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AUBF PREGNANCY TEST Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 biological method in pt

A

frog’s test
ascheim-zondek test
friedmann’s test
hoffman’s test

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2
Q

Most reliable and accurate biological method of pregnancy testing

A

Frog’s Test

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3
Q

what type of frog is used in frog’s test

A

Green grass frog in rice field

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4
Q

Collection of urine specimen in frog’s test

A

anytime as long as the specimen is freshly voided

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5
Q

female’s frog test

A

hogben

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6
Q

principle of hogbens test

A

When Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) is injected to female frogs; it will cause extrusion of eggs/ova.

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7
Q

scientific name of the clawed foot frog or south african frog used in hogben

A

Xenopus laevis

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8
Q

in hogben’s ___ is produced

A

Egg Cell

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9
Q

preparation for female frog

A
  • 1 week old female frog
  • Frogs must stain from food for 12 hours
  • Extract frog’s urine at cloaca
    (vagina/frog part where to urinate
    “butt”)
  • Examine EGG CELL of frog.
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10
Q

male’s frog test

A

galli-mainini test

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11
Q

principle of galli-mainini

A

When Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) is injected to a male frog; it will cause the release of cigar- shaped spermatozoa.

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12
Q

scientific name of male frog

A

Rana viteggera (vittigera) or Rana pipiens

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13
Q

galli-mainini produces ____

A

sperm cell

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14
Q

purpose of frog test

A
  • Determine Pregnancy
  • Determine true pregnancy from other
    usual conditions
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15
Q

a condition of molar pregnancy, or also known as resemblance of “latu-latu”

A

Hydatidiform Mole

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16
Q

a condition of cancer of testes, “terra”

A

Terratoma

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17
Q

Quantitative test used to differentiate true pregnancy from chorioepithelioma.

A

Ascheim-Zondek Test

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18
Q

Principle of Ascheim-Zondek Test

A

When Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) is injected to immature female white mice; it will cause enlargement of ovary and appearance of hemorrhagic spots macroscopically and the ripening of graffian follicle of corpus luteum microscopically.

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19
Q

reddish color (macroscopically) in Ascheim

A

Corpura hemorrhagica

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20
Q

yellowish color (microscopically) in Ascheim

A

Corpura lutea

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21
Q

animal used in Ascheim

A

Immature Female white mice

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22
Q

weight of mice in ascheim zondek

A

5-8 grams

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23
Q

the age of mice in ascheim

A

21-31 days old

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24
Q

urine specimen in ascheim should be

A

24 hours

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25
Q

in ascheim, the mice is.

A

killed 96 to 100 hours after 1st injection and After killing the mice, performed AUTOPSY using ETHER.

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26
Q

Quantitative test used in suspended hydatidiform, terratoma and tumor of testes.

A

Friedmann’s Test

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27
Q

principle of friedmann’s

A

When HCG is injected in female virgin rabbit it will produce 1-6 corpura hemorrhagica in the surface of ovary. The ovary become full and may also have corpura lutea.

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28
Q

Animal used in Friedmann

A

Female Virgin Rabbit

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29
Q

specimen in friedmann

A

urine w/c is injected in the marginal ear

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30
Q

resemble/same with friedmann

A

Hoffman’s Test

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31
Q

specimen in hoffman

A

serum

32
Q

what are the immunological pregnancy test

A

direct p.t
indirect p.t

33
Q

immunological pt where urine is mixed with anti-serum (same with blood typing)

A

Direct P.T

34
Q

in direct pt, a ___ should be observed.

A

agglutination

35
Q

reading of agglutination in direct pt

A

With Agglutination: POSITIVE
Without Agglutination: NEGATIVE

36
Q

test in direct pt

A

Dap Test

37
Q

a test in direct pt that uses urine and serum and early as 4 days after, the result is already observe.

A

Dap Test

38
Q

in indirect pregnancy agglutination is also observed where the results are read as..

A

✓ With Agglutination: NEGATIVE
ㄨ Without Agglutination: POSITIVE

39
Q

tests in indirect pt

A

Gravindex
Ortho PT
Denco PT

40
Q

a slide test for pregnancy where no agglutination is positive

A

Gravindex

41
Q

Sensitive as early as 42 days after the
onset of the last menstruation.

A

Ortho PT

42
Q

Ortho PT result is interpreted by..

A

appearance of turbidity where presence of turbidity = positive.

43
Q

Denco PT is interpreted through..

A
  • “doughnut-like” pattern is POSITIVE.
  • “MAT” pattern only (test tube) is
    NEGATIVE.
44
Q

considered as less accurate and less popular.

A

Chemical PT

45
Q

types of chemical pt

A

prenandiol test
iodine or lugol’s reaction test

46
Q

a chemical pt that detect present of PROGESTERONE.

