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mt > ENTEROBACTERIACIAE - GEN. CHARAC to SALMONELLA > Flashcards

ENTEROBACTERIACIAE - GEN. CHARAC to SALMONELLA Flashcards

1
Q

Facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative bacilli

A

ENTEROBACTERIACEAE

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2
Q

All members (enterobacteriaciae) are motile at 35 degree cent. with peritrichous flagella except for…

A

Klebsiella, Shigella and Yersinia

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3
Q

All members (enterobacteriaciae) are non-encapsulated except for….

A

Klebsiella and Enterobacter

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4
Q

All members (enterobacteriaciae) ferment _____ (with acid production) and reduce ______

A

glucose ; nitrate to nitrite

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5
Q

All members (enterobacteriaciae) are gas producers except..

A

shigella (non-aerogenic)

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6
Q

most of them (enterobacteriaciae) are present in the intestinal tract as commensal except for..

A

Plesiomonas, Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia

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7
Q

enterobacteriaciae that may grow at 1-5 degree centigrade

A

Serratia and Yersinia

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8
Q

appearance of enterobacteriaciae in microscope

A

Gram-negative rods or coccobacilli with rounded ends

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9
Q

in BAP culture, enterobacteriaciae appear as a large, smooth, and gray except for ____ with mucoid colonies

A

Klebsiella and Enterobacter

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10
Q

in BAP culture, enterobacteriaciae are non-haemolytic except for some strains of _____, which are ____

A

E. coli ; β-haemolytic.

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11
Q

enterobacteriaciae (gen. characteristic) biochemical tests Catalase (+) except _____ and Oxidase (-) except for ____

A

s. dysenteriae ; Plesiomonas shigelloides

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12
Q
  • Part of the intestinal microbiota of both humans and animals
  • Generally do not initiate disease in healthy, uncompromised human hosts
  • They produce signifant virulent factors
A

opportunistic pathogens

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13
Q

example of opportunistic pathogens

A

E.coli, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, and Serratia.

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14
Q

Acquired through ingestion of contaminated food or water.
Presence in specimen is considered as very significant

A

overt/true pathogens

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15
Q

overt/true pathogens examples

A

Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia pestis

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16
Q

___, _____, ____ are ESBL- producing enterobacteria

A

E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and K. oxytoca

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17
Q

are small proteins (enzymes) produced by bacteria, they can make the bacteria resistant to certain commonly used antibiotic medicines.

A

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)

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18
Q

_____, ____, ____ are isolated from the urinary tract and can cause bacteremia.

A

E. coli, P. mirabilis and K. pneumonia

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19
Q

_____, _____, _____ are antibiotic-resistant genera

A

Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Serratia

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20
Q

____, ____, _____, ____ are associated with diarrhoea.

A

Shigella, Salmonella, E. coli and Yersinia

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21
Q

heat stable; located in the cell wall; used for E. coli and Shigella serotyping.

A

Somatic O antigen

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22
Q

heat labile; found in the flagellum; used for Salmonella serotyping.

A

Flagellar H antigen

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23
Q

heat labile; polysaccharide; found as K1 antigen of E. coli and Vi (virulence) antigen of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi.

A

Capsular K antigen

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24
Q

bacteria that is associated with Bacteriuria, septicaemia, neonatal sepsis, meningitis, and diarrheal syndrome

A

e. coli

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25
Q

bacteria that is associated with Diarrhea, dysentery

A

shigella

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26
Q

bacteria that is associated with Diarrhea, wound infection, septicaemia, meningitis, and enteric fever

A

Edwardsiella

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27
Q

bacteria associated with septicemia, enteric fever, and diarrhea

A

salmonella

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28
Q

bacteria associated with opportunistic and nosocomial infections ( wound and urine)

