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CC - LIPIDS Flashcards

1
Q

are large molecules made up of elements – C, H, O

A

Fats or Lipids

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2
Q

Fats or Lipids are large molecules made up of elements – _, _, _

A

C, H, O

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3
Q

Fats/Lipids Hydrogen to Oxygen ratio is higher than __

A

2:1

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4
Q

Due to such a _________, ____ contains more energy storing carbon hydrogen bonds than _________

A

molecular arrangement ; fat ; carbohydrate

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5
Q

_____ are non-polar, insoluble molecules, So they are perfect _______ .

A

Fats ; storage molecules

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6
Q

Thus our body converts all the excess ______ taken through’ diet into ____.

A

sugar ; fat

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7
Q

Oils and fats are made up of more than one component.

A
  1. Glycerol
  2. Fatty acids
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8
Q

_____ is a 3 carbon molecule each with a hydroxyl group (-OH).

A

Glycerol

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9
Q

forms the backbone of fat molecule.

A

3 carbon molecule

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10
Q

Fatty acids are long chains with only _____ and ______ in a chain and at the end there will be another group, _______

A

carbon ; hydrogen ; carboxyl group ( -COOH)

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11
Q

Roles of Lipids

A
  • Source of energy
  • Integral part of cellular membranes that assist in cell structure
  • Converted to hormones or hormone precursors
  • Insulators for nerve conduction and heat retention
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12
Q

Classification of Lipids

A

Simple
Compound

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13
Q

FA’s esterified with glycerol

A

Simple Lipids

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14
Q

same as simple, but with other compounds also attached

A

Compound Lipids

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15
Q

fats containing phosphoric acid and nitrogen (lecithin)

A

Phospholipids

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16
Q

FA’s compounded with CHO, but no N

A

Glycolipids

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17
Q

substances from the above (simple and compound) derived by hydrolysis

A

Derived Lipids

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18
Q

large molecular wt. alcohols found in nature and combined w/ FA’s (e.g.cholesterol)

A

Sterols

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19
Q

the _____ of a lipid have no double bonds between carbons in chains they are tightly packed (like building a wall with bricks)

A

SFA’s - saturated fatty acid

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20
Q

stearic melts at ____ clog arteries as ______

A

70oC ; atherosclerosis

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21
Q

more than one double bond in the chain because of double bonds PUFA do not pack well.

A

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

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22
Q

most common polyunsaturated fats are _____, _____ and _______.