A

Prenandiol Test

47
Q

the interpretation of results in Prenandiol

A

orange to deep brown is POSITIVE - amber & other colors are NEGATIVE.

48
Q

chemical pt that Detects presence of the fight and flight emergency hormone EPINEPHRINE.

A

Iodine or Lugol’s Reaction Test

49
Q

interpretation of result in Iodine or Lugol’s Reaction Test

A

deep orange to brown is POSITIVE.

50
Q

A PT done by the clinicians/physicians.

A

Clinician’s Test

51
Q

types of clinician test

A

Prostigmen Withdrawal Bleeding Test
Skin Colostrum Test
Primodos Oral Test
Gestex Tablet

52
Q

process of Prostigmen Withdrawal Bleeding Test

A
  • Prostigmen is injected to patients.
  • Prostigmen injection is used.
  • If woman menstruate 2 weeks after, she is not pregnant
53
Q

skin colostrum test preparation

A

Colostrum preparation is injected to subcutaneous of arms of the patient.
(COLOSTRUM – 1st injection of the mammary
gland.)

54
Q

interpretation of skin colostrum test

A
  • If woman is not pregnant area will swell showing a REDDISH coloration and develop an allergy reaction.
  • If the woman is pregnant, the body would not react as it would only secrete colostrum substances.
  • RED and SWELLING is negative; NOT RED and NOT SWELLING is positive.
55
Q

a clinician test that utilizes tablet/drugs

A

Primodos Oral Test
Gestex Tablet

56
Q

in Primodos Oral Test, a tablet is taken..

A

2 tablets taken once a day for 2 consecutive days. (4 pcs) 4pcs/day.

57
Q

interpretation of result of Primodos Oral Test

A

If woman menstruate 2-3 days after, she is not pregnant.

58
Q

a tablet mistakenly considered as abortion tablet but is not.

A

Gestex Tablet

59
Q

in gestex tablet, a tablet is taken..

A

orally taken (1 tablet per day)

60
Q

interpretation of result in gestex tablet

A

Within 4-5 days, the woman bleeds if she is not pregnant, no bleeding occurs if she is pregnant.

61
Q

a pt that is no longer used in the present time in clinical laboratories as it may cause false-positive pregnancy test results.

A

Biological PT

62
Q

purpose of PT

A

1) Confirmation of early normal pregnancy.
2) Evaluation of abnormal pregnancy.
3) Study of trophoblastic disease.

63
Q

causes of animal’s death in test

A

alkaline urine
toxic urine
susceptible animal
bacterial contamination

64
Q

when test animal dies due to alkaline urine, the remedy is to..

A

acidify the urine by adding 0.1N HCl (the pH should at least be 6.0)

65
Q

when test animal dies due to toxic urine where the toxic substances causes the death of animal, the remedy is to

A

Detoxify with Kaolin

66
Q

If the test animal is sick it is considered as

A

Susceptible Animal

67
Q

when a sick (susceptible) animal is injected, it would most likely to die as they are prone to disease therefore if this happens, the research should..

A

Find and make use of another animal
instead.

68
Q

urine containing bacteria would most likely cause an infection to human. when the urine of those who are diagnosed with UTI/infections is used, the test animal would die. therefore, the remedy to this is to

A

Acidify the urine using 0.1N HCl

69
Q

The HORMONE can be concentrated by adding

A
  1. Kaolin
  2. Absolute alcohol 3. Acetone
70
Q

Defined as thespecific gonadotropic activity of 0.1 mg of HCG preparation which is required to produce cornification of vaginal epithelium of immature female rat.

A

International Unit

71
Q

It is same with IU (measured as IU) but expressed in cc or smallest amount of urine that produces positive result.

A

Mouse Unit

72
Q

produced in the placenta by the trophoblastic cells during the early months of pregnancy and is also measured as IU.

A

HCG - Human Chorionic Gonadotropic

73
Q

CAUSES OF FALSE-POSITIVE PREGNANCY TEST

A

Ectopic Pregnancy
Increase Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Appendicitis
Abortion or Miscarriage
Seasonal variation of test animals

74
Q

a false-positive pt where Fetus is developed outside the uterus (most Fallopian tube)

A

Ectopic Preganancy

75
Q

what hormone produced by Anterior Pituitary Gland when increased may cause a false-positive pt?

A

Follicle-stimulating Hormone

76
Q

how does abortion or miscarriage cause a false-positive pt?

A

happens when there is an abortion or miscarriage happened and the mother did not perform Dilatation & Curettage (D&C) cleansing of the uterus.

77
Q

CAUSES OF FALSE NEGATIVE PREGNANCY TEST

A
  1. Low titer of concentration of hormone
  2. Low sensitivity of animal
  3. Toxic urine

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