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cell structure Flashcards

1
Q

used microscope to examine a think slice of cork, called them “cells”

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

first to view organism (living thing)

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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3
Q

concluded that all plants were made of cells

A

Matthias Schleiden

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4
Q

concluded that all animals were made of cells

A

Theodore Schwann

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5
Q

observed cells dividing, “all cells come from other pre-existing cells”

A

Rudolf Virchow

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6
Q

all living things are made of cells

A

cell theory

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7
Q

the basic unit structure and function in an organism or the basic unit of life

A

cells

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8
Q

reproduction of existing cells

A

cell division

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9
Q

cells that lack a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

A

prokaryotes

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10
Q

cells with nucleus and membrane bound organelle

A

eukaryotes

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11
Q

3 basic structure of cells

A

nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm with organelle.

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12
Q

2 main type of eukaryotic cells

A

animal and plant cells

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13
Q

perform various functions for a cell and may or may not be membrane-bound

A

organelles

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14
Q

composed of double layer of phospholipids and proteins and controls what enters and leave the cell

A

cell/plasma membrane

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15
Q

contains glycerol and phosphate and are hydrophilic

A

phospholipid head

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16
Q

made of fatty acids and are hydrophobic

A

phospholipid tails

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17
Q

move laterally to allow small molecules like o2, co2, and h2o to enter

A

phospholipids

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18
Q

help move large molecules

A

cell membrane proteins

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19
Q

attached on the surface

A

peripheral proteins

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20
Q

embedded completely through the membrane

A

integral proteins

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21
Q

jelly like substance enclosed by cell membrane, provides medium for chemical reactions

A

cytoplasm

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22
Q

controls the normal activities of the cell and contains the DNA

A

nucleus

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23
Q

control cell characteristics

A

genes

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24
Q

double membrane surrounding nucleus

A

nuclear envelope or nuclear membrane

25
Q

functions for the materials to enter and leave nucleus

A

nuclear pores

26
Q

where the genetic material is found

A

nucleus

27
Q

in non-dividing cells, DNA appears as (spread out)

A

chromatin

28
Q

in dividing cells, DNA forms as

A

chromosomes

29
Q

hereditary material of the cell

A

DNA

30
Q

code for different protein and makes up the DNA

A

genes

31
Q

makes ribosomes, disappear when cell divides and found inside the nucleus

A

nucleolus

32
Q

maintain cell shape, help move organelles, made of proteins

A

cytoskeleton

33
Q

threadlike and made of actin

A

microfilaments

34
Q

tubelike and made of tubulin

A

microtubules

35
Q

found only in animal cells and help pull chromosome pairs apart

A

centrioles

36
Q

powerhouse of the cells and appears both in plants and animal cells and site of cellular respiration

A

mitochondria

37
Q

folded inner membrane

A

cristae

38
Q

network of hollow membrane tubules that connects to nuclear envelope and cell membrane (function: synthesis of cell products and transport)

A

endoplasmic reticulum

39
Q

makes membrane proteins and proteins for export out of cell

A

rough er

40
Q

ribosome make proteins on

A

ER surface

41
Q

makes membrane lipids (steroids) and regulates calcium and destroys toxic substance

A

smooth er

42
Q

protein factories for cell and ; protein and rRna maker

A

ribosome

43
Q

ribosome attachment:

A

a. attached to er
b. be free in the cytoplasm

44
Q

stacks of flattened sacs, receive proteins made by ER, modify, sort, and package molecules from ER for storage or transport out of cell

A

golgi bodies

45
Q

digestive enzyme, breaks down food, bacteria and worn out cell parts

A

lysosome

46
Q

cell death

A

apoptosis

47
Q

cell take in foods through

A

phagocytosis

48
Q

digest the food and get rid of waste

A

lysosome

49
Q

function in moving cells, fluids or small particles across the cell surface

A

cilia and flagella

50
Q

shorter and more numerous on cells

A

cilia

51
Q

longer and fewer usually 1-3 on cells

A

flagella

52
Q

found only in producers, surrounded by double membrane

A

chloroplasts

53
Q

the chloroplast use sunlight energy to make ___

A

food (glucose)

54
Q

storage of energy frok sun

A

chemical bonds of sugars

55
Q

fluid filled sacks for storage, which may be small or absent in animal cells

A

vacuoles

56
Q

cell sap

A

they store in plants

57
Q

inner membrane modified into sacs

A

thylakoids

58
Q

thylakoids in stacks

A

grana

59
Q

gel like material surrounding thylakoids

A

stroma

mt (54 decks)

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