ENTEROBACTERIACIAE - GEN. CHARAC to SALMONELLA Flashcards
1
Q
Facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative bacilli
A
ENTEROBACTERIACEAE
2
Q
All members (enterobacteriaciae) are motile at 35 degree cent. with peritrichous flagella except for…
A
Klebsiella, Shigella and Yersinia
3
Q
All members (enterobacteriaciae) are non-encapsulated except for….
A
Klebsiella and Enterobacter
4
Q
All members (enterobacteriaciae) ferment _____ (with acid production) and reduce ______
A
glucose ; nitrate to nitrite
5
Q
All members (enterobacteriaciae) are gas producers except..
A
shigella (non-aerogenic)
6
Q
most of them (enterobacteriaciae) are present in the intestinal tract as commensal except for..
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Plesiomonas, Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia
7
Q
enterobacteriaciae that may grow at 1-5 degree centigrade
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Serratia and Yersinia
8
Q
appearance of enterobacteriaciae in microscope
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Gram-negative rods or coccobacilli with rounded ends
9
Q
in BAP culture, enterobacteriaciae appear as a large, smooth, and gray except for ____ with mucoid colonies
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Klebsiella and Enterobacter
10
Q
in BAP culture, enterobacteriaciae are non-haemolytic except for some strains of _____, which are ____
A
E. coli ; β-haemolytic.
11
Q
enterobacteriaciae (gen. characteristic) biochemical tests Catalase (+) except _____ and Oxidase (-) except for ____
A
s. dysenteriae ; Plesiomonas shigelloides
12
Q
- Part of the intestinal microbiota of both humans and animals
- Generally do not initiate disease in healthy, uncompromised human hosts
- They produce signifant virulent factors
A
opportunistic pathogens
13
Q
example of opportunistic pathogens
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E.coli, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, and Serratia.
14
Q
Acquired through ingestion of contaminated food or water.
Presence in specimen is considered as very significant
A
overt/true pathogens
15
Q
overt/true pathogens examples
A
Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia pestis
16
Q
___, _____, ____ are ESBL- producing enterobacteria
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E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and K. oxytoca
17
Q
are small proteins (enzymes) produced by bacteria, they can make the bacteria resistant to certain commonly used antibiotic medicines.
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Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)
18
Q
_____, ____, ____ are isolated from the urinary tract and can cause bacteremia.
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E. coli, P. mirabilis and K. pneumonia
19
Q
_____, _____, _____ are antibiotic-resistant genera
A
Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Serratia
20
Q
____, ____, _____, ____ are associated with diarrhoea.
A
Shigella, Salmonella, E. coli and Yersinia
21
Q
heat stable; located in the cell wall; used for E. coli and Shigella serotyping.
A
Somatic O antigen
22
Q
heat labile; found in the flagellum; used for Salmonella serotyping.
A
Flagellar H antigen
23
Q
heat labile; polysaccharide; found as K1 antigen of E. coli and Vi (virulence) antigen of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi.
A
Capsular K antigen
24
Q
bacteria that is associated with Bacteriuria, septicaemia, neonatal sepsis, meningitis, and diarrheal syndrome
A
e. coli
25
bacteria that is associated with Diarrhea, dysentery
shigella
26
bacteria that is associated with Diarrhea, wound infection, septicaemia, meningitis, and enteric fever
Edwardsiella
27
bacteria associated with septicemia, enteric fever, and diarrhea
salmonella
28
bacteria associated with opportunistic and nosocomial infections ( wound and urine)
citrobacter
29
bacteria associated with Bacteriuria, pneumonia and septicemia
klebsiella
30
bacteria associated with Opportunistic and nosocomial infection
morganella
31
bacterias that are associated with Opportunistic and nosocomial infections, wound infections, bacteriuria, and septicemia
enterobacter
serratia
proteus
providencia
32
bacteria associated with Plague
yersinia pestis
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bacterias associated with Mesenteric adenitis, diarrhea
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Yersinia enterocolitica
34
bacteria associated with Wound that are contaminated with soil or vegetation
erwinia
35
Most significant species in the genus Escherichia and has the sex pili and adhesive fimbriae
E. coli
36
e. coli culture
MAC
BAP
EMB
37
in this culture, e.coli colonies appear flat and dry, and exhibit a pink color ( lactose fermenter or LF); some strains may be non-lactose fermenters or NLF.
