where the strands of DNA are found

A

nucleoid

39
Q

small extra-chromosomal DNA which contains genes for antibiotic resistance or virulence

A

plasmid

40
Q

size and number of plasmid

A

1-200 kb ; 1-700 copies