A

oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid

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23
Q

oleic melts at ____

A

26oC

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24
Q

unsaturated fats have lower ______, ______ objects

A

melting points ; irregular-shaped

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25
Linear chain of C-H bonds
Fatty Acids
26
Fatty acids terminate with a ______ group
carboxyl
27
Fatty acid is an integral part of _________
triglycerides/phospholipids
28
Body makes most ______ and _______ store large amounts of energy
fatty acids ; fatty acids
29
Essential fatty acids
linolenic and linoleic acid
30
Fatty acid is Acquired by ____
diet
31
Composed of 3 fatty acid molecules, which includes glycerol
Triglycerides
32
Triglycerides is ______ = water insoluble
Hydrophobic
33
Triglycerides comprises _____ of fat stored in tissue
95%
34
Come from the diet - Plant or animal sources
Exogenous
35
Synthesized by the body
Endogenous
36
Composed of 2 fatty acid molecules
Phospholipids
37
Phospholipids is ______ meaning has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts
Amphipathic
38
Phospholipids is found on surfaces of _______.
lipid layers
39
Phospholipids is synthesized in the ______
liver
40
Synthesized in animals, plants, our bodies
Cholesterol
41
Functions of Cholesterol
- Promotes fat absorption in intestine via bile acids - Produces some hormones - Transforms Vitamin D in the skin - Component of cell membranes (Amphipathic)
42
Originates in animal products
Exogenous
43
Exogenous is also absorbed via _____ secretions, _____ secretions, and turnover of __________
biliary ; intestinal ; intestinal mucosal cells
44
Produced in the liver and intestine from acetyl-CoA
Endogenous
45
General Structure of Lipoproteins
- Size of the molecule correlates with lipid content - Composed of both lipids and proteins - Outer layer of proteins called the apolipoprotein
46
Size of the molecule correlates with ______ content
lipid
47
Lipoprotein is composed of both _____ and _______
lipids ; proteins
48
In lipoprotein, outer layer of proteins called the ________
apolipoprotein
49
Five categories of Lipoprotein
1. Chylomicrons 2. VLDL 3. IDL 4. LDL 5. HDL
50
Largest and least dense of the lipoproteins
Chylomicron
51
Lipid-rich transport vessel that carries triglyceride in circulatory system to cells
Chylomicron
52
Chylomicron is observed as a _____ layer in a samle
creamy
53
very low density lipoproteins
VLDL
54
Carry triglycerides to cells for energy use and storage
VLDL
55
VLDL is ____ made
liver
56
VLDL specimen appears ______ in fasting samples
turbid
57
High density lipoproteins
HDL
58
Gather excess cholesterol and return them to liver
HDL
59
HDL is made in _____ and ______
liver and intestine
60
Low-density lipoproteins
LDL
61
Deliver cholesterol to peripheral cells and liver following triglyceride removal
LDL
62
Function of Apolipoproteins
- Maintain structural integrity - Binding site for cell receptors - Activator/Inhibitor of various enzymes
63
TYPES OF APOLIPOPROTEINS
APO A-I APO B APO C APO E
64
Major protein on HDL
APO A-I
65
Principal protein LDL, VLDL and chylomicrons
APO B
66
APO B TWO FORMS
B-100 AND B-48
67
Activates lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to break down triglycerides
APO C
68
Promotes binding of LDL, VLDL
APO E
69
Three pathways
- lipid absorption - exogenous - endogenous
70
3 pathways depend on ______ lipoprotein particles
apo-B
71
3 pathways transport _______ and ________ to peripheral cells
dietary lipids ; hepatic-derived lipids
72
3 pathways critical transport mechanism of _____ to peripheral cells
fatty acids
73
the fourth pathway
Reverse cholesterol transport Maintains cholesterol equilibrium
74
enzymes involved in digestion of lipids
Lingual Lipase Pancreatic Lipase Colipase Lipid Esterase Phospholipases
75
provides a stable interface with aqueous environment of stomach
Lingual Lipase
76
major enzyme affecting triglyceride hydrolysis
Pancreatic Lipase
77
protein anchoring lipase to the lipid
Colipase
78
secreted by pancreas, acts on cholestrol esters, activated by bile
Lipid Esterase
79
cleave phospholipids, activated by trypsin
Phospholipases
80
they form the spherical structures (micelles) assisting in absorption
bile
81
hydrophobic portion (______) are located to the inside of the micelle, with _______ (hydrophillic portion) to the outside
tails of FA ; heads
82
Biles move lipids from the ________ to the _______
intestinal lumen ; cell surface
83
in bile, absorption is by ______ (complete for FA and monoglycerides, less for others)
diffusion
84
short chain FA’s are absorbed and enter the portal ____ to the _____
vein ; liver
85
those FA’s with more than 10 carbons are resynthesized by the ____ to _______
liver ; triglycerides
86
they (FA's) are then converted into ______ and pass to the _____
chylomicrons ; lymphatic system
87
some FA’s entering the liver are ______ for energy, others ______
oxidized ; stored
88
blood lipids:
45% P-lipids 35% triglycerides 15% cholestrol esters 5% free FA’s
89
During digestion, ______ cuts off fatty acids and converts dietary lipids to compounds with _______ properties
pancreatic lipase ; amphipathic
90
_______, ________ and ________ are also transformed to amphipathic lipids
Triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol esters
91
These lipids form aggregates with bile acids in the intestine-called _______
micelles
92
Absorption occurs when ______ contact membranes of the _______ cells
micelles ; intestinal mucosal
93
Short chain fatty acids, enter circulation, picked up by ______, taken to ______
albumin ; liver
94
Long chain fatty acids, monoglycerides, diglycerides Re-esterified in intestinal cells to form ______ and _______
triglycerides ; cholestyl esters

mt (54 decks)

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