mac
38
in this culture, e.coli Most strains are non- haemolytic; some strains are β-haemolytic
BAP
39
in this culture, e. coli exhibit a greenish metallic sheen
EMB
40
virulence factor of E. coli
Endotoxin, common pili, K1 antigen, and intimin
41
e. coli antigenic determinants
O, H, and K antigens
42
IMViC reaction of E.coli
+ + - -
43
TSIA reaction of E. coli
A/A ( acidic slant/acidic butt), (+) gas, (-) H2S
44
Primary indicator of fecal contamination in water purification and testing
Clin. Sig: major cause of UTI (90%), sepsis, meningitis in infants (also Grp B Strep), diarrheal diseases
E. coli
45
Classification of E. coli
ETEC
EIEC
EPEC
EHEC/VTEC
UPEC
46
-produces heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins
-causes Traveller’s diarrhea
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
47
-causes Shigella-like infection
-causes dysentery (bloody diarrhea; +WBC)
-(+) Sereny test
Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
48
-produces verocytotoxin
-causes nosocomial infection, infantile enteritis and diarrheal disease in children
-watery diarrhea with mucus but no blood
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
49
- ingestion of poorly cooked meat
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)/ Verotoxic E. coli (VTEC)
50
shiga like toxin
verotoxin
51
most severe manifestation of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)/ Verotoxic E. coli (VTEC)
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
52
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)/ Verotoxic E. coli (VTEC) complications
acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia, macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia
53
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)/ Verotoxic E. coli (VTEC) serotype
O157:H7
54
most common cause of UTI in humans
Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC)
55
virulence factor of Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC)
pili, cytolysins, aerobactin
56
Enterotoxigenic E. coli only grows on ___
BAP
57
E. coli 0157:H7 appears _____ on MAC and produces ____ growth.
colorless ; heavy
58
E. coli 0157:H7 rarely produces β-glucuronidase that results in a negative ______ test result
MUG (4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide)
59
similar to the Shiga toxin that is produced by Shigella dysenteriae 1.
Verotoxin I
60
causes damage to the kidney (Vero) cells of the African green monkey.
verotoxin
61
Formerly called E. coli atypical or enteric group H
Escherichia hermanii
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Escherichia hermanii has been isolated from ___
CSF, wounds, and blood
63
Escherichia hermanii culture
yellow pigmentation
64
Usually found in the GIT of humans and animals and are non-motile
Klebsiella
65
Klebsiella species
K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, K. ozaenae, K. rhinoscleromatis and K. ornithinolytica.
66
Klebsiella culture
MAC (LF) – pink mucoid colonies
67
IMViC reaction of Klebsiella
-- -- + +
68
Klebsiella TSI reaction
A/A +gas
69
Most commonly isolated species of Klebsiella
Causative agent of a community-acquired pneumonia (mostly in immunocompromised host);
Afflicted patients cough up a “ currant jelly-like” sputum (dark-red sputum)
Klebsiella pneumoniae (Friedlander’s bacillus)
70
Klebsiella pneumoniae (Friedlander’s bacillus) virulence factor
Polysaccharide capsule
71
Klebsiella pneumoniae (Friedlander’s bacillus) culture
MAC – colonies exhibit a pink color and are mucoid ( LF)
72
Klebsiella pneumoniae (Friedlander’s bacillus) is positive on the ff test
Differential test: (+) string test
Neufeld-Quellung test: Positive
73
Reagent in string test of K. pneumoniae
0.5 Sodium deoxycolate
74
K. pnuemoniae growth on media with potassium cyanide (KCN):
positive
75
K. pneumoniae IMViC reactions
-- -- + +
76
K. pneumoniae TSIA reactions
A/A, (+) gas, (-) H2S
77
the causative agent of chronic atrophic rhinitis (purulent sinus infection) which is also known as the “foul-smelling” atrophic rhinitis
K. ozaenae
78
causes a granuloma of the nose and oropharynx.
K. rhinoscleromatis (Frisch bacillus)
79
Klebsiella that are both indole-positive.
K. oxytoca and K. ornithinolytica
80
Resemble those of Klebsiella when grown on a MacConkey agar.