A

citrobacter

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29
Q

bacteria associated with Bacteriuria, pneumonia and septicemia

A

klebsiella

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30
Q

bacteria associated with Opportunistic and nosocomial infection

A

morganella

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31
Q

bacterias that are associated with Opportunistic and nosocomial infections, wound infections, bacteriuria, and septicemia

A

enterobacter
serratia
proteus
providencia

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32
Q

bacteria associated with Plague

A

yersinia pestis

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33
Q

bacterias associated with Mesenteric adenitis, diarrhea

A

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Yersinia enterocolitica

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34
Q

bacteria associated with Wound that are contaminated with soil or vegetation

A

erwinia

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35
Q

Most significant species in the genus Escherichia and has the sex pili and adhesive fimbriae

A

E. coli

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36
Q

e. coli culture

A

MAC
BAP
EMB

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37
Q

in this culture, e.coli colonies appear flat and dry, and exhibit a pink color ( lactose fermenter or LF); some strains may be non-lactose fermenters or NLF.

A

mac

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38
Q

in this culture, e.coli Most strains are non- haemolytic; some strains are β-haemolytic

A

BAP

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39
Q

in this culture, e. coli exhibit a greenish metallic sheen

A

EMB

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40
Q

virulence factor of E. coli

A

Endotoxin, common pili, K1 antigen, and intimin

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41
Q

e. coli antigenic determinants

A

O, H, and K antigens

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42
Q

IMViC reaction of E.coli

A

+ + - -

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43
Q

TSIA reaction of E. coli

A

A/A ( acidic slant/acidic butt), (+) gas, (-) H2S

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44
Q

Primary indicator of fecal contamination in water purification and testing

Clin. Sig: major cause of UTI (90%), sepsis, meningitis in infants (also Grp B Strep), diarrheal diseases

A

E. coli

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45
Q

Classification of E. coli

A

ETEC
EIEC
EPEC
EHEC/VTEC
UPEC

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46
Q

-produces heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins
-causes Traveller’s diarrhea

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

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47
Q

-causes Shigella-like infection
-causes dysentery (bloody diarrhea; +WBC)
-(+) Sereny test

A

Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)

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48
Q

-produces verocytotoxin
-causes nosocomial infection, infantile enteritis and diarrheal disease in children
-watery diarrhea with mucus but no blood

A

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)

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49
Q
  • ingestion of poorly cooked meat
A

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)/ Verotoxic E. coli (VTEC)

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50
Q

shiga like toxin

A

verotoxin

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51
Q

most severe manifestation of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)/ Verotoxic E. coli (VTEC)

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

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52
Q

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)/ Verotoxic E. coli (VTEC) complications

A

acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia, macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia

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53
Q

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)/ Verotoxic E. coli (VTEC) serotype

A

O157:H7

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54
Q

most common cause of UTI in humans

A

Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC)

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55
Q

virulence factor of Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC)

A

pili, cytolysins, aerobactin

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56
Q

Enterotoxigenic E. coli only grows on ___

A

BAP

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57
Q

E. coli 0157:H7 appears _____ on MAC and produces ____ growth.

A

colorless ; heavy

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58
Q

E. coli 0157:H7 rarely produces β-glucuronidase that results in a negative ______ test result

A

MUG (4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide)

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59
Q

similar to the Shiga toxin that is produced by Shigella dysenteriae 1.

A

Verotoxin I

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60
Q

causes damage to the kidney (Vero) cells of the African green monkey.

A

verotoxin

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61
Q

Formerly called E. coli atypical or enteric group H

A

Escherichia hermanii

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62
Q

Escherichia hermanii has been isolated from ___

A

CSF, wounds, and blood

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63
Q

Escherichia hermanii culture

A

yellow pigmentation

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64
Q

Usually found in the GIT of humans and animals and are non-motile

A

Klebsiella

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65
Q

Klebsiella species

A

K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, K. ozaenae, K. rhinoscleromatis and K. ornithinolytica.

