MICROBIO pro-euk and bacterial structure

Question 1

prokaryotes came from the word

Answer 1

“pro - before” and “karyon - nucleus, nut or kernel”

Question 2

organisms that do not contain true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Answer 2

prokaryotes

Question 3

the functions of prokaryotes takes place in

Answer 3

cytoplasm or cytoplasmic membrane

Question 4

components of prokaryotes

Answer 4

cell wall
plasma membrane
cytoplasm
dna
ribosomes
capsule
flagella
fimbriae

Question 5

rigid structure that contains as peptidoglycan

Answer 5

cell wall

Question 6

cell wall is also referred to as

Answer 6

murein layer

Question 7

provides an extra layer of protection, helps the cell maintain its shape, and prevents dehydration

Answer 7

murein layer

Question 8

outer covering that seprates the cells interior from its surrounding environment

Answer 8

plasma membrane

Question 9

consists of a jelly-like cytosol indisde the cell, plus the cellular structures suspended in it

Answer 9

cytoplasm

Question 10

the genetic material of the cell

Answer 10

DNA

Question 11

molecular machines that synthesize protein

Answer 11

Ribosomes

Question 12

sticky and helps the cell attach to surfaces in its environment

Answer 12

Capsule

Question 13

whip-like structures that acts as rotary motors to help bacteria move

Answer 13

Flagella

Question 14

numerous, hair-like structures that are used for attachment to host cells and other surfaces

Answer 14

Fimbriae

Question 15

organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed w/n membranes, unlike prokaryotes, which have no membrane-bound organelles.

Answer 15

eukaryotes

Question 16

parts of euk.cell

Answer 16

plasma membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
chromosomes
nucleolus
ribosomes
mitochondria
peroxisomes
lysosomes

Question 17

a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
that separates the internal contents of the cell from its surrounding
environment. The plasma membrane controls the passage of organic
molecules, ions, water, and oxygen into and out of the cell. Wastes (such
as carbon dioxide and ammonia) also leave the cell by passing through
the plasma membrane, usually with some help of protein transporters.

Answer 17

plasma membrane

Question 18

refers to the entire region of a cell between
the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope. It is
composed of organelles suspended in the gel-like cytosol,
the cytoskeleton, and various chemicals (see figure
below). Even though the cytoplasm consists of 70 to 80
percent water, it nevertheless has a semisolid
consistency. It is crowded in there. Proteins, simple
sugars, polysaccharides, amino acids, nucleic acids,
fatty acids, ions and many other water-soluble
molecules are all competing for space and water.

Answer 18

cytoplasm

Question 19

is the most prominent organelle in a cell when viewed
through a microscope. The nucleus (plural = nuclei) houses the
cell’s DNA.

Answer 19

nucleus

Question 20

are structures within the nucleus that are
made up of DNA, the hereditary material.

Answer 20

chromosomes

Question 21

A darkly staining area within the nucleus called
the nucleolus (plural = nucleoli) aggregates the ribosomal RNA
with associated proteins to assemble the ribosomal subunits
that are then transported out to the cytoplasm through the
pores in the nuclear envelope.

Answer 21

nucleolus

Question 22

are the cellular structures responsible for
protein synthesis.

Answer 22

ribosomes

Question 23

are often called
the “powerhouses” or “energy factories” of a cell because
they are the primary site of metabolic respiration in
eukaryotes.

Answer 23

mitochondria

Question 24

terminal electron is oxygen

Answer 24

aerobic respiration

Question 25

a compound other than oxygen is the terminal receptor

Answer 25

anaerobic respiration

Question 26

are small, round organelles enclosed by single membranes. These organelles carry out redox reactions that oxidize and break down fatty acids and amino acids. They also help to detoxify many toxins that may enter the body.

Answer 26

peroxisomes

Question 27

are sometimes called the cell’s “garbage disposal”. Enzymes within the lysosomes aid the breakdown of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and even "worn-out" organelles.

Answer 27

lysosomes

Question 28

structure of bacteria

Answer 28

smaller and simpler in structure than eukaryotic cells, with no recognizable organelles.

Question 29

first seen by

Answer 29

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 30

3 categories of bacterial cell structure

Answer 30

internal structure, cell envelope, external structures

Question 31

consists of the cytopasm, nucleoid, bacterial chromosome, plasmid, ribosomes and storage granules

Answer 31

internal structure

Question 32

cell membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall or an outer lipid membrane (found only in gram (-) cells)

Answer 32

cell envelope

Question 33

flagella, fimbriae, sex pilus and glycocalyx considered as appendages and coverings.

Answer 33

external structure

Question 34

lies within the plasma membrane, gel-like matrix and is relatively featureless by electron microscope - although small granules can be seen.

Answer 34

Cytoplasm

Question 35

composition of cytoplasm

Answer 35

water, enzyme, nutrients, wastes and gases.

Question 36

cell structures in cytoplasm

Answer 36

ribosomes, chromosome, plasmid

Question 37

function for the cell of cytoplasm

Answer 37

growth, metabolism and replication

Question 38

region of cytoplasm where the chromosomal DNA is located and where the strands of DNA are found

Answer 38

nucleoid

Question 39

small extra-chromosomal DNA which contains genes for antibiotic resistance or virulence

Answer 39

plasmid

Question 40

size and number of plasmid

Answer 40

1-200 kb ; 1-700 copies