Enterobacter
81
Enterobacter culture
MAC – colonies exhibit pink color and are sometimes mucoid (LF)
82
Enterobacter significant species
E. aerogenes, E. cloacae, E. gergoviae, and E. hormaechei
83
Enterobacter common isolates
E. aerogenes and E. cloacae
84
Enterobacter biochemical tests
Ornithine decarboxylase test : Positive
Lysine decarboxylase (LDC) test: Positive (except E. cloacae and E. gergoviae)
Growth on media KCN : Positive
Sorbitol fermentation: Positive ( E. aerogenes and E. cloacae)
Urease test: Positive ( E. cloacae)
Malonate test: Positive ( E. cloacae)
85
enterobacter IMViC reaction
-- -- + +
86
enterobacter TSIA reaction
A/A, (+) gas, (-) H2S
87
Found in respiratory samples and is rarely isolated from blood cultures.
Enterobacter gergoviae
88
Isolated with osteomyelitis following traumatic wounds and is formerly known as E. taylorae
Enterobacter cancerogenus
89
- Formerly known as Enterobacter sakazakii
-Found as contaminants of powdered infant formula
Cronobacter sakazakii
90
Cronobacter sakazakii is isolated from
Isolated from individuals with brain abscesses, and respiratory and wound infections.
91
Cronobacter sakazakii culture
a. MAC – colonies exhibit a pink color ( LF)
b. BHIA – colonies exhibit yellow pigmentation
92
Cronobacter sakazakii IMViC reaction
-- -- + +
93
Cronobacter sakazakii TSIA reaction
A/A, (+) gas, (-) H2S
94
- Formerly known as Enterobacter agglomerans
- Causes nosocomial outbreaks of septicaemia due to contamination of IV fluids
- Shows a triple decarboxylase negative reaction
Pantoea agglomerans
95
Pantoea agglomerans culture
MAC – colonies are clear or colorless (NLF)
96
Pantoea agglomerans IMViC reaction
-- v + v
97
Pantoea agglomerans TSIA reaction
K/A ( Alkaline slant/ Acidic butt), (-) gas, (-) H2S
98
Opportunistic pathogens that are usually associated with nosocomial outbreaks
Resistant to a wide range of antibiotics
Serratia
99
Serratia culture
MAC – colonies are clear and colorless (NLF); some strains may show slow or late lactose fermentation.
100
serratia biochemical tests
(+) Dnase, gelatinase, lipase, and ONPG
101
serratia species
S. marcescens, S. odorifera, S. rubidaea, S. liquefaciens, and S. plymuthica
102
serratia IMViC reaction
-- -- + +
103
serratia TSIA reaction
K/A, (+) gas, (-) H2S
104
serratia specieis that produce pink to red colonies (due to the production of prodigiosin pigments) after incubation at 25 degree cent.
S. marcescens, S. rubidaea, S. liquifaciens, and S. plymuthica
105
serratia specie that has a musty and pungent odor or a “rotten potato-like” odor
S. odorifera
106
serratia specie that ferments arabinose and exhibits growth in a culture medium with KCN
S. liquefaciens
107
Most clinically significant species of the genus Serratia
Causes bacteremia outbreak in nurseries, cardiac surgery units, and burn units.
Few strains are late lactose fermenters
Serratia marcescens
108
Serratia marcescens biochemical test
(+) urease, gelatinase and ONPG; (-) arabinose fermentation
109
Species of this genus are isolated from urine, wound, and ear infection.
Can infect the proximal kidney tubule and can cause acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), particularly in patients with UTI and in catheterization.
Rapid urease producers
proteus
110
proteus species
P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. penneri and P. myxofaciens
111
proteus human pathogens
P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris
112
common isolated proteus
p. mirabilis
113
proteus culture
MAC – colonies are clear and colorless (NLF): exhibit a “ swarming phenomenon” and have a “ burnt- chocolate” or “ burnt-gunpowder” odor.
114
exhibit a “ swarming phenomenon” and have a “ burnt- chocolate” or “ burnt-gunpowder” odor in mac culture
proteus
115
proteus PAD test
positive
116
P. mirabilis IMViC and TSIA reaction
P. mirabilis: - + v v
P.mirabilis: K/A, (+) gas, (+) H2S
117
P. vulgaris IMViC and TSIA reaction
P. vulgaris : + + - v
P. vulgaris: K/A, (+/-) gas, (+) H2S
118
Cause of nosocomial outbreaks involving burn units
Providencia
119
providencia species
P. alcalifaciens, P. stuartii, P. rettgeri, and P. heimbachae
120
providencia culture
MAC- colonies are clear and colorless (NLF)
121
providencia PAD test
positive
122
providencia IMViC reaction
+ + - +
123
providencia LIA reaction
R/A
124
providencia TSIA reaction
K/A, (-) gas, (-) H2S
125
Pathogen of the urinary tract
Also causes diarrheal disease among travellers
Mostly resistant to antimicrobial agents
Providencia rettgeri
126
Found in nosocomial outbreaks in burn units
Mostly resistant to antimicrobial agents
Providencia stuartii
127
Most commonly found in the feces of children with diarrhea.