66
Q

Klebsiella culture

A

MAC (LF) – pink mucoid colonies

67
Q

IMViC reaction of Klebsiella

A

– – + +

68
Q

Klebsiella TSI reaction

A

A/A +gas

69
Q

Most commonly isolated species of Klebsiella
Causative agent of a community-acquired pneumonia (mostly in immunocompromised host);
Afflicted patients cough up a “ currant jelly-like” sputum (dark-red sputum)

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae (Friedlander’s bacillus)

70
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae (Friedlander’s bacillus) virulence factor

A

Polysaccharide capsule

71
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae (Friedlander’s bacillus) culture

A

MAC – colonies exhibit a pink color and are mucoid ( LF)

72
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae (Friedlander’s bacillus) is positive on the ff test

A

Differential test: (+) string test
Neufeld-Quellung test: Positive

73
Q

Reagent in string test of K. pneumoniae

A

0.5 Sodium deoxycolate

74
Q

K. pnuemoniae growth on media with potassium cyanide (KCN):

A

positive

75
Q

K. pneumoniae IMViC reactions

A

– – + +

76
Q

K. pneumoniae TSIA reactions

A

A/A, (+) gas, (-) H2S

77
Q

the causative agent of chronic atrophic rhinitis (purulent sinus infection) which is also known as the “foul-smelling” atrophic rhinitis

A

K. ozaenae

78
Q

causes a granuloma of the nose and oropharynx.

A

K. rhinoscleromatis (Frisch bacillus)

79
Q

Klebsiella that are both indole-positive.

A

K. oxytoca and K. ornithinolytica

80
Q

Resemble those of Klebsiella when grown on a MacConkey agar.

A

Enterobacter

81
Q

Enterobacter culture

A

MAC – colonies exhibit pink color and are sometimes mucoid (LF)

82
Q

Enterobacter significant species

A

E. aerogenes, E. cloacae, E. gergoviae, and E. hormaechei

83
Q

Enterobacter common isolates

A

E. aerogenes and E. cloacae

84
Q

Enterobacter biochemical tests

A

Ornithine decarboxylase test : Positive
Lysine decarboxylase (LDC) test: Positive (except E. cloacae and E. gergoviae)
Growth on media KCN : Positive
Sorbitol fermentation: Positive ( E. aerogenes and E. cloacae)
Urease test: Positive ( E. cloacae)
Malonate test: Positive ( E. cloacae)

85
Q

enterobacter IMViC reaction

A

– – + +

86
Q

enterobacter TSIA reaction

A

A/A, (+) gas, (-) H2S

87
Q

Found in respiratory samples and is rarely isolated from blood cultures.

A

Enterobacter gergoviae

88
Q

Isolated with osteomyelitis following traumatic wounds and is formerly known as E. taylorae

A

Enterobacter cancerogenus

89
Q
  • Formerly known as Enterobacter sakazakii
    -Found as contaminants of powdered infant formula
A

Cronobacter sakazakii

90
Q

Cronobacter sakazakii is isolated from

A

Isolated from individuals with brain abscesses, and respiratory and wound infections.

91
Q

Cronobacter sakazakii culture

A

a. MAC – colonies exhibit a pink color ( LF)
b. BHIA – colonies exhibit yellow pigmentation

92
Q

Cronobacter sakazakii IMViC reaction

A

– – + +

93
Q

Cronobacter sakazakii TSIA reaction

A

A/A, (+) gas, (-) H2S

94
Q
  • Formerly known as Enterobacter agglomerans
  • Causes nosocomial outbreaks of septicaemia due to contamination of IV fluids
  • Shows a triple decarboxylase negative reaction
A

Pantoea agglomerans

95
Q

Pantoea agglomerans culture

A

MAC – colonies are clear or colorless (NLF)

96
Q

Pantoea agglomerans IMViC reaction

A

– v + v

97
Q

Pantoea agglomerans TSIA reaction

A

K/A ( Alkaline slant/ Acidic butt), (-) gas, (-) H2S

98
Q

Opportunistic pathogens that are usually associated with nosocomial outbreaks

Resistant to a wide range of antibiotics

A

Serratia

99
Q

Serratia culture

A

MAC – colonies are clear and colorless (NLF); some strains may show slow or late lactose fermentation.

