cell structure

Question 1

used microscope to examine a think slice of cork, called them “cells”

Answer 1

Robert Hooke

Question 2

first to view organism (living thing)

Answer 2

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 3

concluded that all plants were made of cells

Answer 3

Matthias Schleiden

Question 4

concluded that all animals were made of cells

Answer 4

Theodore Schwann

Question 5

observed cells dividing, “all cells come from other pre-existing cells”

Answer 5

Rudolf Virchow

Question 6

all living things are made of cells

Answer 6

cell theory

Question 7

the basic unit structure and function in an organism or the basic unit of life

Answer 7

cells

Question 8

reproduction of existing cells

Answer 8

cell division

Question 9

cells that lack a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

Answer 9

prokaryotes

Question 10

cells with nucleus and membrane bound organelle

Answer 10

eukaryotes

Question 11

3 basic structure of cells

Answer 11

nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm with organelle.

Question 12

2 main type of eukaryotic cells

Answer 12

animal and plant cells

Question 13

perform various functions for a cell and may or may not be membrane-bound

Answer 13

organelles

Question 14

composed of double layer of phospholipids and proteins and controls what enters and leave the cell

Answer 14

cell/plasma membrane

Question 15

contains glycerol and phosphate and are hydrophilic

Answer 15

phospholipid head

Question 16

made of fatty acids and are hydrophobic

Answer 16

phospholipid tails

Question 17

move laterally to allow small molecules like o2, co2, and h2o to enter

Answer 17

phospholipids

Question 18

help move large molecules

Answer 18

cell membrane proteins

Question 19

attached on the surface

Answer 19

peripheral proteins

Question 20

embedded completely through the membrane

Answer 20

integral proteins

Question 21

jelly like substance enclosed by cell membrane, provides medium for chemical reactions

Answer 21

cytoplasm

Question 22

controls the normal activities of the cell and contains the DNA

Answer 22

nucleus

Question 23

control cell characteristics

Answer 23

genes

Question 24

double membrane surrounding nucleus

Answer 24

nuclear envelope or nuclear membrane

Question 25

functions for the materials to enter and leave nucleus

Answer 25

nuclear pores

Question 26

where the genetic material is found

Answer 26

nucleus

Question 27

in non-dividing cells, DNA appears as (spread out)

Answer 27

chromatin

Question 28

in dividing cells, DNA forms as

Answer 28

chromosomes

Question 29

hereditary material of the cell

Answer 29

DNA

Question 30

code for different protein and makes up the DNA

Answer 30

genes

Question 31

makes ribosomes, disappear when cell divides and found inside the nucleus

Answer 31

nucleolus

Question 32

maintain cell shape, help move organelles, made of proteins

Answer 32

cytoskeleton

Question 33

threadlike and made of actin

Answer 33

microfilaments

Question 34

tubelike and made of tubulin

Answer 34

microtubules

Question 35

found only in animal cells and help pull chromosome pairs apart

Answer 35

centrioles

Question 36

powerhouse of the cells and appears both in plants and animal cells and site of cellular respiration

Answer 36

mitochondria

Question 37

folded inner membrane

Answer 37

cristae

Question 38

network of hollow membrane tubules that connects to nuclear envelope and cell membrane (function: synthesis of cell products and transport)

Answer 38

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 39

makes membrane proteins and proteins for export out of cell

Answer 39

rough er

Question 40

ribosome make proteins on

Answer 40

ER surface

Question 41

makes membrane lipids (steroids) and regulates calcium and destroys toxic substance

Answer 41

smooth er

Question 42

protein factories for cell and ; protein and rRna maker

Answer 42

ribosome

Question 43

ribosome attachment:

Answer 43

a. attached to er b. be free in the cytoplasm

Question 44

stacks of flattened sacs, receive proteins made by ER, modify, sort, and package molecules from ER for storage or transport out of cell

Answer 44

golgi bodies

Question 45

digestive enzyme, breaks down food, bacteria and worn out cell parts

Answer 45

lysosome

Question 46

cell death

Answer 46

apoptosis

Question 47

cell take in foods through

Answer 47

phagocytosis

Question 48

digest the food and get rid of waste

Answer 48

lysosome

Question 49

function in moving cells, fluids or small particles across the cell surface

Answer 49

cilia and flagella

Question 50

shorter and more numerous on cells

Answer 50

cilia

Question 51

longer and fewer usually 1-3 on cells

Answer 51

flagella

Question 52

found only in producers, surrounded by double membrane

Answer 52

chloroplasts

Question 53

the chloroplast use sunlight energy to make ___

Answer 53

food (glucose)

Question 54

storage of energy frok sun

Answer 54

chemical bonds of sugars

Question 55

fluid filled sacks for storage, which may be small or absent in animal cells

Answer 55

vacuoles

Question 56

cell sap

Answer 56

they store in plants

Question 57

inner membrane modified into sacs

Answer 57

thylakoids

Question 58

thylakoids in stacks

Answer 58

grana

Question 59

gel like material surrounding thylakoids

Answer 59

stroma