Providencia alcalifaciens
128
Have the same biochemical reaction as those of P. vulgaris, except that the latter is citrate negative.
Morganella
129
morganella specie
Morganella morganii
130
morganella culture
MAC- colonies are clear and colorless (NLF)
131
Morganella PAD test:
Positive
132
Morganella IMViC reaction
+ + -- --
133
Morganella LIA reaction:
R/A
134
Morganella TSIA reaction:
K/A, (+) gas,(-) H2S
135
Morganella is positive on the ff.
Urease, KCN, and ornithine decarboxylase
136
Species produce colonies in MacConkey agar that are similar to those of E.coli and have a biochemical resemblance to those of Salmonella.
Can cause false-positive agglutination test results with Salmonella.
Citrobacter
137
Citrobacter species grow in ___ agar
Simon's Citrate
138
Citrobacter culture
MAC- colonies become clear and colorless (NLF) after 24 hours colonies exhibit a light pink color (LF) after 48 hours.
139
citrobacter species
C. freundii and C, koseri
140
citrobacter urease test
positive
141
citrobacter IMViC reaction
C. freundii : - + - +
C. koseri: + + - +
142
citrobacter TSIA reaction
C. freundii : A/A or K/A, (+) gas, (+) H2S
C. koseri: K/A, (+) gas, (-) H2S
143
- Can be isolated in diarrheal stool culture ( extraintestinal pathogen)
- Produces group 1 cephalosporinase
Citrobacter freundii
144
Causes outbreaks of neonatal meningitis and brain abscess in nursery units.
Citrobacter koseri (formerly C. diversus)
145
Most pathogenic enterobacteria that cause enteric fever (typhoid fever) and acute gastroenteritis ( food poisoning) to humans.
They are not part of the large intestinal microbiota
They may also be transmitted by human carriers
Salmonella
146
Salmonella mode of acquisition
Ingestion of contaminated animal food products or improperly cooked poultry, milk, eggs, and dairy; and direct human contact
147
salmonella species
S. enterica (human species) S. bongori (animal species)
148
salmonella virulence factors
Fimbriae and enterotoxin (S. enterica)
149
salmonella culture
MAC – colonies are clear and colorless (NLF)
SSA – Colonies are colorless with black centers.
150
salmonella antigenic structures
Somatic O and Flagellar H – for serologic grouping
Vi antigen (Salmonella serotype Typhi)- antiphagocytic
151
The main etiologic agent of enteric fever is ___
Salmonella serotype Typhi
152
The etiologic agents of paratyphoid fever are ____
Salmonella serotype Paratyphi A, b, and C, and Salmonella serotype Choleraesuis
153
Biochemical Characteristics of Salmonella species
All species are motile except for Salmonella serotype Pullorum and Salmonella serotype Gallinarum
All species produces gas except for Salmonella serotype Gallinarum and Salmonella serotype Typhi.
All species produces H2S except for Salmonella serotype Paratyphi A
LDC: Positive ( except for Salmonella serotype Paratyphi A)
Urease: Negative
Growth on media with KCN: Negative
154
All salmonella species are motile except for
Salmonella serotype Pullorum and Salmonella serotype Gallinarum
155
All salmonella species produces gas except for
Salmonella serotype Gallinarum and Salmonella serotype Typhi.
156
All salmonella species produces H2S except for
Salmonella serotype Paratyphi A
157
salmonella is LDC positive except for
Salmonella serotype Paratyphi A
158
salmonella is negative on ..
urease and growth on media with KCN
159
salmonella IMViC reaction
-- + -- +
160
Salmonella serotype Typhi IMViC reaction
-- + -- --
161
salmonella TSIA reaction
K/A, (+) gas, (+) H2S
162
Salmonella serotype Typhi TSIA reaction
K/A, (-) gas, (+) H2S