100
Q

serratia biochemical tests

A

(+) Dnase, gelatinase, lipase, and ONPG

101
Q

serratia species

A

S. marcescens, S. odorifera, S. rubidaea, S. liquefaciens, and S. plymuthica

102
Q

serratia IMViC reaction

A

– – + +

103
Q

serratia TSIA reaction

A

K/A, (+) gas, (-) H2S

104
Q

serratia specieis that produce pink to red colonies (due to the production of prodigiosin pigments) after incubation at 25 degree cent.

A

S. marcescens, S. rubidaea, S. liquifaciens, and S. plymuthica

105
Q

serratia specie that has a musty and pungent odor or a “rotten potato-like” odor

A

S. odorifera

106
Q

serratia specie that ferments arabinose and exhibits growth in a culture medium with KCN

A

S. liquefaciens

107
Q

Most clinically significant species of the genus Serratia
Causes bacteremia outbreak in nurseries, cardiac surgery units, and burn units.
Few strains are late lactose fermenters

A

Serratia marcescens

108
Q

Serratia marcescens biochemical test

A

(+) urease, gelatinase and ONPG; (-) arabinose fermentation

109
Q

Species of this genus are isolated from urine, wound, and ear infection.

Can infect the proximal kidney tubule and can cause acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), particularly in patients with UTI and in catheterization.

Rapid urease producers

A

proteus

110
Q

proteus species

A

P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. penneri and P. myxofaciens

111
Q

proteus human pathogens

A

P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris

112
Q

common isolated proteus

A

p. mirabilis

113
Q

proteus culture

A

MAC – colonies are clear and colorless (NLF): exhibit a “ swarming phenomenon” and have a “ burnt- chocolate” or “ burnt-gunpowder” odor.

114
Q

exhibit a “ swarming phenomenon” and have a “ burnt- chocolate” or “ burnt-gunpowder” odor in mac culture

A

proteus

115
Q

proteus PAD test

A

positive

116
Q

P. mirabilis IMViC and TSIA reaction

A

P. mirabilis: - + v v
P.mirabilis: K/A, (+) gas, (+) H2S

117
Q

P. vulgaris IMViC and TSIA reaction

A

P. vulgaris : + + - v
P. vulgaris: K/A, (+/-) gas, (+) H2S

118
Q

Cause of nosocomial outbreaks involving burn units

A

Providencia

119
Q

providencia species

A

P. alcalifaciens, P. stuartii, P. rettgeri, and P. heimbachae

120
Q

providencia culture

A

MAC- colonies are clear and colorless (NLF)

121
Q

providencia PAD test

A

positive

122
Q

providencia IMViC reaction

A

+ + - +

123
Q

providencia LIA reaction

A

R/A

124
Q

providencia TSIA reaction

A

K/A, (-) gas, (-) H2S

125
Q

Pathogen of the urinary tract
Also causes diarrheal disease among travellers
Mostly resistant to antimicrobial agents

A

Providencia rettgeri

126
Q

Found in nosocomial outbreaks in burn units
Mostly resistant to antimicrobial agents

A

Providencia stuartii

127
Q

Most commonly found in the feces of children with diarrhea.

A

Providencia alcalifaciens

128
Q

Have the same biochemical reaction as those of P. vulgaris, except that the latter is citrate negative.

A

Morganella

129
Q

morganella specie

A

Morganella morganii

130
Q

morganella culture

A

MAC- colonies are clear and colorless (NLF)

131
Q

Morganella PAD test:

A

Positive

132
Q

Morganella IMViC reaction

A

+ + – –

133
Q

Morganella LIA reaction:

A

R/A

134
Q

Morganella TSIA reaction:

A

K/A, (+) gas,(-) H2S

135
Q

Morganella is positive on the ff.

A

Urease, KCN, and ornithine decarboxylase

136
Q

Species produce colonies in MacConkey agar that are similar to those of E.coli and have a biochemical resemblance to those of Salmonella.

Can cause false-positive agglutination test results with Salmonella.

A

Citrobacter

137
Q

Citrobacter species grow in ___ agar

A

Simon’s Citrate

138
Q

Citrobacter culture

A

MAC- colonies become clear and colorless (NLF) after 24 hours colonies exhibit a light pink color (LF) after 48 hours.

139
Q

citrobacter species

A

C. freundii and C, koseri

140
Q

citrobacter urease test

A

positive

141
Q

citrobacter IMViC reaction

A

C. freundii : - + - +
C. koseri: + + - +

142
Q

citrobacter TSIA reaction

A

C. freundii : A/A or K/A, (+) gas, (+) H2S
C. koseri: K/A, (+) gas, (-) H2S

143
Q
  • Can be isolated in diarrheal stool culture ( extraintestinal pathogen)
  • Produces group 1 cephalosporinase
A

Citrobacter freundii

144
Q

Causes outbreaks of neonatal meningitis and brain abscess in nursery units.

A

Citrobacter koseri (formerly C. diversus)

145
Q

Most pathogenic enterobacteria that cause enteric fever (typhoid fever) and acute gastroenteritis ( food poisoning) to humans.

They are not part of the large intestinal microbiota

They may also be transmitted by human carriers

A

Salmonella

146
Q

Salmonella mode of acquisition

A

Ingestion of contaminated animal food products or improperly cooked poultry, milk, eggs, and dairy; and direct human contact

147
Q

salmonella species

A

S. enterica (human species) S. bongori (animal species)

148
Q

salmonella virulence factors

A

Fimbriae and enterotoxin (S. enterica)

149
Q

salmonella culture

A

MAC – colonies are clear and colorless (NLF)
SSA – Colonies are colorless with black centers.

150
Q

salmonella antigenic structures

A

Somatic O and Flagellar H – for serologic grouping

Vi antigen (Salmonella serotype Typhi)- antiphagocytic

151
Q

The main etiologic agent of enteric fever is ___

A

Salmonella serotype Typhi

152
Q

The etiologic agents of paratyphoid fever are ____

A

Salmonella serotype Paratyphi A, b, and C, and Salmonella serotype Choleraesuis

153
Q

Biochemical Characteristics of Salmonella species

A

All species are motile except for Salmonella serotype Pullorum and Salmonella serotype Gallinarum
All species produces gas except for Salmonella serotype Gallinarum and Salmonella serotype Typhi.
All species produces H2S except for Salmonella serotype Paratyphi A
LDC: Positive ( except for Salmonella serotype Paratyphi A)
Urease: Negative
Growth on media with KCN: Negative

154
Q

All salmonella species are motile except for

A

Salmonella serotype Pullorum and Salmonella serotype Gallinarum

155
Q

All salmonella species produces gas except for

A

Salmonella serotype Gallinarum and Salmonella serotype Typhi.

156
Q

All salmonella species produces H2S except for

A

Salmonella serotype Paratyphi A

157
Q

salmonella is LDC positive except for

A

Salmonella serotype Paratyphi A

158
Q

salmonella is negative on ..

A

urease and growth on media with KCN

159
Q

salmonella IMViC reaction

A

– + – +

160
Q

Salmonella serotype Typhi IMViC reaction

A

– + – –

161
Q

salmonella TSIA reaction

A

K/A, (+) gas, (+) H2S

162
Q

Salmonella serotype Typhi TSIA reaction

A

K/A, (-) gas, (+) H2S

mt (54 decks)

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